tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76725537624046962202024-02-19T14:31:51.661-08:00Vhy Chocolate NurseElvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.comBlogger53125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-40428252585569010812013-06-13T04:50:00.000-07:002013-06-13T04:56:18.485-07:00LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN DERMATITIS<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">LANDASAN TEORI MEDIK</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada banyak
sekali penyakit yang menyerang kulit manusia, salah satunya adalah dermatitis.
Dermatitis merupakan sebuah kelainan kulit dengan gejala subyektif rasa gatal.
Penyakit ini biasanya ditandai dengan ruam yang polimorfi dan umumnya berbatas
dengan tegas. Kulit tampak meradang dan iritasi. Peradangan ini bisa terjadi
dimana saja namun yang paling sering terkena adalah tangan dan kaki. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyakit
dermatitis ini memang tidak pandang bulu, semua orang baik tua maupun muda
“berpeluang” terkena penyakit ini. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gejala
eksim akan mulai muncul pada masa anak anak terutama saat mereka berumur diatas
2 tahun. Pada beberapa kasus, eksim akan menghilang dengan bertambahnya usia,
namun tidak sedikit pula yang akan menderita seumur hidupnya. Dengan pengobatan
yang tepat, penyakit ini dapat dikendalikan dengan baik sehingga mengurangi
angka kekambuhan.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGERTIAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dermatitis adalah suatu peradangan
menahun pada lapisan atas kulit yang menyebabkan rasa gatal. Pada umumnya
Dermatitis juga disertai dengan tanda-tanda seperti terbentuknya bintik yang
berisi cairan (bening atau nanah) dan bersisik.<b><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dermatitis</span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu kondisi umum yang
biasanya tidak mengancam jiwa atau menular. Tapi kondisi ini dapat membuat
seseorang merasa tidak nyaman dan percaya diri. Langkah perawatan diri dan
obat-obatan dapat membantu mengobati penyakit </span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1870/dermatitis-peradangan-pada-kulit/" title="dermatitis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dermatitis</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dermatitis</span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah istilah umum yang
menggambarkan suatu peradangan pada kulit. Ada berbagai jenis dermatitis,
termasuk </span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1876/dermatitis-atopik-eksim/" title="dermatitis seboroik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dermatitis seboroik</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1876/dermatitis-atopik-eksim/" title="dermatitis atopik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dermatitis atopik</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1051/eksim/" title="eksim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">eksim</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Meskipun gangguan tersebut dapat memiliki banyak penyebab dan terjadi
dalam berbagai bentuk, gambaran klinis yang ditimbulkan antara lain bengkak,
memerah dan kulit gatal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dermatitis adalah istilah yang luas
yang mencakup berbagai gangguan yang semua mengakibatkan ruam, merah gatal.
Beberapa jenis dermatitis hanya mempengaruhi bagian tertentu dari tubuh,
sedangkan yang lain dapat terjadi di mana saja. Beberapa jenis dermatitis
memiliki penyebab yang diketahui, sedangkan yang lainnya tidak. Namun, <b>penyakit
dermatitis</b> selalu berhubungan dengan kulit yang bereaksi terhadap
kekeringan berat, menggaruk, zat iritasi, atau alergen. Biasanya, substansi
yang datang dalam kontak langsung dengan kulit, tetapi kadang-kadang substansi
juga datang karena ditelan (seperti alergi makanan). Dalam semua kasus,
menggaruk terus menerus atau menggosok akhirnya dapat menyebabkan penebalan dan
pengerasan kulit.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">GEJALA</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dimanapun lokasi timbulnya eksim,
gejala utama yang dirasakan pasien adalah gatal. Terkadang rasa gatal sudah
muncul sebelum ada tanda kemerahan pada kulit. Gejala kemerahan biasanya akan
muncul pada wajah, lutut, tangan dan kaki, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan
kemerahan muncul di daerah lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daerah yang terkena akan terasa
sangat kering, menebal atau keropeng. Pada orang kulit putih, daerah ini pada
mulanya akan berwarna merah muda lalu berubah menjadi cokelat. Sementara itu
pada orang dengan kulit lebih gelap, eksim akan mempengaruhi pigmen kulit
sehingga daerah eksim akan tampak lebih terang atau lebih gelap.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis
Atopik : Bisa terjadi pada bayi yang disebut eksim susu. Timbul disekitar pipi
dan bibir. Sedang pada anak dapat dijumpai didaerah lipatan siku . Dermatitis
Kontak : Pada bayi yang menggunakan popok sekali pakai bisa terkena dermatitis
kontak karena popok terlalu lembab dan kontak langsung dengan air kemih
berjam-jam sehingga timbul gejala kemerahan pada lipatan paha dan pantat.
Dermatitis Numularis Gejala pada kulit tampak bulat seperti uang logam,
kemerahan, bengkak dan berisi cairan dan penderita merasa sangat gatal</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENYEBAB </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penyebab dari eksim sebenarnya belum
diketahui dengan pasti, namun beberapa ahli mencurigai eksim berhubungan dengan
aktifitas daya pertahanan tubuh (imun) yang berlebihan. Hal ini menyebabkan
tubuh mengalami reaksi berlebihan terhadap bakteri atau iritan yang sebenarnya
tidak berbahaya pada kulit. Oleh karena itu, eksim banyak ditemukan pada
keluarga dengan riwayat penyakit alergi atau asma.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tiap – tiap orang mempunyai pencetus
eksim yang berbeda beda. Ada orang yang setelah memegang sabun atau deterjen
akan merasakan gatal yang luar biasa, ada pula yang disebabkan oleh bahan atau
alat rumah tangga yang lain. Gejala yang timbul pun bervariasi, ada yang
gatalnya ringan tetapi rasa panas yang dominan, ada pula yang sebaliknya.
Infeksi saluran nafas bagian atas atau flu juga bisa menjadi pencetus timbulnya
eksim. Stress yang dialami penderita akan membuat gejala menjadi lebih buruk.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meskipun penyembuhan eksim sangat
sulit dilakukan, namun pada banyak kasus, pasien dapat mengurangi terjadinya
kekambuhan dengan melakukan pengobatan yang tepat dan menghindari
iritan/alergen yang menyebabkan eksim. Perlu diingat, penyakit ini tidak
menular dan tidak akan menyebar dari satu orang ke orang yang lain.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PATOFISIOLOGI</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis Kontak</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat 2 tipe dermatitis kontak yang disebabkan oleh zat
yang berkontak dengan kulit yaitu dermatitis kontak iritan dan dermatitis
kontak alergik.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermaitis Kontak Iritan :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kulit berkontak dengan zat iritan
dalam waktu dan konsentrasi cukup, umumnya berbatas relatif tegas. Paparan
ulang akan menyebabkan proses menjadi kronik dan kulit menebal disebut skin
hardering.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis Kontak Alergik :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Batas tak tegas. Proses yang
mendasarinya ialah reaksi hipersensitivitas. Lokalisasi daerah terpapar, tapi
tidak tertutup kemungkinan di daerah lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis Atopik</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bersifat kronis dengan eksaserbasi akut, dapat terjadi
infeksi sekunder. Riwayat stigmata atopik pada penderita atau keluarganya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis Numularis</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelainan terdiri dari eritema, edema, papel, vesikel, bentuk
numuler, dengan diameter bervariasi 5 – 40 mm. Bersifat membasah (oozing),
batas relatif jelas, bila kering membentuk krusta. bagian tubuh</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis Statis</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akibat bendungan, tekanan vena makin meningkat sehingga
memanjang dan melebar. Terlihat berkelok-kelok seperti cacing (varises). Cairan
intravaskuler masuk ke jaringan dan terjadilah edema. Timbul keluhan rasa berat
bila lama berdiri dan rasa kesemutan atau seperti ditusuk-tusuk. Terjadi
ekstravasasi eritrosit dan timbul purpura. Bercak-bercak semula tampak merah
berubah menjadi hemosiderin. Akibat garukan menimbulkan erosi, skuama. Bila
berlangsung lama, edema diganti jaringan ikat sehingga kulit teraba kaku, warna
kulit lebih hitam</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis Seiboroika</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merupakan
penyakit kronik, residif, dan gatal. Kelainan berupa skuama kering, basah atau
kasar; krusta kekuningan dengan bentuk dan besar bervariasi.Tempat kulit
kepala, alis, daerah nasolabial belakang telinga, lipatan mammae, presternal,
ketiak, umbilikus, lipat bokong, lipat paha dan skrotum.Pada kulit kepala terdapat
skuama kering dikenal sebagai dandruff dan bila basah disebutpytiriasis
steatoides ; disertai kerontokan rambut. Lesi dapat menjalar ke dahi, belakang
telinga, tengkuk, serta oozing (membasah), da menjadi nkeadaan eksfoliatif
generalisata. Pada bayi dapat terjadi eritroderma deskuamativa atau disebut
penyakit Leiner.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FASE
PENYAKIT DERMATITIS</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada dua
fase yang biasanya dialami oleh penderita dermatitis. Pertama,Fase anak, fase
ini dimulai dengan munculnya dermatitis sub akut. Jenis dermatitis ini cenderung
lebih kering. Dermatitis ini sering muncul di lipat siku/lutut. Kedua,
Fase dewasa, fase ini disertai dengan munculnya hiperpigmentasi (kelebihan
pigmen pada kulit yang bisa menyebabkan warna hitam pada bekas luka yang
terinfeksi), hiperkeratosis dan likenifikasi (penebalan kulit dan bertambah
jelasnya garis-garis normal kulit).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk
mencegahnya penyakit ini ada beberapa macam cara penanganan diantaranya
adalah pemeriksaan hispatologi (lesi akut,kronik) dan melakukan serangkaian uji
tusuk dan tempel (reaksi positif setelah 24 – 48 jam). </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">G.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FAKTOR
RISIKO</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seringkali
terjadi pada penderita rinitis alergika atau penderita asma dan pada
orang-orang yang anggota keluarganya ada yang menderita rinitis alergika atau
asma. Berbagai keadaan yang bisa memperburuk dermatitis atopik :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stres
emosional.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan
suhu atau kelembaban udara.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Infeksi
kulit oleh bakteri.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kontak
dengan bahan pakaian yang bersifat iritan (terutama wol).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
beberapa anak-anak, alergi makanan bisa memicu terjadinya dermatitis .</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">H.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KOMPLIKASI</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dapat
terjadi komplikasi yaitu infeksi bakteri. Gejalanya berupa bintik-bintik yang
mengeluarkan nanah. Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening sehingga penderita
mengalami demam dan lesu.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAGAIMANA DERMATITIS TERJADI ?</span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
mungkin merupakan reaksi singkat untuk substansi. Dalam kasus seperti itu dapat
menghasilkan gejala-gejala, seperti gatal dan kemerahan, hanya beberapa jam
atau hanya satu atau dua hari. Dermatitis kronis bertahan selama jangka waktu
tertentu. Tangan dan kaki sangat rentan terhadap dermatitis kronis, karena
tangan sering kontak dengan zat-zat asing dan kaki berada di bagian bawah yang
kondisinya hangat lembab sehingga penggunaan kaus kaki dan sepatu dapat
mendukung pertumbuhan jamur.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis
kronis dapat mewakili salah satu kontak, jamur, atau </span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1034/penyakit-kulit/" title="penyakit kulit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">penyakit kulit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
lainnya yang tidak cukup di diagnosis atau diobati, atau mungkin salah satu
dari beberapa kelainan kulit kronis yang tidak diketahui asalnya. Karena
dermatitis kronis menghasilkan retak dan lecet di kulit, semua jenis dermatitis
kronis dapat menyebabkan infeksi bakteri. Terdapat berbagai jenis </span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1870/dermatitis-peradangan-pada-kulit/" title="penyakit dermatitis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">penyakit dermatitis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, namun
dermatitis kontak dan dermatitis atopik merupakan jenis yang paling sering
ditemukan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">J.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENCEGAHAN</span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hindari
kontak dengan iritan atau allergen. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jika
anda alergi maka hindarilah faktor pencetus alergi, seperti debu,bulu
binatang</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika
gatal, jangan menggaruk karena dapat terjadi luka, radang dan bernanah</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hindari
stres dan menjalankan pola hidup yang sehat</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jaga
kebersihan diri dan lingkungan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaga kelembaban kult dengan
cara menghndari perubahan suhu.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hindari berkeringat terlalu
banyak atau kepanasan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hindari sabun dengan bahan
yang terlalu keras</span></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">K.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PEMERIKSAAN
PENUNJANG</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Laboratorium </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Darah : Hb, leukosit, hitung jenis,
trombosit, elektrolit, protein total, albumin, globulin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Urin : pemerikasaan histopatologi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penunjang
: pemeriksaan histopatologi</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">L.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGOBATAN</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan utama dari pengobatan adalah
menghilangkan rasa gatal untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi. Ketika kulit terasa
sangat kering dan gatal, lotion dan krim pelembab sangat dianjurkan untuk
membuat kulit menjadi lebih lembab. Tindakan ini biasanya dilakukan saat kulit
masih sedikit basah, seperti saat habis mandi sehingga lotion yang dioleskan
akan mempertahankan kelembaban kulit. Kompres dingin juga diduga dapat
mengurangi rasa gatal yang terjadi.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>Krim atau salep kortikosteroid seperti hydrokortison bisa mengurangi ruam dan mengendalikan rasa gatal. </em></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>Krim
kortikosteroid yang dioleskan pada daerah yang luas atau dipakai dalam
jangka panjang bisa menyebabkan masalah kesehatan yang serius, karena obat
ini diserap ke dalam aliran darah. </em></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>Untuk
kasus kasus yang berat, dokter akan memberikan tablet kortikosteroid dan
apabila pada daerah eksim telah terinfeksi maka bisa diberikan antibiotika
untuk membunuh bakteri penyebab infeksi</em></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>.
Mengoleskan jeli minyak atau minyak sayur bisa membantu menjaga kehalusan
dan kelembaban kulit</em></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>Pada
beberapa penderita, ruam semakin memburuk setelah mereka mandi, bahkan
sabun dan air menyebabkan kulit menjadi kering dan penggosokan dengan
handuk bisa menyebabkan iritasi. Karena itu dianjurkan untuk lebih jarang
mandi, tidak terlau kuat mengusap-usap kulit dengan handuk dan mengoleskan
minyak atau pelumas yang tidak berbau (misalnya krim pelembab kulit).</em></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>Antihistamin (difenhidramin, hidroksizin) bisa mengendalikan rasa gatal, terutama dengan efek sedatifnya. obat ini menyebabkan kantuk, </em></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>jadi
sebaiknya diminum menjelang tidur malam hari. Kuku jari tangan sebaiknya
tetap pendek untuk mengurangi kerusakan kulit akibat garukan dan
mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya infeksi </em></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>dan cyclosporin untuk penderita yang tidak
berespon terhadap semua jenis pengobatan yang diberikan.</em></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><em>Penderita
sebaiknya belajar mengenali tanda-tanda dari infeksi kulit pada dermatitis
atopik (yaitu kulit bertambah merah, pembengkakan, terdapat gurat-gurat
merah dan demam). Jika terjadi infeksi, berikan antibiotik.</em></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">M.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">JENIS – JENIS DERMATITIS</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis penyakit yang sering disebut
dengan eksim oleh kebanyakan orang ini, mempunyai beberapa jenis diantaranya </span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1876/dermatitis-atopik-eksim/" title="dermatitis seboroik"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dermatitis
seboroik</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> , </span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1876/dermatitis-atopik-eksim/" title="dermatitis atopik"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dermatitis
atopik</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://turunberatbadan.com/1051/eksim/" title="eksim"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">eksim</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>dermatitis kontak.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DERMATITIS KONTAK</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis kontak</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah inflamasi pada kulit yang
terjadi karena kulit telah terpapar oleh bahan yang mengiritasi kulit atau
menyebabkan reaksi alergi. Dermatitis kontak akan menyebabkan ruam yang besar,
gatal dan rasa terbakar dan hal ini akan bertahan sampai berminggu-minggu.
Gejala dermatitis kontak akan menghilang bila kulit sudah tidak terpapar oleh
bahan yang mengiritasi kulit tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis dibagi menjadi 2 :</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis
Kontak Iritan ( DKI )</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis
kontak iritan dicetuskan dari paparan ke bahan yang toksin atau iritatif ke
kulit manusia, dan tidak disebabkan reaksi alergi. DKI terjadi seringkali
karena paparan sabun dan deterjen</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Epidemiologi dan etiologi</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis
kontak iritan dapat diderita oleh semua orang dari berbagai golongan umur, ras,
dan jenis kelamin. Penyebab munculnya dermatitis jenis ini ialah bahan yang
bersifat iritan, misalnya bahan pelarut, detergen, minyak pelumas, asam,
alkali, dan serbuk kayu. Kelainan kulit yang terjadi selain ditentukan oleh
ukuran molekul, daya larut, konsentrasi, kohikulum, serta suhu bahan iritan
tersebut, juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Faktor yang dimaksud yaitu : lama
kontak, kekerapan (terus-menerus atau berselang) adanya oklusi menyebabkan
kulit lebih permeabel, demikian juga gesekan dan trauma fisis. Suhu dan
kelembaban lingkungan juga ikut berperan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faktor
individu juga berpengaruh pada dermatitis kontak iritan,</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gejala klinis</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dermatitis
kontak iritan juga ada dua macam yaitu dermatitis kontak iritan akut dan
dermatitis kontak iritan kronis. Dermatititis kontak iritan akut Penyebabnya
iritan kuat, biasanya karena kecelakaan. Kulit terasa pedih atau panas,
eritema, vesikel, atau bula. Dermatitis kontak iritan kronis ialah dermatitis
iritan kumulatif, disebabkan oleh kontak dengan iritan lembah yang
berulang-ulang (oleh faktor fisik, misalnya gesekan, trauma mikro, kelembaban
rendah, panas atau dingin; juga bahan contohnya detergen, sabun, pelarut,
tanah, bahkan juga air).</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengobatan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Upaya
pengobatan dermatitis kontak iritan yang terpenting adalah menyingkirkan
pajanan bahan iritan, baik yang bersifat mekanik, fisik maupun kimiawi.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DERMATITIS
KONTAK ALERGI (DKA)</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dermatitis
kontak alergi adalah reaksi kekebalan tubuh yang terjadi pada seseorang yang
terlalu sensitif terhadap bahan kimia tertentu. Pada DKA, peradangan mungkin
belum terjadi sampai 24 ? 36 jam jam setelah kontak dengan bahan kimia
tersebut. Bentuk alergi berbeda dari satu orang ke orang lain. Dermatitis
kontak biasanya hanya terjadi di tempat yang berkontak langsung dengan allergen</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gejala dan
tanda dematitis kontak antara lain:</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bintik-bintik atau benjolan
kemerahan</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gatal dan bengkak</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keluar cairan dari kulit yang
terkena atau timbul lenting-lenting dan bula pada kasus yang berat</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemerahan atau lenting pada kulit
terbatas pada area yang terkena saja</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Epidemiolgi Dan Etiologi</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bila
dibandingkan dengan dermatitis kontak iritan, jumlah penderita dermatitis
kontak alergik lebih sedikit. Penyebab dermatitis kontak alergik adalah
alergen, paling sering berupa bahan kimia dengan berat molekul kurang dari
500-1000 Da, yang juga disebut bahan kimia sederhana. Dermatitis yang timbul
dipengaruhi oleh potensi sensitisasi alergen, derajat pajanan, dan luasnya
penetrasi di kulit</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gejala Klinis</span></b></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tangan. Kejadian dermatitis kontak
baik iritan maupun alergik paling sering di tangan, misalnya pada ibu rumah
tangga. Demikian pula kebanyakan dermatitis kontak akibat kerja ditemukan di
tangan. Sebagian besar memang oleh karena bahan iritan. Bahan penyebabnya
misalnya deterjen, antiseptik, getah sayuran/tanaman, semen, dan pestisida.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lengan. Alergen umumnya sama dengan
pada tangan, misalnya oleh jam tangan (nikel), sarung tangan karet, debu semen,
dan tanaman.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wajah. Dermatitis kontak pada wajah
dapat disebabkan oleh bahan kosmetik, obat topikal, alergen yang di udara,
nekel (tangkai kaca mata). Bila di bibir atau sekitarnya mungkin disebabkan
oleh lipstik, pasta gigi, getah buah-buahan. – Leher. Penyebanya kalung dari
nikel, cat kuku (yang berasal dari ujung jari), parfum, alergen di udara, zat
warna pakaian.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Badan. Dermatitis kontak di badan
dapat disebabkan oleh pakaian, zat warna, kancing logam, karet (elastis, busa),
plastik, dan detergen.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Genitalia. Penyebabnya dapat
antiseptik, obat topikal, nilon, kondom, pembalut wanita, dan alergen yang ada
di tangan.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Paha dan tungkai bawah. Dermatitis
di tempat ini dapat disebabkan oleh pakaian, dompet, kunci (nikel) di saku,
kaos kaki nilon, obat topikal (misalnya anestesi lokal, neomisin,
etilendiamin), semen, dan sepatu.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengobatan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hal yang
perlu diperhatikan pada pengobatan dermatitis kontak adalah upaya pencegahan
terulangnya kontak kembali dengan alergen penyebab, dan menekan kelainan kulit
yang timbul dan pemberian obat Kortikosteoroid untuk mengatasi peradangan.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DERMATITIS SEBOROIK</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dermatitis Seboroik
(Seborrhoeic Dermatitis, Seborrheic Dermatitis) merupakan peradangan permukaan
kulit berbentuk lesi squamosa (bercak disertai semacam sisik), bersifat kronis,
yang sering terjadi di area kulit berambut dan area kulit yang banyak
mengandung kelenjar sebasea ( kelenjar minyak, lemak ), seperti kulit kepala,
wajah, tubuh bagian atas dan area pelipatan tubuh (ketiak, selangkangan,
pantat).</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Angka Kejadian</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Prevalensi Dermatitis Seboroik diperkirakan sekitar
3-5 %. Jika ketombe yang merupakan Dermatitis Seboroik ringan ditambahkan,
angka kejadian mencapai 15-20 %. Dermatitis Seboroik dapat dialami oleh semua
ras.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan usia, Dermatitis Seboroik dapat terjadi
pada semua umur, terutama usia pubertas hingga usia 40 tahun. Pada bayi,
Dermatitis Seboroik kerap dijumpai di area kepala dan pelipatan tubuh.
Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, Dermatitis Seboroik sedikit lebih banyak dialami
pria ketimbang wanita.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penyebab</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penyebab Dermatitis Seboroik hingga kini belum
diketahui secara pasti. Faktor-faktor yang diduga sebagai penyebab Dermatitis
Seboroik, antara lain: infeksi jamur <i>Malassezia ovale</i>, faktor imunologi,
iklim, genetik, lingkungan, hormonal, dan aktifitas kelenjar sebasea yang
berlebihan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selain itu, beberapa obat-obat tertentu diduga
memicu terjadinya Dermatitis Seboroik, seperti: <i>auranofin, aurothioglucose,
buspirone, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, ethionamide, griseofulvin, haloperidol,
interferon alfa, lithium, methoxsalen, methyldopa, phenothiazines, psoralens,
stanozolol, thiothixene, dan trioxsalen</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gejala</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dermatitis Seboroik relatif mudah dikenali karena
tandanya yang khas, yakni dijumpainya krusta (bercak disertai semacam sisik)
berminyak.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gejala
Pada Bayi:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di area kepala (bagian depan dan
samping) ditandai: krusta tebal, pecah-pecah, berwarna kekuningan dan
berminyak. Tanda ini disebut cradle cap karena bentuknya yang mirip topi
menutupi kulit kepala.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di bagian tubuh yang lain, ditandai:
ruam berwarna kemerahan, merah kekuningan, dengan krusta berminyak yang
menutupi permukaannya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gejala Pada Dewasa:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keluhan gatal</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peradangan pada area seboroik dengan
gambaran berbagai bentuk lesi, berwarna kemerahan atau kekuningan disertai
dengan adanya skuama, krusta, basah berminyak, dan bisa juga kering.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Residif (mudah kambuh) dan bersifat
kronis. Diduga behubungan dengan faktor stress, kelelahan, sinar matahari dan
iklim.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengobatan</span></b></div>
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<span style="display: none; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hide: all;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada dasarnya, pengobatan Dermatitis
Seboroik ditujukan untuk menghilangkan penyebabnya, jika penyebabnya diketahui,
dan untuk meredakan gejalanya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Obat Minum ( sistemik ):</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Antihistamin untuk meredakan gatal
dan reaksi alergi, misalnya: Loratadine 10 mg, Cetirizine 10 mg atau
antihisamin golongan lainnya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Steroid, digunakan pada Dermatitis
Seboroik yang berat. Pada pemakaian <i>jangka lama</i>, steroid digunakan
secara <i>tappering down</i>, yakni dosis obat diturunkan secara bertahap dan
berkala.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Antibiotika, digunakan jika
Dermatitis Seboroik disertai infeksi sekunder oleh kuman akibat garukan,
gesekan, dan lain-lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Obat Topikal ( <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">obat luar: salep, krim, gel, lotion, shampo,
dll </span>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Krim atau salep steroid. Pada area
wajah digunakan steroid potensi rendah agar kulit wajah tidak menipis pada
penggunaan jangka lama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Krim atau salep yang mengandung asam
salisilat 2-5%, atau sulfur 4%, atau ter 2%, atau ketokonazole 2%, atau obat
kombinasi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Shampo yang mengandung asam
salisilat, sulfur, selenium sulfida 2%, zinc pirition 1-2 %. Digunakan untuk
keramas 2-3 kali seminggu selama 5-10 menit, kemudian dibilas dengan air bersih.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencegahan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sedapat mungkin penderita Dermatitis Seboroik
mengamati pemicu timbulnya kekambuhan. Jika sudah mengenali pemicunya,
diupayakan untuk mencegah paparan faktor pemicu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada umumnya penderita Dermatitis Seboroik mengalami
kesulitan mengenali pemicu timbulnya kekambuhan. Hal ini wajar mengingat
beragamnya faktor-faktor pemicu. Kalaupun faktor pemicunya dapat dikenali, tak
jarang penderita sulit menghindarinya, terutama jika faktor-faktor pemicu
tersebut merupakan bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari, misalnya stress, iklim
dan sejenisnya.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DERMATITIS
ATOPI</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">penyakit dermatitis atopi, pada jenis penyakit dermatitis
ini, merupakan keadaan dimana terjadi peradangan kulit kronis dan residif,
disertai gatal. Penyakit ini biasanya mempunyai riwayat / stigmata atopi (
sekelompok penyakit pada individu yang mempunyai riwayat kepekaan terhadap
alergen dalam keluarganya, misalnya asma, bronchial,rintis alergik).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyabab</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Meskipun merupakan penyakit warisan, eksim terutama
diperburuk oleh kontak dengan alergen atau asupan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hal ini juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang
mempengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh seperti stres atau kelelahan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Eksim atopik terdiri dari peradangan kronis, sering
terjadi pada orang dengan riwayat gangguan alergi seperti asma atau demam
jerami. Tidak ada penyebab tertentu dermatitis atopik. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">LANDASAN
TEORI ASKEP</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PENGKAJIAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Identitas
Pasien</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Keluhan
Utama :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Biasanya
pasien mengeluh gatal, rambut rontok</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Riwayat
Kesehatan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Riwayat
Penyakit Sekarang :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tanyakan
sejak kapan pasien merasakan keluhan seperti yang ada pada keluhan utama dan
tindakan apa saja yang dilakukan pasien untuk menanggulanginya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Riwayat
Penyakit Dahulu :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Apakah
pasien dulu pernah menderita penyakit seperti ini atau penyakit kulit lainnya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Riwayat
Penyakit Keluarga :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Apakah
ada keluarga yang pernah menderita penyakit seperti ini atau penyakit kulit
lainnya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Riwayat
Psikososial :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Apakah
pasien merasakan kecemasan yang berlebihan. Apakah sedang mengalami stress yang
berkepanjangan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Riwayat
Pemakaian Obat :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Apakah
pasien pernah menggunakan obat-obatan yang dipakai pada kulit, atau pernahkah
pasien tidak tahan (alergi) terhadap sesuatu obat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo25; mso-text-indent-alt: -13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">POLA FUNGSIONAL GORDON</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Persepsi dan Penanganan
Kesehatan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Persepsi terhadap penyakit :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan kepada klien pendapatnya
mengenai kesehatan dan penyakit. Apakah pasien langsung mencari pengobatan atau
menunggu sampai penyakit tersebut mengganggu aktivitas pasien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan tentang penggunaan
obat-obat tertentu (misalnya antidepresan trisiklik, antihistamin, fenotiasin,
inhibitor monoamin oksidase ( MAO), antikolinergik dan antispasmotik dan obat
anti-parkinson</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan tentang penggunaan alcohol,
dan tembakau untuk mengetahui gaya hidup klien.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Nutrisi/Metabolisme</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan bagaimana pola dan porsi
makan sehari-hari klien ( pagi, siang dan malam )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan bagaimana nafsu makan
klien, apakah ada mual muntah, pantangan atau alergi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan apakah klien mengalami
gangguan dalam menelan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan apakah klien sering
mengkonsumsi buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran yang mengandung vitamin antioksidant</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Eliminasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan bagaimana pola BAK dan BAB,
warna dan karakteristiknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berapa kali miksi dalam sehari,
karakteristik urin dan defekasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adakah masalah dalam proses miksi
dan defekasi, adakah penggunaan alat bantu untuk miksi dan defekasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Aktivitas/Olahraga</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan aktivitas biasanya/hobi
sehubungan dengan gangguan pada kulit</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekuatan Otot :Biasanya klien tidak
ada masalah dengan kekuatan ototnya karena yang terganggu adalah kulitnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keluhan Beraktivitas : kaji keluhan
klien saat beraktivitas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Istirahat/Tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kebiasaan : tanyakan lama, kebiasaan
dan kualitas tidur pasien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masalah Pola Tidur : Tanyakan apakah
terjadi masalah istirahat/tidur yang berhubungan dengan gangguan pada kulit</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bagaimana perasaan klien setelah
bangun tidur? Apakah merasa segar atau tidak?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Kognitif/Persepsi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaji status mental klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaji kemampuan berkomunikasi dan
kemampuan klien dalam memahami sesuatu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaji tingkat anxietas klien
berdasarkan ekspresi wajah, nada bicara klien. Identifikasi penyebab kecemasan
klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaji penglihatan dan pendengaran
klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaji apakah klien mengalami vertigo</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaji nyeri : Gejalanya yaitu timbul
gatal-gatal atau bercak merah pada kulit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Persepsi dan Konsep Diri</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan pada klien bagaimana klien
menggambarkan dirinya sendiri, apakah kejadian yang menimpa klien mengubah
gambaran dirinya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan apa yang menjadi pikiran
bagi klien, apakah merasa cemas, depresi atau takut</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apakah ada hal yang menjadi
pikirannya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Peran Hubungan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan apa pekerjaan pasien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan tentang system pendukung
dalam kehidupan klien seperti: pasangan, teman, dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan apakah ada masalah keluarga
berkenaan dengan perawatan penyakit klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Seksualitas/Reproduksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo40; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan masalah seksual klien yang
berhubungan dengan penyakitnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo40; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan kapan klien mulai menopause
dan masalah kesehatan terkait dengan menopause</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo40; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan apakah klien mengalami
kesulitan/perubahan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan seks</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola
Koping-Toleransi Stres</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan dan kaji perhatian utama
selama dirawat di RS ( financial atau perawatan diri )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaji keadan emosi klien sehari-hari
dan bagaimana klien mengatasi kecemasannya (mekanisme koping klien ). Apakah
ada penggunaan obat untuk penghilang stress atau klien sering berbagi masalahnya
dengan orang-orang terdekat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola
Keyakinan-Nilai</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo42; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanyakan agama klien dan apakah ada
pantangan-pantangan dalam beragama serta seberapa taat klien menjalankan ajaran
agamanya. Orang yang dekat kepada Tuhannya lebih berfikiran positif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo25; mso-text-indent-alt: -13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PEMERIKSAAN
FISIK</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Subjektif :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gatal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Objektif :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Skuama kering, basah atau kasar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Krusta kekuningan dengan bentuk dan
besar bervariasi ( Yang sering ditemui pada kulit kepala, alis, daerah
nasolabial belakang telinga, lipatan mammae, presternal, ketiak, umbilikus,
lipat bokong, lipat paha dan skrotum )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kerontokan rambut</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo25; mso-text-indent-alt: -13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ganguan integritas kulit
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.d kekeringan pada kulit</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kriteria hasil :</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
klien akan mempertahankan kulit agar mempunyai hidrasi yang baik dan turunnya
peradangan, ditandai dengan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengungkapkan peningkatan kenyamanan
kulit</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berkurangnya derajat pengelupasan
kulit</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berkurangnnya kemerahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berkurangnya lecet karena garukan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyembuhan area kulit yang telah
rusak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intervensi
:</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mandi paling tidak sekali sehari
selama 15 – 20 menit. Segera oleskan salep atau krim yang telah diresepkan
setelah mandi. Mandi lebih sering jika tanda dan gejala meningkat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dengan mandi air akan meresap dalam saturasi kulit.
Pengolesan krim pelembab selama 2 – 4 menit setelah mandi untuk mencegah penguapan
air dari kulit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gunakan air hangat jangan panas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> air panas menyebabkan vasodilatasi yang akan meningkatkan
pruritus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gunakan sabun yang mengandung
pelembab atau sabun untuk kulit sensitive. Hindari mandi busa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> sabun yang mengandung pelembab lebih sedikit kandungan
alkalin dan tidak membuat kulit kering, sabun kering dapat meningkatkan
keluhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oleskan/berikan salep atau krim yang
telah diresepkan 2 atau tiga kali per hari.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 67.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> salep atau krim akan melembabkan kulit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Resiko kerusakan kulit b.d terpapar
alergen</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kriteria
hasil :</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> klien akan mempertahankan
integritas kulit, ditandai dengan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menghindari alergen</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intervensi
:</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ajari klien menghindari atau
menurunkan paparan terhadap alergen yang telah diketahui. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> menghindari alergen akan menurunkan respon alergi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Baca label makanan kaleng </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> agar terhindar dari bahan makan yang mengandung allergen</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hindari binatang peliharaan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> jika alergi terhadap bulu binatang sebaiknya hindari
memelihara binatang atau batasi keberadaan binatang di sekitar area rumah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gunakan penyejuk ruangan (AC) di
rumah atau di tempat kerja, bila memungkinkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> AC membantu menurunkan paparan terhadap beberapa alergen
yang ada di lingkungan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan rasa nyaman b.d pruritus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kriteria
hasil :</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> klien menunjukkan berkurangnya
pruritus, ditandai dengan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berkurangnya lecet akibat garukan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Klien tidur nyenyak tanpa terganggu
rasa gatal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Klien mengungkapkan adanya
peningkatan rasa nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intervensi
:</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jelaskan gejala gatal berhubungan
dengan penyebanya (misal keringnya kulit) dan prinsip terapinya (misal hidrasi)
dan siklus gatal-garuk-gatal-garuk. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dengan mengetahui proses fisiologis dan psikologis dan
prinsip gatal serta penangannya akan meningkatkan rasa kooperatif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cuci semua pakaian sebelum digunakan
untuk menghilangkan formaldehid dan bahan kimia lain serta hindari menggunakan
pelembut pakaian buatan pabrik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> pruritus sering disebabkan oleh dampak iritan atau allergen
dari bahan kimia atau komponen pelembut pakaian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gunakan deterjen ringan dan bilas
pakaian untuk memastikan sudah tidak ada sabun yang tertinggal. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi
:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> bahan yang tertinggal (deterjen) pada pencucian pakaian
dapat menyebabkan iritas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
</div>
Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-68226746973561457062013-06-12T10:03:00.000-07:002013-06-12T10:03:22.164-07:00KTI POST OP SECTIO CAESAREA
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; tab-stops: center 206.75pt left 369.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA KLIEN NY. J</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; tab-stops: center 206.75pt left 369.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">DENGAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">POST </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">OP </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">SECTIO CAESAREA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; tab-stops: center 206.75pt left 369.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">DI RUANG PERAWATAN NIFAS</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; tab-stops: center 206.75pt left 369.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">RSUD SYEKH YUSUF GOWA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; tab-stops: center 206.75pt left 369.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">TAHUN 2012</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">KARYA TULIS ILMIAH</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">ELVIRA NINGSI KIDING</span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">NIM.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">209.025</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">YAYASAN PERGURUAN PUTRA
PERTIWI PUSAT MAKASSAR</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">AKPER PUTRA PERTIWI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">GOWA</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">2012</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></b><b><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ABSTRAK</span></b></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Asuhan keperawatan pada klien </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ny. J</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dengan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> kasus “</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Post Op Sectio Caesarea</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">” </span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">di</span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">R</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ua</span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ng</span><span lang="IT" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perawatan Nifas </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">RS</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">UD SYEKH YUSUF GOWA</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dibimbing oleh Muh.Isnaini S.Kep,.Ns dan</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Syaharuddin S.Kep</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">113 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Halaman + </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">xiv.</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sectio caesaria </span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">adalah suatu pembedahan
guna melahirkan anak lewat insisi pada dinding abdomen dan uterus. <i>Sectio
caesarea </i>ini diperlukan jika persalinan per vaginam tidak mungkin
dilakukan, dengan keadaan abnormalitas pada bayi, ibu yang memiliki kelainan
plasenta, perdarahan hebat dan mencegah kematian janin Banyak faktor yang
menyebabkan diambilnya tindakan sectio caesaria yaitu faktor ibu, faktor janin,
factor jalan lahir, berdasarkan partograf, partus kasep dan kegagalan.
Disamping itu, perhatian terhadap kualitas kehidupan dan pengembangan
intelektual pada bayi telah memperluas indikasi <i>post sectio caesaria. </i>Menurut
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who Health Organization</i> (WHO) wanita
yang meninggal akibat komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan dengan 529.000
kematian permenitnya dan presentase operasi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sectio
caesarea</i> lebih dari 10-15% pertahunnya. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who
Health Organization</i> (WHO) memperkirakan bahwa rata-rata bedah <i>sectio
caesarea</i> ada di antara 10% dan 15% dari seluruh kelahiran di negara-negara
berkembang. Angka kematian ibu di Indonesia tertinggi di kawasan Asia Tenggara
(ASEAN). Jumlahnya mencapai 228 dari 100.000 kelahiran hidup, Ditinjau dari
HDI, Indonesia menduduki ranking 109 dari 174 negara<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jauh tertinggal dari Negara-negara ASEAN
lainnya. Menurut data yang diperoleh dari Medical Record (Rekam Medis) di Rumah
Sakit Umum Daerah Syekh Yusuf Gowa pada tahun 2011 diperoleh jumlah kasus
persalinan dengan Post Op SC sebanyak 89 kasus (3,28%) dari 2738 jumlah
persalinan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Adapun tujuan umum pada penulisan karya tulis ilmiah
ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran umum tentang pelaksanaan asuhan
keperawatan mulai dari pengkajian hingga pendokumentasian pada klien Ny.
”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea di
Ruang Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Menggunakan
metode Penulisan yaitu</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">waktu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">dan tempat </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">pelaksanaan pengambilan kasus,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> studi kepustakaan, studi kasus, studi dokumentasi, T</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">k</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">nik
pengumpulan data dengan cara </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">w</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">awancara, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">observasi, p</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">emeriksaan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">f</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">isik.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">Dalam menerapkan proses keperawatan khususnya pengkajian,
analisa data dan perumusan diagnosa pada klien dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;">Post Op Sectio Caesarea </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">diperlukan kecermatan dan ketelitian serta diperlukan pendekatan
interpersonal terhadap klien dan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>keluarga agar dapat diperoleh hasil pengkajian dan penetapan diagnosa
yang akurat berdasarkan keadaan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;">klien</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;"> dan dalam perencanaan perawatan pada klien </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;">Post Op Sectio Caesarea </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">berorientasi pada kebutuhan bio</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">–</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">psiko</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">–</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">sosial</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">–</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-width: 106%;">spiritual berdasarkan data pengkajian sehingga tindakan
menjadi lebih efisien dan efektif yang tidak selamanya harus mengikuti semua
perencanaan berdasarkan teori merujuk pada kebutuhan pasien.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kata kunci : </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Sectio Caesarea</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP</b></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">IDENTITAS</li>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nama<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:
Elvira Ningsi Kiding</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tempat/Tanggal Lahir<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Parepare, 26 September 1991</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Jenis Kelamin<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Perempuan</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Agama<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:
Kristen Protestan</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Suku/Bangsa<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Toraja/Indonesia</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alamat<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:
Jln. Jend. A. Yani</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">RIWAYAT PENDIDIKAN</li>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>SD<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">T</span>ahun 2003 tamat dari SD Katolik
Parepare</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>SLTP<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">T</span>ahun 2006 tamat dari SLTP Frater
Parepare</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>SMA<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">T</span>ahun 2009 tamat dari SMA Katolik
Makale</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengikuti pendidikan di Akademi Keperawatan Putra Pertiwi
Gowa (<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">T</span>ahun 2009 – 2012). </div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Puji dan syukur kami
panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas segala nikmat dan karunia–Nya
serta rahmat yang tiada henti – hentinya dilimpahkan kepada penulis, sehingga
dapat menyelesaikan Karya Tulis Ilmiah (KTI) walau hanya dalam untaian kata
sederhana yang merupakan salah satu persyaratan penting dalam menyelesaikan
pendidikan program DIII Keperawatan Akper Putra Pertiwi Gowa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ucapan syukur kehadirat
Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah jadi petunjuk jalan terang bagi seluruh umat
manusia dan tidak ada manusia yang mampu menjadi petunjuk selain beliau.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyusunan karya tulis
ini bermaksud untuk menguraikan secara singkat mengenai <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PERSALINAN PATOLOGIS DENGAN POST SECTIO CAESAREA
PADA NY. J DI RUANG PERAWATAN RSUD SYEKH YUSUF GOWA, pada tanggal 12 - 14 April
2012.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Walaupun dalam
penyusunan karya tulis ini penulis banyak menemukan kesulitan, namun berkat
bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak, maka karya tulis ilmiah ini dapat
diselesaikan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk itu dengan segala
kerendahan hati penulis senantiasa menghantarkan ucapan terima kasih yang tidak
terhingga kepada :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bapak H. Abd. Haris Machmud, S. Kp., M.
Kes. selaku ketua yayasan Akper Putra Pertiwi Gowa yang telah banyak memberi
nasehat, petunjuk dan bimbingan serta dorongan selama penulis mengikuti
pendidikan di Akademi Keperawatan Putra Pertiwi Gowa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bapak Muh. Isnaini, S. Kep., Ns. sebagai
direktur Akper Putra Pertiwi Gowa yang telah banyak memberi motivasi dan arahan
kepada penulis selama dalam pendidikan maupun dalam penyelesaian karya tulis
ilmiah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ireni Siampa, S. Kep., Ns</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ebagai pudir 1 Akper Putra Pertiwi Gowa
yang telah banyak memberi motivasi dan arahan kepada penulis selama dalam
pendidikan maupun dalam penyelesaian karya tulis ilmiah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bapak Muh. Isnaini, S.Kep, Ns dan
Syaharuddin, S.Kep selaku pembimbing dan penguji institusi yang telah banyak
meluangkan waktunya, betul</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> –
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">betul</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">t</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ela</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">t</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">e</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">n dengan penuh rasa tanggung jawab
membimbing, memberi saran, masukan dan begitu banyak kritik yang amat membantu
dalam menyelesaikan studi kasus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bapak dan Ibu dosen beserta Staf kampus
Akper Putra Pertiwi Gowa yang telah memberikan pengetahuan bimbingan serta
petunjuk kepada penulis selama mengikuti pendidikan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ibu Nurhana S.Kep.Ns.MARS, Martha
Iskandar S.Kep.Ns.MARS, serta </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ibu
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Muliana Sultani S.kep,Ns, terima kasih
atas segala bimbingan, arahan serta dorongan kepada penulis selama mengikuti
pendidikan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Semua CI lahan di RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa
yang telah memberikan bimbingan serta petunjuk selama penulis mengikuti praktek.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pihak RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa yang telah
memberi izin dan kesempatan kepada penulis, serta waktu dan tempat untuk
memperoleh data dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kedua Orang Tua ayahanda dan ibunda yang
tercinta yang dengan penuh kesabaran dan kasih sayang telah mengasuh, mendidik,
memberikan dorongan baik moril maupun materil dan semangat serta doa yang tulus
agar penulis dapat menjadi lebih baik sehingga dapat mengikuti pendidikan
sampai penyusunan Karya Tulis ini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Semua
keluarga tercinta yang senantiasa memberikan do’a dan restunya serta dorongan
baik secara moril maupun materil selama penulis mengikuti pendidikan sampai
selesai.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terkhusus
buat ketiga kakakku tercinta yang senantiasa memberikan doa dan restunya serta
dorongan baik secara moril maupun materil selama penulis mengikuti pendidikan
sampai selesai.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Klien
Ny. J beserta keluarga yang telah memberi informasi selama penulis melaksanakan
asuhan keperawatan. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terspesial
dan tercinta untuk seseorang (Azwar) yang telah mendampingi saya dan senantiasa
memberikan motivasi serta dorongan baik secara moril maupun materil sehingga
dapat menyelesaikan pendidikan dan penyusunan KTI ini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Buat
teman – teman seperjuangan dari Parepare yang selalu memberi semangat dan motivasinya
sehingga dapat menyelesaikan karya tulis ini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Reka</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">n – </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">rekan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ma</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ha</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">siswa dan mahasiswi Akper Putra Pertiwi
Gowa angkatan V yang telah membantu baik secara material maupun moril kepada
penulis sehingga KTI ini dapat terselesaikan sesuai waktu yang telah
ditentukan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tak ada gading yang tak
retak, tak ada manusia yang tak luput dari kesalahan dan kekhilafan. Tidak
dapat dipungkiri bahwa karya tulis ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Untuk itu
penulis mengharap saran dan kritikan yang bersifat membangun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: .5in;">
Semoga KTI ini dapat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat dan tenaga
perawat, khususnya dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan Post
Op Sectio Caesarea. Akhir kata semoga karya tulis ini dapat bermanfaat untuk
meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan sikap dan motivasi bagi tenaga
keperawatan.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sungguminasa, 17
Oktober<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2012</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Penulis, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> Elvira Ningsi Kiding</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB I</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Latar Belakang</span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kesejahteraan suatu bangsa salah satu indikatornya adalah
angka kematian maternal dan angka kematian neonatal. Disamping itu kejadian
kematian juga dapat digunakan sebagai indikator dalam penilaian keberhasilan
pelayanan kesehatan dan program pembangunan kesehatan lainnya. Angka kematian
pada umumnya dapat dihitung dengan melakukan berbagai survei dan penelitian.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Seorang bayi dalam kandungan membutuhkan waktu sembilan
bulan untuk pertumbuhan dan hanya dibutuhkan beberapa jam untuk melahirkannya
ke dunia. Namun begitu, beberapa jam inilah yang paling memenuhi pikiran para
ibu hamil (Murkoff, 2006).</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sectio
caesaria </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">adalah suatu pembedahan guna melahirkan anak lewat
insisi pada dinding abdomen dan uterus. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan
diambilnya tindakan sectio caesaria yaitu faktor ibu, faktor janin, factor
jalan lahir, berdasarkan partograf, partus kasep dan kegagalan. Angka <i>sectio
caesarea </i>terus meningkat dari insidensi 3–4% 15 tahun yang lampau sampai
insidensi 10–15% sekarang ini. Angka terakhir mungkin bisa diterima dan benar.
Bukan saja pembedahan menjadi lebih aman bagi ibu, tetapi juga anak ataupun
keduanya juga menjadi lebih aman. Disamping itu, perhatian terhadap kualitas
kehidupan dan pengembangan intelektual pada bayi telah memperluas indikasi <i>post
sectio caesaria </i>(Oxorn, 2010)</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tingkat kesakitan menurun setelah diperkenalkanya jahitan
rahim, tetapi tingkat kematian akibat infeksi tetap tinggi. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam
”<i>J</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ournal of the American Medical
Associstion”</i> menyataka bahwa wanita yang menjalani ”<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bedah cesar” </i>banyak yang meninggal akibat ”<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shock”</i> atau perdarahan karena menjahit rahim memiliki resiko
infeksi (Kaufmann, 2009).</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sectio
caesarea </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ini diperlukan jika persalinan per vaginam tidak
mungkin dilakukan, dengan keadaan abnormalitas pada bayi, ibu yang memiliki
kelainan plasenta, perdarahan hebat dan mencegah kematian janin (Liu,
2008). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Di Negara
Inggris ditemukan bahwa 45 % ibu yang pernah menjalani ”<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">operasi cesar” </i>melahirkan secara alamiah dengan aman dalam
kehamilan selanjutnya, dan hasil yang sama dicapai di Australia dan Malaysia
(Lewellyn, 2009).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who Health Organization</i> (WHO) wanita
yang meninggal akibat komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan dengan 529.000
kematian permenitnya dan presentase operasi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sectio
caesarea</i> lebih dari 10-15% pertahunnya. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who
Health Organization</i> (WHO) memperkirakan bahwa rata-rata bedah <i>sectio
caesarea</i> ada di antara 10% dan 15% dari seluruh kelahiran di negara-negara
berkembang. (http://dc372.4shared.com/doc/x-jweDfl/preview.html)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Angka kematian
ibu di Indonesia tertinggi di kawasan Asia Tenggara (ASEAN). Jumlahnya mencapai
228 dari 100.000 kelahiran hidup, Ditinjau dari HDI, Indonesia menduduki
ranking 109 dari 174 negara<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jauh
tertinggal dari Negara-negara ASEAN lainnya. Ranking ini relatif tak beranjak,
bahkan cenderung lebih buruk. Sementara itu, AKI dan AKA Indonesia juga
menduduki urutan yang tak dapat dibanggakan.Data menunjukkan masih tingginya
Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) yaitu 461 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, dan juga Angka
Kematian Balita (AKB) yaitu 42 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">AKI mengacu pada
jumlah kematian ibu yang terkait dengan masa kehamilan, persalinan, dan nifas.
Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), 81% AKI akibat komplikasi selama hamil
dan bersalin, dan 25% selama masa post partum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan
Profil Kesehatan Sulawesi Selatan tahun 2009, jumlah kematian ibu maternal
tahun 2006 sebanyak 133 orang atau 101,56 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup sedangkan
pada tahun 2007 sebanyak 143 kematian atau 92,89 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup.
Untuk tahun 2008, jumlah kematian ibu maternal mengalami penurunan menjadi 121
orang atau 85,17 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Data yang
diperoleh dari Medical Record (Rekam Medis) di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Syekh
Yusuf Gowa pada tahun 2011 diperoleh jumlah kasus persalinan dengan post op SC
sebanyak 89 kasus (3,28%) dari 2738 jumlah persalinan. (Medical Record RSUD Syekh
Yusuf Gowa)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Harni
Koesno Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI), mencapai jumlah 307/100.000 kelahiran hidup
dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB), mencapai jumlah 35/100.000 kelahiran hidup. Data
IBI menyebutkan penyebab AKI, diantaranya, perdarahan sebanyak 30% dari total
kasus kematian, eklamsi 25%, infeksi 12%, abortus 5%, partus lama 5%, emboli
3%, komplikasi masa nifas 8%, dan penyebab-penyebab lainnya 12% (Mustika,
2007).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menteri
kesehatan mengatakan guna menurunkan (AKI) menjadi 226/100.000 kelahiran hidup pada
tahun 2009 Departemen Kesehatan telah menyiapkan 4 strategi pokok. Pergerakan
dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dibidang kesehatan, mendekatkan akses keluarga
miskin yang rentan terhadap layanan kesehatan berkualitas, meningkatkan
surveilans dan meningkatkan pembedayaan kesehatan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan
uraian di atas, penulis tertarik meneliti tentang “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Klien Ny. ”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea Di Ruang Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf
Gowa</b>”.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan
Penulisan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun tujuan
penulisan pada karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah terdiri dari tujuan umum dan
tujuan khusus</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Umum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun
tujuan umum pada penulisan karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah untuk memperoleh
gambaran umum tentang pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan mulai dari pengkajian
hingga pendokumentasian pada klien Ny. ”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea Di Ruang Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf
Gowa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Khusus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun
tujuan khusus pada penulisan karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah untuk :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Memperoleh pengalaman nyata dalam pengkajian, analisa
data yang terjadi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada Klien Ny. ”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea Di Ruang
Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Memperoleh pengalaman nyata dalam menetapkan diagnosa
keperawatan yang terjadi pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ny. ”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea Di Ruang
Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Memperoleh pengalaman nyata dalam menetapkan perencanaan
keperawatan yang terjadi pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ny. ”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea Di Ruang
Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Memperoleh pengalaman nyata dalam melaksanakan rencana
tindakan keperawatan yang terjadi pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ny. ”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea Di Ruang
Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Memperoleh pengalaman nyata dalam melakukan evaluasi
asuhan keperawatan yang terjadi pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ny. ”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea Di Ruang
Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Memperoleh pengalaman nyata dalam mendokumentasikan
asuhan keperawatan yang terjadi pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ny. ”J”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan Post Op Sectio Caesarea Di Ruang
Perawatan Nifas RSUD Syekh Yusuf Gowa”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manfaat
Penulisan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun manfaat
penulisan pada karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah untuk :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Institusi Pendidikan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat
digunakan sebagai sumber informasi bagi institusi dalam meningkatkan mutu
pendidikan pada masa yang akan datang.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagai
bahan bacaan di perpustakaan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagai
sumber informasi bagi peneliti selanjutnya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rumah Sakit</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat
memberikan masukan bagi rumah sakit untuk mengambil langkah – langkah kebijakan
dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan terutama yang berhubungan
dengan asuhan keperawatan post op Sectio Caesarea</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat
menjadi masukan bagi rumah sakit dalam meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan
khususnya bagi klien post op Sectio Caesarea.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Klien dan Keluarga</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Meningkatkan
pengetahuan dan pengalaman klien dan keluarganya mengenai Sectio Caesarea ,
perawatan dan pengobatan post op SC.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tenaga Keperawatan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagai
acuan dan referensi perawat dalam asuhan keperawatan dan menambah pengalaman
kerja serta pengetahuan perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan di masa
mendatang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penulis</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menambah
wawasan ilmu pengetahuan dan pengalaman dalam memberi asuhan keperawatan serta
mengaplikasikan ilmu yang diperoleh selama di bangku kuliah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagai
salah satu persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan program diploma III keperawatan pada
Akademi Keperawatan Putra Pertiwi Gowa.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode
dan Teknik Penulisan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Waktu dan tempat</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun
waktu dan tempat pelaksanaan pengambilan kasus karya tulis ilmiah ini dimulai
sejak tanggal 12 – 14 Juli 2012 di Ruang Perawatan Nifas Rumah Sakit Umum
Daerah Syekh Yusuf Gowa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Studi kepustakaan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penulis
membaca buku-buku kepustakaan dan kumpulan kuliah yang berkaitan dengan karya
tulis ini</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Studi kasus</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk
studi kasus, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah proses keperawatan komprehensif
yang meliputi : pengkajian data, analisa data, perencanaan data, implementasi
dan evaluasi untuk menghimpun data yang diperlukan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Studi dokumentasi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaan
hasil diagnostik dilakukan dengan membaca dan mempelajari catatan medik yang
berhubungan dengan klien, baik yang bersumber dari catatan maupun dari
sumber-sumber yang menunjang.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Teknik Pengumpulan data</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wawancara</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengadakan tanya jawab langsung
untuk memperoleh data riwayat kesehatan yang akurat dengan klien, keluarga,
perawat dan pihak lain yang dapat memberikan data dan informasi yang
dibutuhkan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Observasi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Observasi terdiri dari pengamatan
langsung dan tidak langsung pada klien dengan mengikuti perkembangan selama
pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Observasi
secara langsung (pemeriksaan fisik)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaan fisik yang dilakukan
untuk mendapatkan data obyektif sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengkajian kasus dengan
menggunakan teknik pemeriksaan organ sistem yang terdiri dari 4 teknik<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diantaranya:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Inspeksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Inspeksi yaitu memperoleh data
dengan secara langsung untuk mendeteksi tanda-tanda fisik yang berhubungan
dengan status fisik.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Palpasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Palpasi dilakukan dengan
menggunakan sentuhan atau rabaan untuk mendeteksi ciri-ciri jaringan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perkusi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perkusi adalah metode pemeriksaan
untuk menentukan batas-batas organ atau bagian tubuh dengan cara merasakan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vibrasi</i> yang ditimbulkan akibat adanya
gerakan yang diberikan ke bawah jaringan, dengan perkusi kita dapat membedakan
apa yang ada di bawah jaringan (udara, air, atau zat padat).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Auskultasi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Auskultasi merupakan metode
pengkajian yang menggunakan stetoskop untuk memperjelas pendengaran (bunyi
jantung, paru-paru, bunyi usus serta mengukur tekanan darah dan denyut nadi).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistematika
Penulisan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada bagian ini
diuraikan sistematika penulisan laporan hasil penelitian penerapan asuhan
keperawatan yang terdiri dari Bab I sampai Bab V. Setiap Bab dilaksanakan
dengan singkat dan bentuk penyajian yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab I<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pendahuluan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pendahuluan
berisi latar belakang, tujuan penulisan, manfaat penulisan, metode dan teknik penulisan
serta sistematika penulisan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab II<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tinjauan Pustaka</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mencakup
konsep dasar medik yang berisi pengertian atau definisi, indikasi, tipe – tipe
sectio caesarea, patofisiologi, komplikasi, prognosis, pemeriksaan diagnostik,
perawatan post operasi sectio caesarea dan penatalaksanaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep
dasar keperawatan yang berisi pengkajian, penyimpangan KDM, diagnosa,
intervensi, implementasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab III<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tinjauan
Kasus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Merupakan
laporan kasus yang berisi pengkajian, pengumpulan data, klasifikasi data dan
analisa data, prioritas masalah diagnosa keperawatan, perencanaan keperawatan,
tindakan keperawatan, evaluasi keperawatan dan catatan perkembangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab IV<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pembahasan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam
bab ini membahas tentang kesenjangan antara teori dan kasus yang ada dibahas
secara sistematik mulai dari pengkajian, diagnosa keperawatan, intervensi,
implementasi dan evaluasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bab V<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Penutup</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 81.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.75in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Pada bab ini berisi kesimpulan tentang hasil
penelitian terhadap kasus yang diangkat serta saran-saran yang merupakan
alternatif pencapaian tujuan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">BAB II</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">TINJAUAN PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep Dasar Medis</span></h3>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengertian</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sectio
Caesarea</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sectio
caesarea adalah suatu pembedahan guna melahirkan anak lewat insisi pada dinding
abdomen dan uterus. (Harry Oxorn & William R. Forte : hal 634).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sectio caesarea adalah pembedahan
untuk melahirkan janin dengan melalui sayatan dinding perut (abdomen) dan
dinding rahim (uterus). (Asuhan keperawatan post operasi,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hal 42).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sectio caesarea adalah tindakan
untuk melahirkan bayi melalui pembedahan abdomen dan dinding uterus (dr. Taufan
Nugroho : hal 24).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sectio caesarea adalah suatu
persalinan buatan dimana janin dilahirkan melalui suatu insisi pada dinding
perut dan dinding rahim dengan syarat rahim dalam keadaan utuh serta berat di
atas 500 gram. (Mitayani : hal 111).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari beberapa pengertian di atas
maka penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa sectio caesarea adalah suatu persalinan
buatan guna melahirkan janin lewat insisi pada dinding abdomen dan uterus
dengan syarat rahim dalam keadaan utuh serta berat di atas 500 gram.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masa Nifas</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masa nifas adalah masa waktu antara
kelahiran plasenta dan membran yang menandai berakhirnya periode intrapartum
sampai waktu menuju kembalinya system reproduksi wanita tersebut ke kondisi
tidak hamil (Anggraini, Yetti : hal 2)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masa nifas dimulai setelah kelahiran
plasenta dan berakhir ketika alat – alat kandungan kembali seperti keadaan
sebelum hamil yang berlangsung kira – kira 6 minggu (Anggraini, Yetti : hal 3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masa nifas adalah masa pulih
kembali, mulai dari persalinan selesai sampai alat – alat kandungan kembali
seperti pra-hamil. (Wulandari, Diah : hal 1) </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indikasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indikasi sectio caesarea bisa
indikasi absolute atau relative. Setiap keadaan yang membuat kelahiran lewat
jalan lahir tidak mungkin terlaksana merupakan indikasi absolute untuk sectio
abdominal. Diantaranya adalah kesempitan panggul yang sangat berat dan
neoplasma yang menyumbat jalan lahir. Pada indikasi relative, kelahiran lewat
vagina bisa terlaksana tetapi keadaan adalah sedemikian rupa sehingga kelahiran
lewat sectio caesarea akan lebih aman bagi ibu, anak ataupun keduanya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level5 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indikasi ibu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Panggul sempit dan dystocia mekanis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disproporsi fetopelvik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disproporsi fetopelvik mencakup panggul sempit (contracted
pelvis), fetus yang tumbuhnya terlampau besar, atau adanya ketidak-imbangan
relative antara ukuran bayi dan ukuran pelvis. Yang ikut menimbulkan masalah
disproporsi adalah bentuk pelvis, presentasi fetus serta kemampuannya untuk
moulage dan masuk panggul, kemampuan berdilatasi pada cervix, dan keefektifan
kontraksi uterus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Malposisi dan malpresentasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abnormalitas ini dapat menyebabkan perlunya sectio caesarea
pada bayi yang dalam posisi normal dapat dilahirkan pervaginam. Bagian terbesar
dari peningkatan insidensi sectio caesarea dalam kelompok ini berkaitan dengan
presentasi bokong. Barangkali sepertiga dari presentasi bokong harus dilahirkan
lewat abdomen. Bukan saja akibat langsung kelahiran vaginal terhadap janin
lebih buruk pada presentasi bokong disbanding pada presentasi kepala, tetapi
juga terbukti adanya pengaruh jangka panjang sekalipun kelahiran tersebut tanpa
abnormalitas. Ada perkiraan bahwa persalinan kaki dan bokong bayi premature
yang viable paling baik dilakukan melalui sectio caesarea</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disfungsi uterus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disfungsi
uterus mencakup kerja uterus yang tidak terkoordinasikan, inertia, cincin
konstriksi dan ketidakmampuan dilatasi cervix. Partus menjadi lama dan
kemajuannya mungkin terhenti sama sekali. Keadaan ini sering disertai
disproporsi dan malpresentasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Distosia jaringan lunak</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Distosia jaringan lunak (soft tissue dystocia) dapat menghalangi
atau mempersulit kelahiran yang normal. Ini mencakup keadaan seperti cicatrix
pada saluran genitalia, kekakuan cervix akibat cedera atau pembedahan, dan
atresia atau stenosis vagina. Kelahiran vaginal yang dipaksa akan mengakibatkan
laserasi yang luas dan perdarahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Neoplasma </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Neoplasma yang menyumbat pelvis menyebabkan persalinan
normal tidak mungkin terlaksana. Kanker invasive cervix yang didiagnosis pada
trimester ketiga kehamilan dapat diatasi dengan sectio caesarea yang
dilanjutkan dengan terapi radiasi, pembedahan radikal ataupun keduanya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Persalinan yang tidak dapat maju</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam kelompok ini termasuk keadaan – keadaan seperti
disproporsi cephalopelvik, kontraksi uterus yang tidak efektif, pelvis yang
jelek, bayi yang besar dan defleksi kepala bayi. Sering diagnosis tepat tidak
dapat dibuat dan pada setiap kasus merupakan diagnosis akademik. Keputusan ke
arah sectio caesarea dibuat berdasarkan kegagalan persalinan untuk mencapai
dilatasi cervix dan atau turunnya fetus, tanpa mempertimbangkan etiologinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembedahan sebelumnya pada uterus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sectio caesarea</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada sebagian besar Negara ada kebiasaan yang dipraktekkan
akhir – akhir ini, yaitu setelah prosedur pembedahan caesarea dikerjakan, maka
semua kehamilan yang mendatang harus diakhiri dengan cara yang sama. Bahaya
rupture lewat tempat insisi sebelumnya dirasakan terlalu besar. Akan tetapi,
pada kondisi tertentu ternyata bisa dilakukan trial of labor dengan kemungkinan
persalinan lewat vagina. Kalau upaya ini berhasil, baik morbiditas maternal
maupun lamanya rawat tinggal akan berkurang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Histerotomi </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kehamilan dalam uterus akan disertai bahaya rupture uteri
bila kehamilan sebelumnya diakhiri dengan histerotomi. Resikonya sama seperti
resiko sectio caesarea klasik. Histerotomi kalau mungkin harus dihindari dengan
pertimbangan bahwa kehamilan berikutnya akan mengharuskan sectio caesarea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendarahan </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Placenta previa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sectio caesarea untuk placenta previa centralis dan
lateralis telah menurunkan mortalitas fetal dan maternal. Keputusan akhir
diambil melalui pemeriksaan vaginal dalam kamar operasi dengan menggunakan
double setup. Darah sudah tersedia dan sudah dicocokkan (cross-matching). Team
dokter bedah harus sudah siap sedia. Jika pada pemeriksaan vaginal ditemukan
placenta previa centralis atau partialis, sectio caesarea segera dikerjakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abruptio placentae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Abruptio placentae yang terjadi sebelum atau selama
persalinan awal dapat diatasi dengan pemecahan ketuban dan pemberian tetesan
oxytocin. Kalau perdarahannya hebat, cervix mengeras dan menutup atau kalau ada
kecurigaan apoplexia uteroplacental, maka diperlukan sectio caesarea untuk
menyelamatkan bayi, mengendalikan perdarahan, mencegah afibrinogenemia dan
untuk mengamati keadaan uterus serta kemampuannya berkontraksi dan
mengendalikan perdarahan. Pada sebagian kasus diperlukan tindakan histeroktomi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Toxemia gravidarum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Toxemia gravidarum dapat menyebabkan pengakhiran kehamilan
sebelum waktunya. Pada sebagian besar kasus, pilihan metodenya adalah induksi
persalinan. Kalau cervix belum matang dan induksi sukar terlaksana, sebaiknya
dikerjakan sectio caesarea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lain – lain</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Primigraviditas usia lanjut</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Primigraviditas usia lanjut sulit didefinisikan. Sementara
umur bervariasi dari 35 hingga 40 tahun, factor – factor lain juga sama
pentingnya. Factor – factor ini mencakup ada tidaknya segmen bawah uterus yang
baik, kelenturan atau kekakuan cervix dan jaringan lunak jalan lahir, kemudahan
menjadi hamil, jumlah abortus, presentasi anak dan koordinasi kekuatan his.
Kalau semua hal ini menguntungkan, kelahiran per vaginam harus dipertimbangkan.
Kalau factor – factor yang merugikan terdapat, maka sectio caesarea merupakan
prosedur yang lebih aman dan lebih bijaksana.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bekas jahitan pada vagina</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dikerjakan sectio caesarea efektif kalau ada kekhawatiran
bahwa kelahiran lewat vagina yang pernah dijahit akan menimbulkan cystocele,
rectocele dan prolapsus uteri</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anomali uteri congenital</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bukan saja uterus yang abnormal itu fungsinya jelek, tetapi
juga pada kasus anomali seperti uterus bicornuata, salah satu ujungnya dapat
merintangi jalannya bayi dari ujung yang lain. Pada keadaan seperti ini harus
dikerjakan section caesarea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Riwayat obstetric yang jelek</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalau kelahiran sebelumnya berlangsung dengan sukar dan
menimbulkan cedera luas pada cervix, vagina serta perineum, atau kalau bayinya
pernah cedera, maka dipilih sectio caesarea bagi kelahiran berikutnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Forceps yang gagal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Forceps yang gagal merupakan indikasi dilakukannya sectio
caesarea. Lebih bijaksana bila beralih ke kelahiran per abdominam daripada
menarik bayi lewat panggul dengan paksa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level5 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indikasi fetal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gawat janin</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gawat janin, yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya bradycardia
berat, irregularitas denyut jantung anak atau adanya pola deselerasi yang
terlambat, kadang – kadang menyebabkan perlunya sectio caesarea darurat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cacat atau kematian janin sebelumnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Khususnya pada ibu – ibu yang pernah melahirkan bayi yang
cacat atau mati dilakukan sectio caesarea efektif</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prolapsus funiculus umbilicalis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prolapsus funiculus umbilicalis dengan cervix yang tidak
berdilatasi sebaiknya diatasi dengan sectio caesarea, asalkan bayinya berada
dalam keadaan baik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Insufisiensi plasenta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada kasus retardasi pertumbuhan intrauterine atau kehamilan
post mature dengan pemeriksaan klinis dan berbagai test menunjukkan bahwa bayi
dalam keadaan bahaya, maka kelahiran harus dilaksanakan. Jika induksi tidak
mungkin terlaksana atau mengalami kegagalan, sectio caesarea menjadi indikasi.
Dengan meningkatnya kemampuan dokter – dokter anak untuk menyelamatkan bayi –
bayi yang kecil dan kalau memang diperlukan, sectio caesarea dapat memberikan
kesempatan hidup dan kesempatan untuk berkembang secara normal kepada bayi –
bayi ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diabetes maternal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fetus dari ibu diabetic cenderung lebih besar daripada bayi
normal ; keadaan ini bisa mengakibatkan kesulitan persalinan dan kelahiran.
Meskipun bayi – bayi ini berukuran besar, namun perilakunya menyerupai bayi
premature dan tidak bisa bertahan dengan baik terhadap beban persalinan lama.
Kematian selama persalinan dan pascalahir sering terjadi. Disamping itu, sejumlah
bayi meninggal dalam kandungan sebelum maturitasnya tercapai. Karena adanya
bahaya terhadap keselamatan fetus ini dan karena proporsi timbulnya toxemia
yang tinggi pada ibu hamil yang menderita diabetes, maka kehamilan perlu
diakhiri sebelum waktunya. Jika keadaannya menguntungkan dan persalinan
diperkirakan berlangsung mudah serta cepat, maka dapat dilakukan induksi
persalinan. Akan tetapi pada primigravida dan multipara dengan cervix yang
panjang dan tertutup atau dengan riwayat obstetric yang jelek, sectio caesarea
adalah metode yang dipilih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inkompatibilitas rhesus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalau janin mengalami cacat berat akibat antibody dari ibu Rh-negatif
yang menjadi peka dan kalau induksi serta persalinan per vaginam sukar
terlaksana, maka kehamilan dapat diakhiri dengan sectio caesarea bagi kasus –
kasus yang terpilih demi keselamatan janin</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Postmortem caesarean</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kadang – kadang bayi masih hidup bilamana sectio caesarea
segera dikerjakan pada ibu hamil yang baru saja meninggal dunia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Infeksi virus herpes pada traktus genitalis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Virus herpes menyebabkan infeksi serius yang sering fatal
pada bayi baru lahir. Kalau dalam jalan lahir terdapat virus herpes pada saat
kelahiran, maka sedikitnya 50% dari bayi – bayi yang lahir akan terinfeksi dan
separuh diantaranya akan cacat berat, bila tidak meninggal, akibat infeksi
herpetic ini. Bahaya terbesar timbul kalau infeksi primer genital terjadi 2
hingga 4 minggu sebelum kelahiran. Transmisi lewat placenta tidak begitu
penting bila dibandingkan dengan kontak langsung selama persalinan dan
kelahiran. Pada kontak langsung, kontaminasi terjadi pada mata, kulit, kulit
kepala, tali pusat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan traktus
respiratorius atas dari bayi yang dilahirkan. ( Harry Oxorn & William R.
Forte : hal 634 )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kontra
indikasi sectio caesarea pada umumnya sectio caesarea tidak dilakukan pada
janin mati, syok, anemi berat sebelum diatasi, kelainan congenital berat (
Sugeng Jitowiyono : hal 43 )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tipe
– tipe sectio caesarea</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sectio caesarea abdominalis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sectio caesarea transperitonealis
yang terdiri dari :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sectio
caesaria klasik atau korporal dengan insisi memanjang pada korpus uteri</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sectio
caesaria ismika atau profunda atau low cervical dengan insisi pada segmen bawah
rahim</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sectio
caesaria ekstraperitonialis, yaitu tanpa membuka peritoneum parietalis, dengan
demikian tidak membuka cavum abdomimal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sectio caesarea vaginalis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut sayatan pada rahim, sectio caesarea dapat dilakukan
sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sayatan memanjang ( longitudinal )
menurut Kronig</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sayatan melintang ( Transversal )
menurut Kerr</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sayatan huruf T ( T-insicion ). (
Sugeng Jitowiyono : hal 43 )</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Patofisiologi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anatomi fungsional yang dibahas pada
kasus post operasi sectio caesarea terdiri dari anatomi dinding perut dan otot
dasar panggul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anatomi dinding perut</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dinding perut dibentuk oleh otot-otot
perut dimana disebelah atas dibatasi oleh angulus infrasternalis dan di sebelah
bawah dibatasi oleh krista iliaka, sulkus pubikus dan sulkus inguinalis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot-otot dinding perut tersebut
terdiri dari otot-otot dinding perut bagian depan, bagian lateral dan bagian
belakang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo19; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot rectus abdominis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terletak pada permukaan abdomen
menutupi linea alba, bagian depan tertutup vagina dan bagian belakang terletak
di atas kartilago kostalis 6-8. origo pada permukaan anterior kartilago
kostalis 5-7, prosesus xyphoideus dan ligamen xyphoideum. Serabut menuju
tuberkulum pubikum dan simpisis ossis pubis. Insertio pada ramus inferior ossis
pubis. Fungsi dari otot ini untuk flexi trunk, mengangkat pelvis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo21; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot piramidalis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terletak di bagian tengah di atas
simpisis ossis pubis, di depan otot rectus abdominis. Origo pada bagian
anterior ramus superior ossis pubis dan simpisis ossis pubis. Insertio terletak
pada linea alba. Fungsinya untuk meregangkan linea alba.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo22; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot transversus abdominis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot ini berupa tendon menuju linea
alba dan bagian inferior vagina musculi recti abdominis. Origo pada permukaan
kartilago kostalis 7-12. insertio pada fascia lumbo dorsalis, labium internum
Krista iliaka, 2/3 lateral ligamen inguinale. Berupa tendon menuju linea alba
dan bagian inferior vagina muskuli recti abdominis. Fungsi dari otot ini
menekan perut, menegangkan dan menarik dinding perut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo23; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot obligus eksternus abdominis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Letaknya yaitu pada bagian lateral
abdomen tepatnya di sebelah inferior thoraks. Origonya yaitu pada permukaan
luas kosta 5-12 dan insertionya pada vagina musculi recti abdominis. Fungsi
dari otot ini adalah rotasi thoraks ke sisi yang berlawanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo24; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot obligus internus abdominis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot ini terletak pada anterior dan
lateral abdomen, dan tertutup oleh otot obligus eksternus abdominis. Origo
terletak pada permukaan posterior fascia lumbodorsalis, linea intermedia krista
iliaka, 2/3 ligamen inguinale insertio pada kartilago kostalis 8-10 untuk
serabut ke arah supero medial. Fungsi dari otot ini untuk rotasi thoraks ke sisi
yang sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot dasar panggul</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Otot dasar panggul terdiri dari
diagfragma pelvis dan diagfragma urogenital. Diagfragma pelvis adalah otot
dasar panggul bagian dalam yang terdiri dari otot levator ani, otot
pubokoksigeus, iliokoksigeus, dan ischiokoksigeus. Sedangkan diafragma
urogenetik dibentuk oleh aponeurosis otot transverses perinea profunda dan
mabdor spincter ani eksternus. Fungsi dari otot-otot tersebut adalah levator
ani untuk menahan rectum dan vagina turun ke bawah, otot spincter ani eksternus
diperkuat oleh otot mabdor ani untuk menutup anus dan otot pubokavernosus untuk
mengecilkan introitus vagina.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo25; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Patologi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada operasi sectio caesarea
transperitonial ini terjadi, perlukaan baik pada dinding abdomen (kulit dan
otot perut) dan pada dinding uterus. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi
penyembuhan dari luka operasi antara lain adalah suplay darah, infeksi dan
iritasi. Dengan adanya supply darah yang baik akan berpengaruh terhadap
kecepatan proses penyembuhan. Perjalanan proses penyembuhan sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo6; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sewaktu incisi (kulit diiris), maka
beberapa sel epitel, sel dermis dan jaringan kulit akan mati. Ruang incisi akan
diisi oleh gumpalan darah dalam 24 jam pertama akan mengalami reaksi radang
mendadak,</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo6; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dalam 2-3 hari kemudian, exudat akan
mengalami resolusif proliferasi (pelipatgandaan) fibroblast mulai terjadi, </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo6; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pada hari ke-3-4 gumpalan darah
mengalami organisasi, </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo6; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pada hari ke 5 tensile strength
(kekuatan untuk mencegah terbuka kembali luka) mulai timbul, yang dapat
mencegah terjadi dehiscence (merekah) luka, </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo6; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pada hari ke-7-8, epitelisasi
terjadi dan luka akan sembuh. Kecepatan epitelisasi adalah 0,5 mm per hari, berjalan
dari tepi luka ke arah tengah atau terjadi dari sisa-sisa epitel dalam dermis,</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo6; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada hari ke 14-15, tensile strength
hanya 1/5 maksimum, </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo6; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tensile strength mencapai maksimum
dalam 6 minggu. Untuk itu pada seseorang dengan riwayat SC dianjurkan untuk tidak
hamil pada satu tahun pertama setelah operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo25; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fisiologi nifas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perubahan yang terjadi selama masa
nifas post sectio caesarea antara lain :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo7; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Uterus, setelah plasenta dilahirkan,
uterus merupakan alat yang keras karena kontraksi dan reaksi otot-ototnya. Fundus
uteri ±3 jari di bawah pusat. Ukuran uterus mulai dua hari berikutnya, akan
mengecil hingga hari kesepuluh tidak teraba dari luar. Invulsi uterus terjadi
karena masing-masing sel menjadi kecil, yang disebabkan oleh proses antitoksis
dimana zat protein dinding pecah, diabsorbsi dan dibuang melalui air seni.
Sedangkan pada endomentrium menjadi luka dengan permukaan kasar, tidak rata
kira-kira sebesar telapak tangan. Luka ini akan mengecil hingga sembuh dengan
pertumbuhan endometrium baru di bawah permukaan luka, mulai dari pinggir dan
dasar luka</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo7; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pembuluh darah uterus yang saat
hamil dan membesar akan mengecil kembali karena tidak dipergunakan lagi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo7; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dinding perut melonggar dan
elastisitasnya berkurang akibat peregangan dalam waktu lama</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo54; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahapan dalam masa nifas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peurperium dini (immediate
puerperium) : waktu 0 – 24 jam post partum. Yaitu kepulihan dimana ibu telah
diperbolehkan berdiri dan berjalan – jalan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peurperium intermedial (early
puerperium) : waktu 1 – 7 hari post partum. Kepulihan menyeluruh alat – alat
genetalia yang lamanya 6 – 8 minggu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Remote peurperium (later puerperium)
: waktu 1 – 6 minggu post partum. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk pulih dan sehat
sempurna, terutama bila selama hamil dan waktu persalinan mempunyai komplikasi.
Waktu untuk sehat sempurna bisa berminggu – minggu, bulanan atau tahunan.
(Yetti Anggraini : hal 3 – 4)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komplikasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komplikasi
yang bisa timbul pada sectio caesarea adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
ibu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Infeksi
puerperal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komplikasi
ini bisa bersifat ringan, seperti kenaikan suhu selama beberapa hari dalam masa
nifas, bersifat berat seperti peritonitis, sepsis dsb</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo28; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perdarahan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perdarahan banyak bisa timbul pada
waktu pembedahan jika cabang – cabang arteri ikut terbuka, atau karena atonia
uteri</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo28; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komplikasi
– komplikasi lain seperti luka kandung kencing, embolisme paru – paru, dan
sebagainya sangat jarang terjadi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo28; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu
komplikasi yang baru kemudian tampak, ialah kurang kuatnya parut pada dinding
uterus, sehingga pada kehamilan berikutnya bisa terjadi rupture uteri.
Kemungkinan peristiwa ini lebih banyak ditemukan sesudah seksio sesarea klasik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
anak</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seperti halnya dengan ibunya, nasib
anak yang dilahirkan dengan sectio caesarea banyak tergantung dari keadaan yang
menjadi alasan untuk melakukan sectio caesarea. Menurut statistik di negara –
negara dengan pengawasan antenatal dan intra natal yang baik, kematian
perinatal pasca sectio caesarea berkisar antara 4 – 7 %. (Sugeng Jitowiyono :
hal 44)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prognosis</span></b></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Dulu angka
morbiditas dan mortalitas untuk ibu dan janin tinggi. Pada masa sekarang oleh
karena kemajuan yang pesat dalam tehnik operasi, anestesi, penyediaan cairan
dan darah, indikasi dan antibiotika angka ini sangat menurun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Angka kematian
ibu pada rumah-rumah sakit dengan fasilitas operasi yang baik dan oleh tenaga –
tenaga yang cekatan adalah kurang dari 2 per 1000.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Nasib janin
yang ditolong secara sectio caesaria sangat tergantung dari keadaan janin
sebelum dilakukan operasi. Menurut data dari negara – negara dengan pengawasan
antenatal yang baik dari fasilitas neonatal yang sempurna, angka kematian
perinatal sekitar 4 – 7 %. (Sugeng Jitowiyono,dkk : hal 44)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaan Diagnostik</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Hitung darah lengkap, golongan darah (ABO) dan percocokan
silang, serta tes coombs</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Urinalisis : menentukan kadar albumin / glukosa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Kultur : mengidentifikasi adanya virus herpes
simpleks tipe II</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pelvimetri : menentukan CPD</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Amniosentesis : mengkaji maturitas paru janin</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Ultrasonografi : melokalisasi plasenta menentukan
pertumbuhan, kedudukan, dan presentasi janin</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Tes stres kontraksi atau tes non stres : mengkaji
respon janin terhadap gerakan / stres dari pola kontraksi uterus / pola
abnormal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pemantauan elektronik kontinu : memastikan status
janin/aktivitas uterus ( Mitayani : hal 113 )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perawatan Post Operasi Sectio
Caesarea</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Analgesia</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wanita dengan
ukuran tubuh rata – rata dapat disuntik 75 mg Meperidin (intra muskuler) setiap
3 jam sekali, bila diperlukan untuk mengatasi rasa sakit atau dapat disuntikkan
dengan cara serupa 10 mg morfin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wanita
dengan ukuran tubuh kecil, dosis Meperidin yang diberikan adalah 50 mg.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wanita
dengan ukuran besar, dosis yang lebih tepat adalah 100 mg Meperidin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Obat
– obatan antiemetic, misalnya protasin 25 mg biasanya diberikan bersama – sama
dengan pemberian preparat narkotik</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tanda
– tanda vital</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tanda – tanda
vital harus diperiksa 4 jam sekali, perhatikan tekanan darah, nadi, jumlah
urine serta jumlah darah yang hilang dan keadaan fundus harus diperiksa</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terapi
cairan dan diet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk pedoman
umum, pemberian 3 liter larutan RL, terbukti sudah cukup selama pembedahan dan dalam
24 jam pertama berikutnya, meskipun demikian, jika output urine jauh di bawah
30 ml/jam, pasien harus segera di evaluasi kembali paling lambat pada hari
kedua</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Vesika
urinarius dan usus</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kateter dapat
dilepaskan setelah 12 jam, post operasi atau pada keesokan paginya setelah
operasi. Biasanya bising usus belum terdengar pada hari pertama setelah
pembedahan, pada hari kedua bising usus masih lemah, dan usus baru aktif
kembali pada hari ketiga.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ambulasi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada hari
pertama setelah pembedahan, pasien dengan bantuan perawatan dapat bangun dari
tempat tidur sebentar, sekurang – kurang 2 kali pada hari kedua pasien dapat
berjalan dengan pertolongan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perawatan
luka</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Luka insisi di
inspeksi setiap hari, sehingga pembalut luka yang alternative ringan tanpa
banyak plester sangat menguntungkan, secara normal jahitan kulit dapat diangkat
setelah hari ke empat setelah pembedahan. Paling lambat hari ke tiga post
partum, pasien dapat mandi tanpa membahayakan luka insisi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Laboratorium</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Secara rutin
hematokrit diukur pada pagi setelah operasi hematokrit tersebut harus segera di
cek kembali bila terdapat kehilangan darah yang tidak biasa atau keadaan lain
yang menunjukkan hipovolemia</span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Perawatan payudara</span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Pemberian ASI dapat dimulai pada hari post operasi jika
ibu memutuskan tidak menyusui, pemasangan pembalut payudara yang mengencangkan payudara
tanpa banyak menimbulkan kompesi, biasanya mengurangi rasa nyeri</span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Memulangkan
pasien dari rumah sakit</span></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Seorang pasien yang baru melahirkan mungkin lebih aman
bila diperbolehkan pulang dari rumah sakit pada hari keempat dan kelima post
operasi, aktivitas ibu seminggunya harus dibatasi hanya untuk perawatan bayinya
dengan bantuan orang lain. (Sugeng Jitowiyono : hal 75 – 76)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penatalaksanaan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penatalaksanaan Keperawatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Buat instruksi perawatan yang meliputi :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawatan pasca operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jadwal pemeriksaan ulang tekanan
darah, frekuensi nadi dan nafas</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jadwal pengukuran jumlah produksi
urin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikan infuse dengan jelas, singkat
dan terinci bila dijumpai adanya penyimpangan pada pemantauan EKG dan JDL
dengan diferensial</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penatalaksanaan Medis</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cairan IV sesuai indikasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anestesia; regional atau general</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perjanjian dari orang terdekat untuk
tujuan sectio caesaria.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tes laboratorium/diagnostik sesuai
indikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemberian oksitosin sesuai indikasi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanda vital per protokol ruangan
pemulihan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Persiapan kulit pembedahan abdomen</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Persetujuan ditandatangani.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemasangan kateter foley</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(Sugeng
Jitowiyono : hal 45 – 46)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsep Asuhan Keperawatan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengkajian </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level2 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sirkulasi
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hipertensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">terdapat
perdarahan vagina</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level2 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Integritas
Ego</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo40; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat
menunjukan prosedur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang diantisipasi
sebagai tanda kegagalan dan atau refleksi negatif pada kemampuan sebagai
wanita.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level2 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Makanan/Cairan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nyeri
epigastrik, gangguan penglihatan, dan edema sebagai tanda – tanda hipertensi
karena kehamilan (HKK).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level2 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nyeri/Ketidaknyamanan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo42; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Distosia</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo42; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">persalianan
lama/disfungsional, kegagalan induksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo42; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terdapat
nyeri tekan uterus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level2 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keamanan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyakit
hubungan seksual aktif (misalnya herpes)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prolaps
tali pusat, distress janin </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ancaman
kelahiran janin yang premature.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Presentasi
bokong dengan versi sefalik eksternal yang tidak berhasil.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ketuban
pecah selama 24 jam atau lebih lama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adanya
komplikasi dari ibu seperti HKK, diabetes, Penyakit ginjal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atau jantung, serta infeksi asendens</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level2 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seksualitas
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Disproporsi
sefalopelvik (CPD).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kehamilan
multiple atau gestasi (uterus sangat distensi)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Melahirkan
secara bedah uterus atau serviks sebelumnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tumor/neoplasma
yang menghambat pelvis/jalan lahir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level2 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyuluhan/Pembelajaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelahiran caesarea yang tidak direncanakan, dapat memengaruhi
kesiapan dan pemahaman ibu terhadap prosedur</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="Section1">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Diagnosa
Keperawatan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perubahan proses
keluarga berhubungan dengan perkembangan transisi/peningkatan anggota keluarga,
krisis situasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketidaknyamanan
: Nyeri (Akut) berhubungan dengan trauma pembedahan, efek-efek anastesia,
efek-efek hormonal, distensi kandung kemih/abdomen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ansietas berhubungan
dengan krisis situasi, ancaman pada konsep diri, transmisi/kontak
interpersonal, kebutuhan tidak terpenuhi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Harga diri rendah
situasional berhubungan dengan merasa gagal dalam peristiwa kehidupan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Resiko Cedera. Faktor
resiko dapat meliputi fungsi biokimia atau regulasi (mis., hipotensi
ortostatik, adanya HKK atau eklampsia), efek-efek anestesia, tromboemboli,
profil darah abnormal (anemia/kehilangan darah berlebihan, sensitivitas
terhadap rubella, inkompatibilitas Rh), trauma jaringan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Resiko infeksi. Faktor
resiko dapat meliputi trauma jaringan/kulit rusak, penurunan Hb, prosedur invasif
dan/atau peningkatan pemajanan lingkungan, pecah ketuban lama, mainutrisi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstipasi berhubungan
dengan penurunan tonus otot (diastasis rekti, kelebihan analgesik atau
anestesi, efek-efek progesterone, dehidrasi, diare prapersalinan, kurang
masukan, nyeri parineal/rektal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kurang pengetahuan
(kebutuhan belajar) mengenai perubahan fisiologis, periode pemulihan, perawatan
diri dan kebutuhan perawatan bayi berhubungan dengan kurang
pemajanan/mengingat, kesalahan interpretasi, tidak mengenal sumber-sumber.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perubahan Eleminasi
urin berhubungan dengan trauma/diversi mekanis, efek-efek hormonal (perpindahan
cairan dan/atau peningkatan aliran plasma ginjal), efek-efek anastesi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kurang perawatan diri berhubungan dengan efek-efek
anastesia, penurunan kekuatan dan ketahanan, ketidaknyamanan fisik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Marilynn E. Doenges : hal 415 – 437)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Intervensi
Keperawatan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perubahan proses
keluarga berhubungan dengan perkembangan transisi/peningkatan anggota keluarga,
krisis situasi.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.5pt;" valign="top" width="230">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 36.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 103.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 103.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan klien untuk menggendong, menyentuh, dan
memeriksa bayi, tergantung pada kondisi klien dan bayi baru lahir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan kesempatan untuk ayah/pasangan untuk
menyentuh dan menggendong bayi dan bantu dalam perawatan bayi sesuai
kemungkinan situasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Observasi dan catat interaksi keluarga bayi,
perhatikan prilaku yang dianggap menandakan ikatan dan kedekatan dalam budaya
tertentu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 9.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Diskusikan kebutuhan kemajuan dan sifat interaksi
yang lazim dari ikatan. Perhatikan kenormalan dari variasi respons dari satu
waktu ke waktu lainnya dan diantara anak yang berbeda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan pengungkapan/prilaku yang menunjukkan
kekecewaan atau kurang minat/ kedekatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan kesempatan pada orang tua untuk
mengungkapkan perasaan-perasaan yang negative tentang diri mereka dan bayi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan lingkungan sekitar kelahiran sesaria,
kebanggan diri orang tua dan persepsi tentang pengalaman kelahiran, reaksi
awal mereka terhadap bayi, dan partisipasi mereka pada pengalaman kelahiran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan dan bantu dalam menyusuitergantung pada
pilihan klien dan keyakinan/praktik budaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sambut keluarga dan sibling untuk kunjungan singkat
segera bila kondisi ibu/bayi baru lahir memungkinkan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan informasi, sesuai kebutuhan, tentang
keamanan dan kondisi bayi. Dukung pasangan sesuai kebutuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Beritahu anggota tim perawatan kesehatan yang tepat
tentang observasi sesuai indikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Siapkan untuk dukungan / evaluasi teruz menerus
setelah pulang. Pelayanan perawat berkunjung, agensi, komunitas, kelompok
dukungan orangtua.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 103.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.5pt;" valign="top" width="230">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jam pertama setelah kelahiran memberikan kesempatan
unik untuk ikatan keluarga untuk terjadi karna ibu dan bayi secara emosional
menerima isyarat satu sama lain, yang memulai kedekatan dan proses
pengenalan. Bantuan pada interaksi pertama atau sampai jalur intravena
dilepas mencegah klien dari merasa kecewa atau tidak adekuat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu memudahkan ikatan/kedekatan diantara ayah
dan bayi. Memberikan kesempatan untuk ibu, memvalidasi realitas situasi dan
bayi baru lahir pada waktu dimana prosedur dan kebutuhan fisiknya mungkin
membatasi kemampuan interaksinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kontak mata-dengan-mata, penggunaan posisi wajah,
berbicara pada suara nada tinggi, dan menggengdong bayi dengan dekat
dihubungkan dengan kedekatan pada budaya amerika. Pada kontak pertama dengan
bayi, ibu menunjukkan pola progresif dari perilaku dengan cara menggunakan
ujung jari pada awalnya untuk menggali ekstremitas bayi dan berlanjut pada
penggunaan telapak tangan sebelum mendekap bayi dengan seluruh tangan dan
lengan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu klien/ pasangan memahami makna dan
pentingnya proses dan memberikan keyakinan bahwa perbedaan diperkirakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kedatangan anggota keluarga baru, bahkan bila
diinginkan dan diantisipasi, menciptakan priode sementara dari
disekuilibrium, memerlukan penyatuan anak baru ke dalam keluarga yang ada.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konflik tidak teratasi selama proses pengenalan awal
orangtua-bayi dapat mempunyai efek-efek negative jangka panjang pada masa
depan hubungan orangtua-anak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Orang tua perlu bekerja melalui hal-hal bermakna
pada kejadian penuh stress seputar kelahiran anak dan orientasikan mereka
sendiri terhadap realita sebelum mereka dapat memfokuskan pada bayi.
Efek-efek anastesia, ansietas, dan nyeri dapat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mengubah kemampuan persepsi klien selama
dan setelah operasi.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kontak awal mempunyai efek positif pada durasi
menyusui; kontak kulit-dengan-kulit dan mulainya tugas-tugas ibu meningkatkan
ikatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Meningkatkan kesatuan keluarga, dan membantu sibling
memulai proses adaptasi positif terhadap peran baru dan memasukkan anggota
baru kedalam struktur keluarga.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu pasangan untuk memproses dan mengevakuasi
informasi yang diperlukan, khususnya bila periode pengenalan awal telah
lambat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketidak ada kekuatan perilaku ikatan atau interaksi
buruk antara klien/pasangan dengan bayi memerlukan dukungan dan evaluasi
lanjut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Banyak pasangan mempunyai konflik tidak teratasi
mengenai proses pengenalan awal orangtua-bayi yang memerlukan pemecahan
setelah pulang.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tabel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2.1)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketidaknyamanan : Nyeri (Akut) berhubungan dengan
trauma pembedahan, efek-efek anastesia, efek-efek hormonal, distensi kandung
kemih/abdomen.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 63.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.75pt;" valign="top" width="217">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 180.75pt;" valign="top" width="241">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 39.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.75pt;" valign="top" width="217">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tentukan karakteristik dan lokasi ketidaknyamanan.
Perhatikan isyarat verbal dan non verbal seperti meringis, kaku, dan gerakan
melindungi atau terbatas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan informasi dan petunjuk antisifasi mengenai
penyebab ketidaknyamanan dan intervensi yang tepat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Evaluasi tekanan darah (TD) dan nadi; perhatikan
perubahan perilaku.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan nyeri tekanan uterus dan adanya / karakteristik
nyeri penyerta; perhatisi.kan infus oksitosin pascaoper</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lakukan latihan nafas dalam, spirometri insentif,
dan batuk dengan menggunakan prosedur-prosedur pembebatan dengan tepat,
30menit setelah pemberian analgesic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan ambulasi dini. Anjurkan menghindari makana
cairan pembentuk gas; kacang-kacangan, kol, minuman karbonat, susu murni atau
penggunaan sedotan untuk minuman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan penggunaan posisi rekumben lateral kiri.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Infeksi hemoroid pada perineum. Anjurkan penggunaan
es selama 20menit setiap 4jam, penggunaan kompres witch hazel, dan peninggian
pelvis pada bantal sesuai kebutuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Palpasi kandung kemih, perhatikan adanya rasa penuh.
Memudhkan berkemih periodic setelah pengangkatan kateter indwelling.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Evaluasi terhadap sakit kepala, khususnya setelah
anesthesia subaraknoid. Hindari member obat pada klien sebelum sifat dan
penyebab sakit kepala di tentukan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan tirah baring pada posisi datar berbaring,
tingkatkan cairan, berikan minuman berkafein, bantu sesuai kebutuhan pada
perawatan klien dan bayi, dan berikan ikatn abdominal bila klien tegak, pada
adanya sakit kepala pasca-spinal. Beritahu dokter atau ahli anestesi sesuai
indikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Infeksi jaringan payudara dan putting; kaji terhadap
adanya pembesaran dan / atau putting pecah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 39.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 180.75pt;" valign="top" width="241">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Klien mungkin tidak secara verbal melaporkan nyeri
dan ketidaknyamanan secara langsung. Membedakan karakteristik khusus dari
nyeri membaqntu membedakan nyeri pasca operasidan terjadinya komplikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Meningkatkan pemecahan masalah, membantu mengurangi
nyeri berkenaan dengan ansietas dan ketakutan karna ketidak tahuan dan
memberikan rasa control.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada banyak klien, nyeri dapat menyebabkan gelisah
serta TD dan nadi meningkat. Analgesia dapat menurunkan TD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Selama 12jam pertama pascapartum, kontraksi uterus
kuat dan teratur, dan ini berlanjut selama 2-3 hari berikutnya, meskipun
frekuensi dan intensitasnya dikurangi. Factor – factor yang memperberat nyeri
penyerta meliputi multipara, overdistensi uterus, menyusui, dan pemberian
preparat ergot dan oksitosin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Napas dalam upaya meningkatkan upaya pernapasan.
Pembebatan menurunkan regangan dan ketegangan area insisi dan mengurangi
nyeri dan ketidaknyamanan berkenaan dengan gerakan otot abdomen. Batuk diindikasikam
bila sekresi atau ronki terdengar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurunkan ppembentukan gas dan meningkatkan
peristaltic untuk menghilangkan ketidak nyamanan karena akumulasigas, yang
sering memuncakpada hari ketiga setelahkelahiran sesaria.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memungkinkan gas meningkatkan dari kolon desenden ke
sigmoid, memudahkan pengeluaran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu regresi hemoroid dan varies vulva dengan
meningkatkan vasokontriksi menurunkan ketidaknyamanan dan gatal, dan
meningkatkan kembalinya fungsi usus normal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kembalinya fungsi kandung kemih normal memerlukan
4-7 hari, overdistensi kandung kemih menciptakan perasaan dorongan dan
ketidaknyamanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kebocoran cairan serebrospinal (CSS) melalui dura
meter ke dalam ruang ekstradural menurunkan volume yang diperlukan untuk
menyokong jaringan otak, menyebabkan batang otak turun ke dasar tengkorak
bila klien pada posisi tegak. HKK dapat menyebabkan serebral, memerlukan
intervensi lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurunkan beratnya sakit kepala dengan meningkatkan
cairan yang ada untuk produksi CSS dan menbatasi perpindahan posisi dari
otak. Sakit kepala berat dapat mengganggu kemampuan klien untuk melakukan
perawatan diri dan perawatan bayi. Sakit kepala teruz meneruz memerlukan
terapi lebih agresif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada 24jam pascapartum, payudara harus lunak dan
tidak nyeri tekan, dengan putting bebas dari area pecah-pecah atau adanya
kemerahan. Pembesaran payudara, nyeri tekan puting, atau adanya pecah-pecah
pada puting dapat terjadi 2-3 hari pacapartum dan memerlukam intervensi
segera untuk memudahkan kontinuitas menyusui dan mencegah komplikasi lebih
serius.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tabel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2.2)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ansietas berhubungan dengan krisis situasi, ancaman
pada konsep diri, transmisi/kontak interpersonal, kebutuhan tidak terpenuhi.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 72.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 195.0pt;" valign="top" width="260">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.1pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dorong keberadaan / partisipasi dari pasangan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Te</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ntukan
tingkat ansietas klien dan sumber dari masalah. Mendorong klien / pasangan
untuk mengungkapkan kebutuhan dan harapan yang tidak terpenuhi. Memberikan
informasi sehubungan dengan normalnya perasaan tersebut</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bantu klien / pasangan dalam mengidentifikasi
mekanisme koping yang lazim dan perkembangan strategi koping baru jika
dibutuhkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan informasi yang akurat tentang keadaan
klien/bayi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mulai kontak antara klien/pasangan dengan bayi
segera mungkin. Jika bayi dibawa ke neonatal intensive care unit (NICU),
bentuk jalur komunikasi antara staf perawatan dank lien / pasangan. Foto bayi
dan biarkan untuk dikunjungi bila kondisi fisik klien mengizinkan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 195.0pt;" valign="top" width="260">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memberikan dukungan emosional ; dapat mendorong
pengungkapan masalah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelahiran sesaria mungkin dipandang sebagai suatu
kegagalan dalam hidup oleh klien/pasangan dan hal tersebut dapat memiliki
dampak negative dalam proses ikatan / menjadi orang tua</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu memfasilitasi adaptasi yang positif
terhadap peran baru ; mengurangi perasaan ansietas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Khayalan yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya informasi
atau kesalahpahamanan dapat meningkatkan tingkat ansietas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengurangi ansietas yang mungkin berhubungan dengan
penanganan bayi, takut terhadap sesuatu yang tidak diketahui, dan/atau
menganggap hal yang buruk berkenanaan dengan keadaan bayi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tabel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2.3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Harga diri rendah situasional berhubungan dengan
merasa gagal dalam peristiwa kehidupan.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 69.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 168.4pt;" valign="top" width="225">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 76.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 76.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 170.1pt;" valign="top" width="227">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tentukan respons emosional klien / pasangan terhadap
kelahiran sesaria</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tinjau ulang partisipasi klien / pasangan dan peran
dalam pengalaman kelahiran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Tekankan kemiripan antara kelahiran sesaria dan
vagina. Sampaikan sikap positif terhadap kelahiran sesaria, dan atur
perawatan pascapartum sedekat mungkin pada perawatan yang diberikan pada
klien setelah kelahiran vagina</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rujuk klien/pasangan untuk konseling professional
bila reaksi maladaptif</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 76.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 168.4pt;" valign="top" width="225">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelahiran sesaria yang tidak direncanakan dapat
berefek negative terhadap harga diri klien, membuat klien merasa tidak
adekuat dan telah gagal sebagai wanita</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Respons berduka dapat berkurang bila ibu dan ayah
mampu saling berbagi akan pengalaman kelahiran. Dapat membantu menghindari
rasa bersalah/mempersalahkan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Klien dapat mengubah persepsinya tentang pengalaman
kelahiran sesarea sebagaimana persepsinya tentang kesehatannya atau penyakitnya
berdasarkan pada sikap professional</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Klien yang tidak mampu mengatasi rasa berduka atau
perasaan negative memerlukan bantuan professional lebih lanjut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(Tabel
2.4)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Resiko tinggi
terhadap Cedera. Faktor resiko dapat meliputi fungsi biokimia atau regulasi
(mis., hipotensi ortostatik, adanya HKK atau eklampsia), efek-efek anestesia,
tromboemboli, profil darah abnormal (anemia/kehilangan darah berlebihan,
sensitivitas terhadap rubella, inkompatibilitas Rh), trauma jaringan</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.5pt;" width="230">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.8pt;" width="234">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 172.5pt;" valign="top" width="230">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tinjau ulang catatan prenatal dan intrapartal
terhadap factor – factor yang mempredisposisikan klien pada komplikasi. Catat
kadar Hb dan kehilangan darah operatif</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pantau TTV. Catat kulit dingin, basah ; nadi lemah
dan halus ; perubahan perilaku ; pelambatan pengisian kapiler atau sianosis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Inspeksi balutan terhadap perdarahan berlebihan.
Catat tanggal drainase pada balutan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan karakter dan jumlah aliran lokhia dan
konsistensi fundus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pantau masukan cairan dan haluaran urine. Perhatikan
penampilan, warna, konsentrasi, dan berat jenis urine</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan ambulasi dini dan latihan, kecuali pada
klien yang mendapatkan anastesi subaraknoid.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bantu klien pada ambulasi awal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Minta klien duduk di lantai atau kursi dengan kepala
diantara kaki, atau biarkan berbaring pada posisi datar bila merasa pusing.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.8pt;" valign="top" width="234">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adanya factor – factor resiko seperti kelelahan
miometrial, distensi uterus berlebihan, stimulasi oksitosin lama, atau
tromboflebitis prenatal memungkinkan klien lebih rentan terhadap komplikasi
pascaoperasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tekanan darah yang tinggi dapat menandakan
terjadinya atau berlanjutnya hipertensi. Hipotensi dan takikardia dapat
menunjukkan dehidrasi dan hipovolemia tetapi mungkin tidak terjadi sampai
volume darah sirkulasi telah menurun sampai 35 – 50 %, dimana tanda
vasokonstriksi mungkin terlihat. Pireksia dapat menandakan infeksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Luka bedah dengan drain dapat membasahi balutan
namun rembesan biasanya tidak terlihat dan dapat menunjukkan terjadinya
komplikasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aliran lokhia seharusnya tidak banyak atau
mengandung bekuan, fundus harus tetap berkontraksi dengan kuat pada
umbilicus. Tonjolan uterus mengakibatkan peningkatan aliran dan kehilangan
darah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Fungsi ginjal adalah indeks kunci dari volume darah
sirkulasi. Bila haluaran menurun, berat jenis meningkat, dan sebaliknya.
Urine yang mengandung darah atau bekuan menunjukkan kemungkinan trauma
kandung kemih berkenaan dengan intervensi pembedahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Meningkatkan sirkulasi dan aliran balik vena dari
ekstremitas bawah, menurunkan risiko pembentukan thrombus, yang berkenaan
dengan stasis. Meskipun posisi rekumben setelah anastesia subaraknoid
dikontroversikan, hal ini dapat membantu mencegah kebocoran CSS dan sakit
kepala</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hipotensi ortostatik dapat terjadi pada perubahan
dari posisi telentang ke berdiri, atau mungkin sebagai akibat dari
vasodilatasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu mempertahankan atau meningkatkan sirkulasi
dan memberikan oksigen ke otak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tabel 2.5)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Resiko infeksi.
Faktor resiko dapat meliputi trauma jaringan/kulit rusak, penurunan Hb,
prosedur invasif dan/atau peningkatan pemajanan lingkungan, pecah ketuban lama,
mainutrisi.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.45pt;" valign="top" width="229">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 176.85pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.45pt;" valign="top" width="229">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan dan gunakan teknik mencuci tangan dengan
cermat dan pembuangan pengalas kotoran, pembalut parineal, linen
terkontaminasi dengan tepat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tinjauan ulang Hb/Ht prenatal; perhatikan adanya
kondisi yang mempredisposisikan klien pada infeksi pascaoperasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kaji status nutrisi klien. Perhatikan penampilan
rambut, kuku jari, kulit, dan sebagainya. Perhatikan berat badan sebelum
hamil dan penambahan berat badan prenatal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dorong masukan cairan oral dan diet tinggi protein,
vitamin C, dan besi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Infeksi balutan abdominal terhadap aksudat atau
rembesan. Lepaskan balutan sesuai iridikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan catatan operasi untuk penggunaan drain
dan sifat dari insisi. Bersihkan luka dang anti balutan bila basah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Infeksi insisi terhadap proses penyembuhan,
perhatikan kemerahan, edema, nyeri, eksudat, atau gangguan penyatuan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bantu sesuai kebutuhan pengangkatan jahitan kulit
atau klips.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dorong klien untuk mandi shower dengan menggunakan
air hangat setiap hari.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kaji suhu, nadi, dan jumlah sel darah putih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kaji lokasi dan kontraktilitas uterus; perhatikan
perubahan involusi atau adanya nyeri tekan uterus yang ekstrem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan jumlah dan bau rabas lokhia atau
perubahan pada kemajuan normal dari rubra menjadi serosa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pertahankan system drainese urin tertutup yang
steril.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan perawatan parenial dan kateter, dan
penggantian pengalas sering.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pertahan kantong drainese pada posisi tergantung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Catat frekuensi/jumlah dan karakteristik urine.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tingkatkan istirahat dan anjurkan penggunaan posisi
semi-fowler bila kewaspadaan anesthesia dilengkapi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Evaluasi kondisi puting, perhatikan adanya
pevah-pecah, kemerahan, atau nyeri tekan. Anjurkan pemeriksaan payudara
rutin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kaji bunyi paru dan pernafasan mudah atau susah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lakukan pembalikan, batuk, dan nafas dalam rutin
dengan pembebatan insisi setiap 2-4 jam saat terjadi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan oksitosin atau prapatan ergot.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pantau hasil tes laboratorium, seperti nitrogen urea
darah (BUN) dan urine 24 jam terhadap protein total, klirens kreatinin, dan
asam urat sesuai indikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan infuse antibiotic profilaktin, dengan dosis
biasanya diberikan segera setelah pengkleman tali pusat dan 2dosis lagi
masing-masing berjarak 6 jam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lakukan penggunaan spirometri insentif. Berikan
informasi sesuai kebutuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dapatkan specimen sputum sesuai indikasi oleh
perubahan pada warna atau bau sputum, adanya kongesti, dan peningkatan suhu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">26)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan antibiotic khusus untuk proses infeksi yang
teridentifikasi.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 176.85pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu mencegah atau membatasi penyebaran infeksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anemiamia, diabetes, persalinan yang lama sebelum
kelahiran sesaria meningkatkan resiko infeksi dan pelambatan penyembuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Klien yang berat badannya 20% di bawah berat normal,
atau yang anemia atau malnutrisi, lebih rentan terhadap infeksi pascapartum
dan dapat memerlukan diet khusus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mencegah rehidrasi; memaksimalkan volume sirkulasi
dan aliran urin. Protein dan vitamin C diperlukan untuk pembentukan kolagen;
besi diperlukan untuk sintesis Hb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Balutan streril menutupi luka pada 24 jam pertama
kelahiran sesaria membantu melindungi luka dari cedera atau kontaminasi.
Rembesan dapat menandakan hematomo, gangguan penyatuah jahitan, atau dehisens
luka, memerluka intervensi lanjut. Pengangkatan balutan memungkinkan insisi
mengengering dan meningkatkan penyembuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lingkungan lembab merupakan media paling baik untuk
pertumbuhan bakteri; bakteri daopat berpindah melalui aliran kapiler melalui
balutan basah ke luka.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tanda-tanda ini menunjukkan infeksi luka, biasanya
disebabkan oleh streptokokus, stapilokokus, atau sepsis pseudomonas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Insisi biasanya sudah cukup membaik untuk dilakukan
pengangkatan jahitan pada hari keempat atau kelima.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mandi shower. Biasanya diizinkan setelah hari kedua
sehabis kelahiran sesaria, meningkatkan hygiene dan dapat merangsang
sirkulasi serta penyembuhan luka.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Demam
setelah pascaoperasi hari ketiga, leukositesis, dan takikardia menunjukkan
infeksi. Peningkatan suhu sampai 38,7 C dalam 24 jam pertama sangad
mengindikasikan infeksi; peningkatan sampai 38 C pada hari kedua dalam 10
hari pertama pascapartum dalah bermakna.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setelah
kelahiran sesaria fundus tetap pada ketinggian selama sampai 5hari, bila
involusi mulai, disertai dengan peningkatan oliran lokhia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Secara
normal lokhia berbau amis; namaun pada endometritis rabas mungkin purelen dan
berbau busuk, dan dapat gagal menunjukkan kemajuan normal dari lokhia rubra menjadi
serosa sampai alba.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mencegah
introduksi bakteri bila kateter indwelling digunakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu
menghilangkan media pertumbuhan bakteri; meningkatkan hygiene.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menghindari
refluks urin, menurunkan resiko infeksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Statis
urinarius meningkatkan resiko infeksi. Urine keruh atau berbau busuk
menandakan adanya infeksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Istirahat
menurunkan proses metabolism, memungkinkan oksigen dan n utrien digunakan
untuk penyembuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terjadinya
fisura/pecah-pecah putting meperbesar resiko mastitis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ronki
menandakan tertahannya sekresi yang tidak seharusnya ada, bunyi nafas mungkin
berkurang selama 24 jam pertama setelah pembedahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memperbaiki
kedalaman pernafasan dan ekspansi alveolar; membersihkan sekresi bronchial
yang dapat memblok bronkioli.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mempertahankan
kontaktilitas miometrial, sehingga mencegah penyebaran bakteri melalui
dinding uterus; membantu mengeluarkan bekuan-bekuan/membran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada klien
yang telah mengalami HKK, keterlibatan ginjal atau vascular mungkin menetap,
atau ini tampak selama waktu-waktupertama selama periode pascapartum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurunkan
kemungkinan endometritis pascapartum sesuai komplikasi seperti abses insisi
atau tromboflebitis pelvis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Meningkatkan
pernafasan maksimal terus menerus, mengembangkan alveoli, dan mencegah
atelektasis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk
mengidentifikasi pathogen khusus dan terapi yang tepat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">26)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perlu
untuk mematikan organisme.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstipasi
berhubungan dengan penurunan tonus otot (diastasis rekti, kelebihan analgesik
atau anestesi, efek-efek progesterone, dehidrasi, diare prapersalinan, kurang
masukan, nyeri parineal/rektal.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.45pt;" valign="top" width="217">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 185.85pt;" valign="top" width="248">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.45pt;" valign="top" width="217">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Auskultasi terhadap adanya bising usus pada keempat
kuadran setiap 4jam setelah kelahiran sesaria.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Palpasi abdomen, perhatikan distensi atau
ketidaknyamanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan cairan oral yang adekuat, bila masukan oral
sudah mulai kembali.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Anjurkan latihan kaki dan pengencangan abdominal,
tingkatkan ambulasi dini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Identifikasi aktivitas-aktivitas dimana klien dapat
menggunakannya dirumah untuk merangsang kerja usus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan analgesic 30menit sebelum ambulasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan pelunak peses atau karaktik ringan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan sabun hipertonik atau kecil untuk enema.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Masukkan atau pertahankan selang nasogastrik sesuai
indikasi.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 185.85pt;" valign="top" width="248">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menentuka kesiapan terhadap pemberian makan per
oral, dan kemungkinan terjadinya komplikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menandakan pembentukan gas dan akumulasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Makanan kasar dan meningkatkan cairan yang
menghasilkan bulk, merangsang eliminasi, dan mencegah konstipasidefekasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Latihan kaki mengencangkan otot-otot abdomen dan
memperbaiki motilitas abdomen</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu dalam menciptakan kembali pola evakuasi
normal dan meningkatkan kemandirian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memudahkan kemampuan untuk ambulasi; namun,
narkotok, bila digunakan, dapat menurunkan aktifitas usus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Melunakkan feses, merangsang feristalsik, dan
membantu mengembalikan fungsi usus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Meningkatkan evakuasi usus dan menghilangkan distensi
karena gas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mungkin perlu untuk mendekomfresi lambung dang
menghilangkan distensi berkenaan dengan ileus paralitik.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tabel 2.7)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kurang
pengetahuan (kebutuhan belajar) mengenai perubahan fisiologis, periode
pemulihan, perawatan diri dan kebutuhan perawatan bayi berhubungan dengan
kurang pemajanan/mengingat, kesalahan interpretasi, tidak mengenal
sumber-sumber.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.45pt;" valign="top" width="229">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 176.85pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.45pt;" valign="top" width="229">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kaji kesiapan dan, motivasi klien untuk belajar.
Bantu klien/pasangan dalam mengidentifikasi kebutuhan-kebutuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan rencana penyuluhan tertulis dengan
menggunakan format yang distandardisasi atau ceklis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kaji keadaan fisik klien.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan status psikologis dan respons terhadap
kelahiran sesaria serta peran menjadi ibu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan informasi yang berhubungan dengan perubahan
fisiologis dan psikologis yang normal</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan atau kuatkan informasi yang berhubungan
dengan pemeriksaan pascapartum lanjutan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 176.85pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Periode pasca partum dapat menjadi pengalaman
positif bila kesempatan penyuluhan diberikan untuk membantu mengembangkan
pertumbuhan ibu, maturasi, dan kompetensi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu menjamin kelengkapan informasi yang
diterima orangtua dari anggota staf dan menurunkan konfusi klien yang
disebabkan oleh diseminasi nasihat atatu informasi yang menimbulkan konflik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketidaknyamanan berkenaan dengan insisi atau nyeri
penyerta, atau ketidaknyamanan usus/kandung kemih, biasanya berkurang
beratnya pada hari ketiga pascaoperasi, memungkinkan klien berkonsentrasi
lebih penuh dan lebih menerima penyuluhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ansietas yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan untuk
merawat diri sendiri dan anaknya, kekecewaan pada pengalaman kelahiran, atau
masalah – masalah berkenaan dengan perpisahannya dari anak dapat mempunyai
dampak negative pada kemampuan belajar dan kesiapan klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu klien mengenali perubahan normal dari
respons – respons abnormal yang mungkin memerlukan tindakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Evaluasi pascapartum untuk klien yang telah
menjalani kelahiran sesaria mungkin dijadwalkan minggu ketiga daripada minggu
keenam karena peningkatan risiko infeksi dan pelambatan pemulihan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tabel 2.8)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perubahan
Eleminasi urin berhubungan dengan trauma/diversi mekanis, efek-efek hormonal
(perpindahan cairan dan/atau peningkatan aliran plasma ginjal), efek-efek
anastesi.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" valign="top" width="228">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.3pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" valign="top" width="228">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan dan catat jumlah, warna, dan konsentrasi
drainase urin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tes urine terhadap albumin dan aseton. Bedakan
antara oroitenuria berkenaan dengan HKK dan yang berkenaan dengan proses
normal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan cairan per oral.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Palpasi kandung kemih. Pantau tinggi fundus dan
lokasi dan jumlah aliran lokhia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perhatikan tanda dan gejala infeksi saluran kemih
(ISK) setelah pengangkatan kateter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Gunakan metoda-metoda untuk memudahkan pengangkatan
kateter setelah berkemih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Intruksikan klien untuk melakukan latihan kegel
setiap hari setelah efek-efek anestesi berkurang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pertahankan
infuse intravena selama 24jam setelah pembedahan, sesuai indikasi.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 177.3pt;" valign="top" width="236">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Oliguira mungkin disebabkan oleh kelebihan
kehilangan cairan, ketidakadekuatan penggantian cairan, atau efek-efek
antidiuretik dari infus oksitosin.\</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses katalitik berkenaan dengan involusi uterus
dapat mengakibatkan proteinuria normal selama 2 hari pertama pascapartum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cairan meningkatkan hidrasi dan fungsi ginjal, dan
membantu mencegah stasis kandung kemih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aliran plasma ginjal, yang meningkat 25%-50% selama
periode prenatal, tetap tinggi pada minggu pertama pascapartum, mengakibatkan
peningkatan pengisian kandung kemih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adanya kateter indwelling mempredisposisikan klien
pada masuknya bakteri dan ISK.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Klien harus berkemih dalam 6-8 jam setelah
pengangkatan kateter, masih mungkin mengalami kesulitan pengososngan kandung
kemih secara lengkap.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Melakukan latihan kegel 100kali per hari
meningkatkan sirkulasi ke perineum, membantu memulihkan dan menyembuhkan
tonus otot pubokoksigeal, dan mencegah atau menurunkan stress inkontinensia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 12.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Biasanya,
3L cairan, meliputi larutan ringer laktat, adekuat untuk menggantikan
kehilangan dan mempertahankan aliran ginjal/halauran urine.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tabel 2.9)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kurang perawatan
diri berhubungan dengan efek-efek anastesia, penurunan kekuatan dan ketahanan,
ketidaknyamanan fisik.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .75in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">INTERVENSI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RASIONAL</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pastikan berat/durasi ketidak nyamanan. Perhatikan
adanya sakit kepala pascaspinal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tentukan tipe-tipe anesthesia, perhatikan adanya
pesanan atau protokl mengenai pengubahan posisi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ubah posisi klien setiap 1-2 jam, bantu dalam
latihan paru, ambulasi, dan latihan kaki.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan bantuan sesuai kebutuhan dengan higiene. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikan agens analgesic setiap 3-4 jam, sesuai
kebutuhan.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 203.85pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nyeri berat mempengaruhi respons emosi dan perilaku,
sehingga klien mungkin tidak mampu berfokus pada aktifitas perawatan diri
sampai kebutuhan fisiknya terhadap kenyamnan terpenuhi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Klien yang telah menjalani anstesia spinal dapat
diarahkan untuk berbaring datar dan tanpa bantal untuk 6-8 jam setelah
pemberian anastesia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membantu mencegah komplikasi bedah seperti phlebitis
atau pneumonia, yang dapat terjadi bila tingkat ketidak nyamanan mempengaruhi
pengubahan atau aktivitas normal klien.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memperbaiki harga diri, meningkatkan perasaan kesejahteraan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurunkan ketidaknyamanan, yang dapat mempengaruhi
kemampuan untuk melaksanakan perawatan diri.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(Tabel 2.10)</span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Implementasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Implementasi
merupakan tahap keempat dari proses keperawatan dimana rencana keperawatan
dilaksanakan : melaksanakan intervensi/ aktivitas yang telah ditemukan, pada
tahap ini perawat siap membantu pasien atau orang terdekat menerima stress
situasi atau prognosis, mencegah komplikasi, membantu program rehabilitas
individu, memberikan informasi tentang penyakit, prosedur, prognosis dan
kebutuhan pengobatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Evaluasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahap evaluasi
menentukan kemajuan pasien terhadap pencapaian hasil yang diinginkan dan respon
pasien terhadap dan keefektifan intervensi keperawatan. Kemudian mengganti
rencana perawatan jika diperlukan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Evaluasi
merupakan tahap akhir dari proses keperawatan.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BAB III</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TINJAUAN KASUS</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">PENGKAJIAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biodata</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Identitas
Klien</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Inisial
klien<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Ny “J”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Umur<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>: 38 tahun</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Jenis
kelamin<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Perempuan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Agama<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Islam</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pendidikan<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: SD</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pekerjaan
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: IRT</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Status
perkawinan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Kawin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Suku
/ bangsa<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Makassar/Indonesia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Alamat
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Bonto Biraeng</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanggal
MRS<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: 11 Juli 2012</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanggal
pengkajian<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: 12 Juli 2012</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>No.
RM<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: 28 85 35</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Diagnose
medis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Post Op sectio caesarea</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Identitas
Penanggung jawab</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Inisial
suami<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Tn. A</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Umur<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>: 42 tahun</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Jenis
kelamin<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Laki – laki </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Agama<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
islam</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pendidikan<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: SD</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pekerjaan
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Petani</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Status
perkawinan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Kawin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Suku
/ bangsa<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Makassar/Indonesia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Alamat<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Bontobiraeng</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Riwayat Keluhan</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keluhan
utama</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in;">
Nyeri pada luka
post op sectio caesarea</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Riwayat
keluhan utama</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: .75in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.9pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
P ( Provokatif )</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
Q ( Qualitas )</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
R ( Regional )</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
S ( Skala )</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
T ( Timing )</div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 13.5pt;" valign="top" width="18">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
:</div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 254.5pt;" valign="top" width="339">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Klien
merasakan nyeri setelah dilakukan operasi sectio caesarea</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Nyeri yang
dirasakan seperti disayat benda tajam</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Nyeri terasa
di abdomen</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Sedang (skala
nyeri 6 pada skala 0 – 10)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Dirasakan
sejak 2 hari yang lalu. Nyeri yang dirasakan terus – menerus</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Genogram</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Riwayat Kehamilan dan Persalinan </span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center;">
Tabel 2</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">No.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.85pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tahun</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.65pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe Persalinan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penolong</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis kelamin</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">BB lahir</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.15pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keadaan bayi waktu lahir</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Masalah kehamilan</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
1.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.85pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
1997</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.65pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Spontan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Bidan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
P</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
2500g</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.15pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Baik</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Tidak
ada</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
2.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.85pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
2000</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.65pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Spontan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Bidan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
P</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
2700g</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.15pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Baik</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Tidak
ada</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
3.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.85pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
2002</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.65pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Spontan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Bidan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
L</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
2650g</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.15pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Baik</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Tidak
ada</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
4.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.85pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
2005</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.65pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Spontan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Bidan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
P</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
2800g</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.15pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Baik</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Tidak
ada</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
5.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.85pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
2007</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.65pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Spontan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Dokter</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
L</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
2750g</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.15pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Baik</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Tidak
ada</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
6.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.85pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
2010</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.65pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Spontan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Bidan</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
L</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
2900g</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.15pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Baik</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Tidak
ada</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
7.</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.85pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
2012</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 61.65pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
SC</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Dokter</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
P</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
3350g</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.15pt;" valign="top" width="91">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Baik</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.85pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Tidak
ada</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengalaman menyusui : ya<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>berapa lama :</span> 13 tahun</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Riwayat Kehamilan saat ini </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berapa kali periksa kehamilan</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: 7 kali</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Masalah kehamilan</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: mual, muntah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Riwayat Persalinan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis persalinan</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">: S</span>C<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tgl/jam :</span>10 Juli 2012/15.37</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis kelamin bayi</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">: P</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">BB/PB </span>: 3350 <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">gram/</span><span lang="IN"> </span>48 <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">cm</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perdarahan</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">:</span>
± 270 <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">cc</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 0in .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Masalah dalam persalinan</span> : tidak
ada</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Riwayat Ginekologi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Masalah ginekologi</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: tidak ada</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Riwayat KB</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: klien menggunakan kontrasepsi suntik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Data Umum Kesehatan Saat Ini</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Status obstetrik<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: G 7 P 7 A 0 H 7</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bayi Rawat Gabung<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Ya</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Keadaan</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"> umum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Lemah </span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kesadaran<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Composmentis, GCS 15 (E4 , V5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>, M6 )</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">BB/TB<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
71 Kg/ 154 cm</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tanda – tanda Vital</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tekanan Darah<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: 130/90 mmHg</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Nadi<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: 90 kali/menit</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Suhu<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: 37,5 ºC</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pernapasan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: 24 kali/menit</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemeriksaan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"> Fisik</span></b></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kepala dan Leher</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 36.9pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252">
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kepala </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Mata </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Hidung </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Mulut</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Telinga </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Leher</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Masalah khusus</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Dada </span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Jantung </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Paru – paru </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Payudara</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Puting susu</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pengeluaran ASI</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Masalah khusus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Abdomen </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Involusi Uterus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.1pt; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tinggi fundus uteri</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kontraksi</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Posisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kandung kemih</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Fungsi pencernaan</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Masalah khusus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Perineum dan genital</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Vagina </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Perineum </span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Lokia</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Hemorrhoid</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Masalah khusus </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Ekstremitas</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Ekstremitas Atas</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Ekstremitas Bawah</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Masalah khusus</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Eliminasi</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Urine</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.1pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Kebiasaan BAK</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">BAK saat ini</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Fekal</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">kebiasaan BAB</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">BAB saat ini</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Masalah Khusus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Istirahat</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> dan Kenyamanan</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pola tidur </span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kebiasaan</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Siang</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Malam </span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pola tidur saat ini</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.5pt;" valign="top" width="243">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Rambut alopesia, tidak mudah tercabut, rambut
dan kulit kepala bersih, distribusi rambut merata, warna rambut hitam dan
panjang, tidak teraba adanya benjolan, lesi, dan luka</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Konjungtiva tidak anemis, sklera tidak ikterik,
fungsi penglihatan baik, pergerakan bola mata ke segala arah normal, refleks
pupil (+), sekret (-)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tampak simetris, tidak tampak secret, passage
udara lancar tidak ada hambatan, tidak ada sinus dan polip, fungsi penciuman
baik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">bibir dan mukosa mulut lembab, kebersihan baik,
tidak tampak adanya stomatitis, tidak ada karies, luka atau lesi (-)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">letak simetris, tidak ada serumen, tidak
ditemukan peradangan, fungsi pendengaran baik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">tidak teraba pembesaran kelenjar getah bening
dan kelenjar thyroid, fungsi menelan baik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Bunyi jantung I dan II murni, tidak ada bunyi
jantung tambahan atau mur – mur, irama reguler</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Bunyi napas vesikuler, ronchi (-), wheezing (-),
pergerakan dada simetris, respirasi normal artinya keadaan istirahat tidak
memerlukan usaha untuk bernapas, pernafasan reguler, frekuensi napas 24
kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Bentuk payudara simetris, tidak terdapat
benjolan, payudara agak bengkak, produksi ASI lancar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tampak menonjol kiri dan kanan, areola
kehitaman, dan agak melebar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Baik ( lancar )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pada abdomen terdapat luka operasi SC jenis
transperitonealis profunda (melintang). Luka jahitan ± sepanjang 14 cm.
Kondisi luka post operasi belum diketahui karena masih ditutup verban.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">1 cm di bawah pusat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak terdapat kontraksi uterus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Di bawah pusat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak terdapat distensi kandung kemih</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Baik, peristaltik usus 7 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Resiko infeksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Integritas kulit baik, edema (+), memar (-),
hematom (-), terpasang kateter (+)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tampak utuh dan bersih</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Terdapat lokia rubra, berwarna merah, berbau
amis darah, jumlah ± 240 ml</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak tampak adanya hemorrhoid</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Terpasang infus RL pada tangan kanan 20
tetes/menit, edema (-), varises (-), pergerakan baik, integritas kulit
elastis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Edema (-), varises (-), refleks patella (+)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">6 – 7 kali/hari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak ada gangguan, terpasang kateter, nyeri (-)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">1 – 2 kali/hari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">1 kali/hari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pukul 14.00 – 15.00</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pukul 22.00 – 05.30</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Sering terbangun tengah malam karena nyeri pada
luka operasi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 22.95pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 189.0pt;" valign="top" width="252">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Keluhan ketidaknyamanan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Lokasi </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Timbulnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Sifatnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Faktor pencetus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Skala </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Usaha klien untuk mengatasi </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Masalah khusus </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Mobilisasi</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> dan Latihan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tingkat mobilisasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Latihan/senam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Masalah khusus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Nutrisi
dan cairan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Asupan nutrisi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Asupan cairan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Masalah khusus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Keadaan mental</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Adaptasi psikologis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">( Penerimaan terhadap bayi )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Masalah khusus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kemampuan
menyusui</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="height: 22.95pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 13.5pt;" valign="top" width="18">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 22.95pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.5pt;" valign="top" width="243">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Klien mengatakan nyeri pada luka post op</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Sejak post partum tanggal 10 Juli 2012 pukul
15.37</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Terus – menerus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Nyeri bertambah bila bergerak banyak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Skala nyeri 6 (sedang)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Klien tampak meminimalkan gerakan/berhati – hati
bila bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Klien tampak meringis kesakitan saat mencoba
untuk bangun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Bertahap, mulai dari miring kiri kanan, duduk,
turun dari tempat tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Belum pernah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Klien takut bergerak banyak karena nyeri, klien
mengatakan aktivitasnya dibantu oleh keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Nafsu makan baik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">6 – 7 gelas/hari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Klien merasa sangat senang dengan kelahiran
bayinya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Klien tampak menyusui bayinya. Produksi ASI
lancar</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">m.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Obat – obatan yang dikonsumsi saat
ini<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Asam tranexamat 1 Amp/12jam/iv</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ranitidin 1 Amp/8 jam/iv</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ketorolac 1 Amp/8 jam/iv</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Cefotaxime 1 Amp/8 jam/iv</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">n.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil pemeriksaan penunjang :
Tanggal 9 Juli 2012</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HGB<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
12,5 g/dl<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>NN : 11,0 –
15,0 g/dl</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PENGUMPULAN DATA</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tabel 3</b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">No.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DATA</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">1.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">2.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">3.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">4.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">5.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">6.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">7.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">8.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">9.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">10.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">11.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">12.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">13.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">14.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">15.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">16.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">17.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">18.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">19.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">20.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 5.25in;" valign="top" width="504">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengeluh nyeri pada luka
Post Op SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan takut bergerak
banyak karena nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengeluh masih sering mulas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengeluh sering terbangun
tengah malam karena nyeri pada perutnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan aktivitasnya
dibantu oleh keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Klien
mengatakan nyeri yang dirasakan seperti disayat benda tajam</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Klien
mengatakan nyeri yang dirasakan secara terus – menerus</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KU lemah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak gelisah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak meringis saat mencoba
untuk bangun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien masih takut bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak berhati –hati bila
bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak meminimalkan gerakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Skala nyeri 6 (sedang)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tampak luka bekas Op SC yang masih
dibalut verban</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak sering menguap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak sering terbangun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi wajah klien tampak
mengantuk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tanda – tanda vital :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">TD : 130/90 mmhg</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:
90 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 37,5 ºC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 24 kali/menit</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DATA FOKUS</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">CP IA</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Data Fokus</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tabel 4</b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt;" width="274">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DATA SUBJEKTIF</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 203.95pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DATA OBJEKTIF</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengeluh nyeri pada luka
Post Op SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan takut bergerak
banyak karena nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengeluh sering terbangun
tengah malam karena nyeri pada perutnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan aktivitasnya
dibantu oleh keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Klien
mengatakan nyeri yang dirasakan seperti disayat benda tajam</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Klien
mengatakan nyeri yang dirasakan secara terus – menerus</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 203.95pt;" valign="top" width="272">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KU lemah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak gelisah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak meringis saat mencoba
untuk bangun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien masih takut bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak berhati –hati bila
bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak meminimalkan gerakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Skala nyeri 6 (sedang)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tampak luka bekas Op SC yang masih
dibalut verban</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak sering menguap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak sering terbangun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi wajah klien tampak
mengantuk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.55pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tanda – tanda vital : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TD : 130/90 mmhg</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 90 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 37,5 ºC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>: 24 kali/menit</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">ANALISA DATA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">CP IB</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Analisa Data</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tabel 5</b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1152;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">No.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DATA</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" valign="top" width="210">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">ETIOLOGI</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 87.0pt;" valign="top" width="116">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">MASALAH</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">1.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">2.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">3.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">4.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 138.0pt;" valign="top" width="184">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Data subjektif :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengeluh nyeri<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada luka bekas operasi SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b. </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan takut bergerak
banyak karena nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Klien
mengatakan nyeri yang dirasakan seperti disayat benda tajam</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Klien
mengatakan nyeri yang dirasakan secara terus – menerus</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Data objektif :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak meringis saat mencoba
untuk bergerak </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b. </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak meminimalkan gerakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak berhati – hati bila
bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Skala nyeri 6 (sedang)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Data subjektif :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengeluh sering terbangun
tengah malam karena nyeri pada perutnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Data objektif :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak gelisah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak sering menguap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi wajah klien tampak
mengantuk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak sering terbangun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Data subjektif :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan aktivitasnya
dibantu oleh keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan takut bergerak
banyak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Data objekif :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KU lemah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak berhati – hati bila
bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Faktor resiko :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tampak luka post Op SC yang masih
dibalut verban</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tanda REEDA</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R : kemerahan : tidak
E : edema : tidak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">E : ekimosis : tidak </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">D : discharge serum / pus
/ darah : tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 20.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : approximate :
tampak bekas luka post Op</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.5pt;" valign="top" width="210">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t32" o:oned="t" o:spt="32" path="m,l21600,21600e">
<v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none">
<o:lock shapetype="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-top: 14.3pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251647488;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 86px; margin-top: 18px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251647488;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tindakan SC </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-top: 38.2pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251648512;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 86px; margin-top: 50px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251648512;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1027" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Terputusnya kontinuitas jaringan</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Keluarnya zat – zat vasoaktif
(histamin, bradikinin, serotonin)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-top: -.6pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251649536;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251649536;"><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; left: 86px; position: absolute; top: -2px; width: 12px;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1028" width="12" /></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1029" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-top: 59.1pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251650560;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 86px; margin-top: 78px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251650560;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1029" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Merangsang reseptor nyeri pada ujung – ujung saraf bebas</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1030" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-top: 39.7pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251651584;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 86px; margin-top: 52px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251651584;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1030" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Nyeri dihantarkan ke dorsal spinal lord</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Thalamus</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1031" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-top: -.8pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251652608;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251652608;"><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; left: 86px; position: absolute; top: -2px; width: 12px;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1031" width="12" /></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Cortex serebri</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1032" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-top: -.25pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251653632;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251653632;"><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; left: 86px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 12px;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1032" width="12" /></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1033" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 69.1pt; margin-top: 18.45pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251654656;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 86px; margin-top: 24px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251654656;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1033" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Nyeri dipersepsikan</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"> Gangguan rasa nyaman nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Nyeri luka post Op SC</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1037" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 66.3pt; margin-top: 1.25pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251658752;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="1" width="82"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1037" width="12" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1036" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 66.3pt; margin-top: 60.05pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251657728;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 82px; margin-top: 79px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251657728;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1036" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Rangsangan ke pusat jaga / pepticular activating system (RAS)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1035" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 66.3pt; margin-top: 37.9pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251656704;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 27px; left: 0px; margin-left: 82px; margin-top: 50px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251656704;"><img height="27" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1035" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Rapid eye movement menurun</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien terjaga/sering terbangun</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1034" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 66.3pt; margin-top: -1.25pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251655680;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251655680;"><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; left: 82px; position: absolute; top: -3px; width: 12px;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1034" width="12" /></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan pola tidur</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1038" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 66.3pt; margin-top: 18.75pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251659776;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 82px; margin-top: 24px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251659776;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1038" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tindakan SC</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1039" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 66.3pt; margin-top: 16.85pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251660800;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 82px; margin-top: 21px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251660800;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1039" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Adanya luka post Op</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1042" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 66.3pt; margin-top: 19.05pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251664896;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 82px; margin-top: 24px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251664896;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1042" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Nyeri</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien takut bergerak banyak karena
nyeri bertambah</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1041" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 66.3pt; margin-top: .55pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251662848;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="0" width="82"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1041" width="12" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan mobilitas fisik</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Terdapat luka post Op SC</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1040" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 67.2pt; margin-top: 2.1pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251661824;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="2" width="84"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1040" width="12" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Terputusnya kontinuitas jaringan</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1044" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 67.2pt; margin-top: 1.65pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251666944;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="1" width="84"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1044" width="12" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1043" o:connectortype="straight" style="height: 18.7pt; left: 0; margin-left: 67.2pt; margin-top: 60.85pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 0; z-index: 251665920;" type="#_x0000_t32">
<v:stroke endarrow="block">
</v:stroke></v:shape><span style="height: 28px; left: 0px; margin-left: 84px; margin-top: 80px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 251665920;"><img height="28" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\WINDOW~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1043" width="12" /></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Adanya luka operasi merupakan post de entry mikroorganisme</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Resiko infeksi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 87.0pt;" valign="top" width="116">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Nyeri</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan pola tidur</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan mobilitas fisik</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Resiko infeksi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">CP II</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diagnosa Keperawatan</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tabel 6</b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">No.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.5pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tanggal ditemukan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tanggal teratasi</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">1.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">2.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">3.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">4.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Nyeri b/d terputusnya kontinuitas
jaringan </span>akibat tindakan operatif SSTP</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan pola tidur b/d nyeri pada
luka post Op</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan mobilitas fisik b/d
kelemahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Resiko infeksi b/d </span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">rusaknya pertahanan primer</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.5pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">12 Juli 2012</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">12 Juli 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">12 Juli 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">12 Juli 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">14 Juli 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">14 Juli 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">14 Juli 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Belum teratasi</span></div>
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</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">INTERVENSI
KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div>
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</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">CP III</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Intervensi Keperawatan</span></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Nyeri
akut b/d terputusnya kuntinuitas jaringan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">akibat tindakan
operatif SSTP</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">, ditandai
dengan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DS :</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
mengeluh nyeri pada luka bekas operasi SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
mengatakan masih sering mulas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Klien mengatakan nyeri yang dirasakan
seperti disayat benda tajam</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Klien mengatakan nyeri yang dirasakan
secara terus – menerus</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DO :</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KU
lemah</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
tampak meringis saat mencoba untuk bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Skala
nyeri 6 (sedang)</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">TUJUAN : </span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 2 x 24
jam diharapkan nyeri terkontrol, dengan kriteria hasil : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KU
baik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">skala
nyeri 1 – 2 (ringan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi
wajah rileks</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">INTERVENSI :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Observasi
tingkat nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Mengetahui sampai tingkat mana nyeri yang dialami
klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Observasi
TTV</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Melihat perkembangan KU klien dimana rangsang nyeri
dapat meningkatkan TTV</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Atur
posisi berbaring misalnya dengan posisi supine</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Dengan posisi ini dapat mengurangi tekanan pada
area operasi sehingga rasa nyeri berkurang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ajarkan
teknik relaksasi dengan menarik nafas dalam saat nyeri timbul</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Relaksasi dengan cara menarik nafas dalam membuat
otot – otot rileks sehingga nyeri berkurang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Lakukan
teknik distraksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Mengalihkan perhatian ke hal yang lain sehingga
tidak terlalu fokus pada nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Kolaborasi
dalam pemberian analgetik : injeksi ketorolac</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Membantu dalam mengurangi rasa nyeri, dengan
memblokade pusat hantaran nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan
pola <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tidur b/d nyeri luka post Op,
ditandai dengan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DS :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
mengatakan sering terbangun tengah malam karena nyeri pada perutnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DO :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
tampak gelisah </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
tampak sering menguap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi
wajah klien tampak mengantuk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">TUJUAN : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 2 x 24
jam diharapkan kebutuhan istirahat tidur klien terpenuhi, dengan kriteria hasil
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">klien
mengatakan tidurnya nyenyak/ pulas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
tampak tenang</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
mengatakan tidurnya cukup</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi
wajah tampak segar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 166.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">INTERVENSI :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Beri
posisi yang nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Posisi yang nyaman dapat meningkatkan relaksasi
sehingga menstimulasi untuk tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ciptakan
lingkungan yang tenang dan nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Lingkungan yang tenang dapat memberikan rasa nyaman
sehingga mempermudah klien untuk tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ajarkan
teknik relaksasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Memberi rasa nyaman pada klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan
klien untuk mengkonsumsi makanan / minuman tinggi protein sebelum tidur (susu)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Pencernaan protein menghasilkan triptopan yang
mempunyai efek sedatif</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HE
tentang manfaat terpenuhinya kebutuhan istirahat dan tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Meningkatkan pengetahuan klien dan diharapkan mampu
bekerja sama dengan perawat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan
mobilitas fisik b/d kelemahan, ditandai dengan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DS :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
mengatakan aktivitasnya dibantu oleh keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
mengatakan takut bergerak banyak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 204.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DO :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KU
lemah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
tampak berhati – hati bila bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">TUJUAN : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 2 x 24
jam diharapkan klien mampu <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>beraktivitas
seperti semula, dengan kriteria hasil :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KU
baik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien
dapat melakukan mobilisasi secara bertahap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">INTERVENSI : </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Pantau
kemampuan klien dalam beraktivitas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/
Mengetahui sampai sejauh mana kemampuan klien dalam beraktivitas</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Bantu
klien dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/
Untuk memandirikan ibu dan meminimalkan terjadinya kelemahan fisik yang lebih
lanjut</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Bantu
klien untuk mobilisasi secara bertahap</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/
Mobilisasi meningkatkan sirkulasi darah sehingga mempercepat penyembuhan luka,
nyeri berkurang, klien dapat bergerak atau beraktivitas tanpa adanya keluhan
nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HE
tentang pentingnya mobilisasi post SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/
Meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang pentingnya mobilisasi sehingga memotivasi
ibu untuk melakukannya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Resiko infeksi b/d rusaknya pertahanan primer</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">, dengan faktor resiko :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tampak
luka bekas operasi yang dibalut verban</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tanda
REEDA</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R
: kemerahan : tidak </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">E
: edema : tidak</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">E
: ekimosis : tidak </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">D
: discharge serum/pus/ darah : tidak ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A
: approximate : tampak bekas luka post Op</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">TUJUAN : </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 2 x 24
jam diharapkan Infeksi tidak terjadi, dengan kriteria hasil :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Perbaikan
luka tepat waktu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">TTV
dalam batas normal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tidak
ditemukan adanya tanda – tanda REEDA</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">INTERVENSI : </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Monitor TTV serta tanda – tanda infeksi (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">jumlah,
warna, dan bau dari luka operasi).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">R/
</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Deteksi dini terhadap adanya
tanda – tanda infeksi. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adanya warna yang lebih gelap disertai
bau tidak enak mungkin merupakan tanda infeksi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Merawat luka dengan teknik septik dan antiseptik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Mencegah masuknya
mikroorganisme melalui luka operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan klien untuk mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi
protein dan intake cairan yang adekuat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Protein berperan
mengganti sel – sel yang rusak dan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan klien untuk mobilisasi secara bertahap</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Mobilisasi meningkatkan
sirkulasi darah sehingga mempercepat penyembuhan luka</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan klien untuk menjaga kebersihan vulva / tubuh
/ area operasi, meminimalkan infeksi nasokomial dengan menjaga kebersihan
lingkungan dan batasi pengunjung</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Mencegah faktor resiko
penularan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Kolaborasi
dalam penatalaksanaan pemberian antibiotik : injeksi cefotaxime </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">R/ Memblok invasi
berkembangbiaknya mikroorganisme dengan merubah PH jaringan sesuai dengan
spektrum antibiotik yang digunakan</span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></b><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">G.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">IMPLEMENTASI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">CP IV</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Implementasi</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tabel 8</b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.15pt;" valign="top" width="142">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">HARI/TANGGAL</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 33.35pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DX</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">JAM</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">IMPLEMENTASI DAN HASIL</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.15pt;" valign="top" width="142">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
Jumat</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
13
Juli 2012</div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
Sabtu
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
14
Juli 2012</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 33.35pt;" valign="top" width="44">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
3</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
4</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
3</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
4</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.00</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.10</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.25</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.40</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.50</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.00</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.10</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.15</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.20</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.30</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.45</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.00</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.10</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.25</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.30</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.45</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.55</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
12.10</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
12.20</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
12.30</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
12.45</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.00</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.10</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.15</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.30</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
09.45</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.00</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.10</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.20</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.30</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
10.45</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.00</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.15</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.35</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.45</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
11.55</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
12.10</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
12.30</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
12.45</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
12.50</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
13.00</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
13.15</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 229.5pt;" valign="top" width="306">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengobservasi tingkat nyeri</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : skala nyeri 6 (sedang)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengobservasi TTV</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : TD : 130/80 mmHg</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 84 kali/menit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 37ºC</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 24 kali/menit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengatur posisi klien dengan posisi supine</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : klien merasa nyaman </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengajarkan teknik relaksasi dengan menarik nafas
dalam saat nyeri timbul</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : klien menarik nafas dalam saat nyeri timbul dan klien merasa
nyaman</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Melakukan teknik distraksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : klien senang diajak bercerita</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kolaborasi dalam penatalaksanaan pemberian analgetik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : injeksi ketorolac 1 Amp/8 jam/iv</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: -.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Memberi posisi yang nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien
istirahat dengan posisi supine</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menciptakan lingkungan yang tenang
dan nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : perawat
membatasi pengunjung</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Mengajarkan teknik relaksasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien tampak
menarik nafas dalam ketika nyeri timbul dan klien merasa nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menganjurkan klien untuk
mengkonsumsi makanan / minuman tinggi protein sebelum tidur (susu)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien
mengatakan akan melakukan anjuran perawat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HE tentang manfaat terpenuhinya
kebutuhan istirahat dan tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien tampak
mengerti</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Memantau kemampuan klien dalam
beraktivitas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien tidak
mampu beraktivitas karena nyeri pada luka post operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Membantu klien dalam memenuhi
kebutuhannya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien
mengatakan tidak perlu karena ada keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Membantu klien untuk mobilisasi
secara bertahap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien hanya
mampu dibantu miring kanan dan miring kiri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HE tentang pentingnya mobilisasi
post SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien tampak
mengerti</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Memonitor TTV serta adanya tanda –
tanda infeksi seperti warna, panas, bengkak, dan nyeri</span>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : TD : 120/80
mmhg</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:
84 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:
37 C</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:
24 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tidak terdapat tanda –
tanda infeksi di sekitar luka operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Merawat luka dengan teknik septik
dan antiseptik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : cuci tangan
sebelum dan sesudah prosedur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menganjurkan klien untuk
mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi protein dan intake cairan yang adekuat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien tampak
mengerti</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menganjurkan klien untuk
mobilisasi secara bertahap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien hanya
mampu dibantu miring kanan dan miring kiri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menganjurkan klien untuk menjaga
kebersihan vulva / tubuh / area operasi, meminimalkan infeksi nasokomial
dengan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan batasi pengunjung</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : lingkungan
tampak bersih</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Kolaborasi dalam penatalaksanaan
pemberian antibiotik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : injeksi
cefotaxime 1gr/12 jam/iv</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengobservasi tingkat nyeri</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : skala nyeri 5 (sedang)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengobservasi TTV</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : TD : 120/90 mmHg</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 80 kali/menit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 37ºC</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 20 kali/menit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengatur posisi klien dengan posisi supine</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : klien merasa nyaman </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengajarkan teknik relaksasi dengan menarik nafas
dalam saat nyeri timbul</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : klien merasa nyaman</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Melakukan teknik distraksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : klien senang diajak bercerita</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kolaborasi dalam penatalaksanaan pemberian analgetik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Hasil : injeksi ketorolac 1 Amp/8 jam/iv</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: -.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Memberi posisi yang nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien diberi
posisi terlentang dan klien merasa nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menciptakan lingkungan yang tenang
dan nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : perawat
membatasi pengunjung</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Mengajarkan teknik relaksasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien menarik
nafas dalam ketika nyeri timbul dan klien merasa nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menganjurkan klien untuk
mengkonsumsi makanan / minuman tinggi protein sebelum tidur (susu)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien
mengatakan akan melakukan anjuran perawat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HE tentang manfaat terpenuhinya
kebutuhan istirahat dan tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien tampak
mengerti</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Memantau kemampuan klien dalam
beraktivitas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien sudah
bisa duduk di tempat tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Membantu klien dalam memenuhi
kebutuhannya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien dibantu
oleh keluarga dalam memenuhi aktivitas sehari - hari</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Membantu klien untuk mobilisasi
secara bertahap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien mampu miring
kanan dan miring kiri di tempat tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HE tentang pentingnya mobilisasi
post SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien tampak
mengerti</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Memonitor TTV serta adanya tanda –
tanda infeksi seperti warna, panas, bengkak, dan nyeri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TD : 120/80 mmhg</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:
80 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 37,5º C</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 20 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tidak terdapat tanda –
tanda infeksi di sekitar luka operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Merawat luka dengan teknik septik
dan antiseptik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : cuci tangan
sebelum dan sesudah prosedur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menganjurkan klien untuk
mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi protein dan intake cairan yang adekuat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien tampak
mengerti</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menganjurkan klien untuk
mobilisasi secara bertahap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : klien
melakukan mobilisasi secara bertahap mulai dari miring kiri dan miring kanan
hingga duduk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Menganjurkan klien untuk menjaga
kebersihan vulva / tubuh / area operasi, meminimalkan infeksi nasokomial
dengan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan batasi pengunjung</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : lingkungan
tampak bersih dan pengunjung dibatasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Kolaborasi dalam penatalaksanaan
pemberian antibiotik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Hasil : injeksi
cefotaxime 1gr/12 jam/iv</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">H.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">CATATAN PERKEMBANGAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">CP VII</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Catatan Perkembangan</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Tabel 9</span></b></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HARI/TANGGAL</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">DX</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">JAM</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">EVALUASI / SOAP</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Jumat</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">13 Juli 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Sabtu</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">14 Juli 2012</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">1</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">2</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">3</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">4</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">1</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">2</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">3</span></div>
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<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">4</span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">13.15</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">13.30</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">13.45</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">14.00</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">13.20</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">13.30</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">13.45</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">14.00</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 243.0pt;" valign="top" width="324">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">klien mengatakan masih nyeri pada luka<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">klien mengatakan masih sering mulas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">O :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">klien tampak meringis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">klien tampak lemah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">skala nyeri 6 (sedang)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">observasi TTV :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">TD : 120/80 mmhg</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">N<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 80 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 37º C</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 84 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : nyeri belum teratasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P : lanjutkan intervensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Atur posisi klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ajarkan teknik relaksasi dengan
menarik napas dalam saat nyeri timbul</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Lakukan teknik distraksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Observasi tingkat nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5. </span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Kolaborasi penatalaksanaan
pemberian analgetik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S : Klien mengeluh sering
terbangun tengah malam karena nyeri pada luka operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">O : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak gelisah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak sering terbangun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak sering menguap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi wajah tampak mengantuk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : Gangguan pola tidur belum
teratasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P : Lanjutkan intervensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Beri posisi yang menyenangkan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ciptakan lingkungan yang tenang
dan nyaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ajarkan teknik relaksasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan klien untuk mengkonsumsi
makanan/minuman tinggi protein sebelum tidur misalnya susu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HE tentang manfaat
terpenuhinya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kebutuhan istirahat tidur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan aktivitasnya dibantu oleh keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan masih takut bergerak banyak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">O :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak berhati – hati bila bergerak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">ADL tampak dibantu oleh keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : gangguan mobilitas fisik belum
teratasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P : lanjutkan intervensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Bantu klien dalam memenuhi
kebutuhannya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Bantu klien untuk mobilisasi
secara bertahap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Pantau kemampuan klien dalam
beraktivitas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 30.6pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HE tentang pentingnya mobilisasi
post SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S : –</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">O : kondisi luka operasi tampak
baik, tidak terdapat tanda – tanda infeksi di sekitar luka operasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : infeksi tetap menjadi resiko</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P : Lanjutkan intervensi</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Monitor
TTV serta tanda – tanda infeksi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Rawat
luka dengan teknik septik dan antiseptik</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan
klien untuk mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi protein dan intake cairan yang
adekuat</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan
klien untuk mobilisasi secara bertahap</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan
klien untuk menjaga kebersihan vulva / tubuh / area operasi,
meminimalkan infeksi nasokomial dengan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan
batasi pengunjung</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Kolaborasi
dalam penatalaksanaan pemberian antibiotik</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan nyeri berkurang saat bergerak dan sama sekali tidak
nyeri saat istirahat atau duduk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">O :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi wajah nampak rileks</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Skala nyeri 2 (ringan)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Observasi TTV :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">TD : 120/70 mmHg</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">N<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 90 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:36,5º C</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: 20 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : Nyeri teratasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>intervensi dihentikan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan tidurnya nyenyak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">O : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien tampak tenang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi wajah tampak segar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : Gangguan pola tidur teratasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P : intervensi dihentikan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien mengatakan tidak mampu bergerak banyak karena nyeri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">O :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Klien sudah dapat berjalan sendiri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Ekspresi wajah nampak tenang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Pemenuhan aktivitas sehari – hari dilakukan dengan bantuan sangat
minimal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : gangguan mobilitas fisik
teratasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P : intervensi dihentikan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">S :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">O : – tidak terdapat tanda – tanda
infeksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– suhu badan 37º C</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">A : infeksi tetap menjadi resiko</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">P : lanjutkan intervensi</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Monitor
TTV serta tanda – tanda infeksi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Rawat
luka dengan teknik septik dan antiseptik</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan
klien untuk mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi protein dan intake cairan yang
adekuat</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan
klien untuk mobilisasi secara bertahap</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Anjurkan
klien untuk menjaga kebersihan vulva / tubuh / area operasi,
meminimalkan infeksi nasokomial dengan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan
batasi pengunjung</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Kolaborasi
dalam penatalaksanaan pemberian antibiotik</span></li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<b>BAB IV</b></div>
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<b>PEMBAHASAN</b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada BAB ini penulis akan membandingkan hasil
tinjauan kasus pada klien yang dirawat di RSUD<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Syekh Yusuf Gowa</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan tinjauan kepustakaan yang ada. Pada
kasus ini diagnosa ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesa dan pemeriksaan fisik.</div>
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Dalam membahas
asuhan keperawatan ini, penulis menggunakan lima tahap proses keperawatan
menurut Gebbie dan Levin yaitu : Pengkajian, Diagnosa keperawatan,
Implementasi, dan evaluasi.</div>
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Asuhan
keperawatan adalah proses atau rangkaian kegiatan pada praktek keperawatan yang
langsung diberikan kepada klien, pada berbagai<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>tatanan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pelayanan kesehatan,
dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menggunakan metodologi proses
keperawatan. Dalam lingkup dan wewenang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>serta tanggung<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jawab
keperawatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kegiatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang dilakukan adalah dalam<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>peningkatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, penyembuhan dan pemulihan.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pengkajian</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Pengkajian
yang dilakukan pada klien post partum diruang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>nifas RSUD <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Syekh Yusuf Gowa</span>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jika dibandingkan dengan tinjauan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kepustakaan yang ada pada BAB II<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tidak ada perbedaannya karena semua
langkah-langkah pengkajian dimulai dari<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>tahap<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pengkajian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>telah dilakukan dengan baik. Sesuai dengan
teori yang ada pada tinjauan kepustakaan langkah-langkah pengkajian dimulai
dari pengumpulan data, menganalisa, mengklasifikasi dan merumuskan diagnosa
keperawatan. Data yang diperoleh dari klien, keluarga, catatan medis dan tim
kesehatan lainnya. Pada tahap pengkajian ini penulis tidak menemukan kendala
yang berarti dalam mengumpulkan data dan mencari informasi yang berhubungan
dengan pemeriksaan untuk mendapatkan data karena berkat dukungan dan kerjasama
yang baik dari berbagai pihak akhirnya data tersebut dapat diperoleh.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Pada
pengkajian berdasarkan konsep asuhan keperawatan, data yang terdapat dalam
teori adalah demam, muntah, berkeringat, muka merah, dilatasi pupil, nyeri,
hipertensi, gangguan penglihatan, edema, konstipasi. Sedangkan dalam
pelaksanaan studi kasus data yang didapatkan dalam kasus adalah nyeri akibat
tindakan pembedahan, mulas pada perut, gelisah. </div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Berdasarkan
gambaran kasus diatas terdapat kesenjangan antara kasus dan teori dimana pada
kasus tidak didapatkan keluhan demam, muntah, berkeringat, muka merah, dilatasi
pupil, nyeri, hipertensi, gangguan penglihatan, edema, konstipasi. Hal ini
disebabkan karena setiap orang berbeda dalam proses adaptasi penyakitnya,
karena setiap orang memiliki respon imun yang berbeda-beda terhadap penyakit. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Diagnosa
Keperawatan.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Diagnosa keperawatan yang lazim terjadi pada
pesien post partum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>antara lain:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perubahan proses keluarga berhubungan dengan perkembangan
transisi/peningkatan anggota keluarga, krisis situasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ketidaknyamanan : Nyeri (Akut) berhubungan dengan
trauma pembedahan, efek-efek anastesia, efek-efek hormonal, distensi kandung
kemih/abdomen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ansietas berhubungan dengan krisis situasi, ancaman
pada konsep diri, transmisi/kontak interpersonal, kebutuhan tidak terpenuhi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Harga diri rendah situasional berhubungan dengan
merasa gagal dalam peristiwa kehidupan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Resiko Cedera. Faktor resiko dapat meliputi fungsi
biokimia atau regulasi (mis., hipotensi ortostatik, adanya HKK atau eklampsia),
efek-efek anestesia, tromboemboli, profil darah abnormal (anemia/kehilangan
darah berlebihan, sensitivitas terhadap rubella, inkompatibilitas Rh), trauma
jaringan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Resiko infeksi. Faktor resiko dapat meliputi trauma
jaringan/kulit rusak, penurunan Hb, prosedur invasif dan/atau peningkatan
pemajanan lingkungan, pecah ketuban lama, mainutrisi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstipasi berhubungan dengan penurunan tonus otot
(diastasis rekti, kelebihan analgesik atau anestesi, efek-efek progesterone,
dehidrasi, diare prapersalinan, kurang masukan, nyeri parineal/rektal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kurang pengetahuan (kebutuhan belajar) mengenai
perubahan fisiologis, periode pemulihan, perawatan diri dan kebutuhan perawatan
bayi berhubungan dengan kurang pemajanan/mengingat, kesalahan interpretasi,
tidak mengenal sumber-sumber.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perubahan Eleminasi urin berhubungan dengan
trauma/diversi mekanis, efek-efek hormonal (perpindahan cairan dan/atau
peningkatan aliran plasma ginjal), efek-efek anastesi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kurang perawatan diri berhubungan dengan efek-efek
anastesia, penurunan kekuatan dan ketahanan, ketidaknyamanan fisik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 13.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Sedangkan
dalam studi kasus ini sesuai kebutuhan pasien ditegakkan 4 diagnosa keperawatan
yaitu :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Nyeri
b/d terputusnya kontinuitas jaringan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">akibat tindakan
operatif SSTP</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan
pola tidur b/d nyeri pada luka post Op SC</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan
mobilitas fisik b/d kelemahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Resiko
infeksi b/d </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">rusaknya pertahanan
primer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Dari data
di atas, terdapat 8 diagnosa pada teori yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>tidak ditemukan pada kasus yaitu:</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perubahan proses keluarga berhubungan dengan
perkembangan transisi/peningkatan anggota keluarga, krisis situasi. Diagnose
ini tidak diangkat karena </span>klien sudah mengetahui dan mengerti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tentang perawatan bayi dan karena klien
banyak belajar dari orang tuanya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ansietas berhubungan dengan krisis situasi, ancaman
pada konsep diri, transmisi/kontak interpersonal, kebutuhan tidak terpenuhi.
Diagnose ini tidak diangkat karena klien mengatakan bahwa ansietas yang
dirasakan klien sudah menurun ke tingkat yang dapat diatasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Harga diri rendah situasional berhubungan dengan
merasa gagal dalam peristiwa kehidupan. Diagnose ini tidak diangkat karena
klien mengatakan tidak malu dengan kondisinya saat ini</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Resiko Cedera. Faktor resiko dapat meliputi fungsi
biokimia atau regulasi (mis., hipotensi ortostatik, adanya HKK atau eklampsia),
efek-efek anestesia, tromboemboli, profil darah abnormal (anemia/kehilangan
darah berlebihan, sensitivitas terhadap rubella, inkompatibilitas Rh), trauma
jaringan. Diagnose ini tidak diangkat karena pada saat pengkajian tidak
ditemukan adanya factor – factor yang dapat menimbilkan cedera.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstipasi berhubungan dengan penurunan tonus otot
(diastasis rekti, kelebihan analgesik atau anestesi, efek-efek progesterone,
dehidrasi, diare prapersalinan, kurang masukan, nyeri parineal/rektal. Diagnose
ini tidak diangkat karena pada saat pengkajian klien mengatakan sudah BAB.
Peristaltic usus 7 kali/menit</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"> Kurang pengetahuan (kebutuhan belajar) mengenai
perubahan fisiologis, periode pemulihan, perawatan diri dan kebutuhan perawatan
bayi berhubungan dengan kurang pemajanan/mengingat, kesalahan interpretasi,
tidak mengenal sumber-sumber. Diagnose ini tidak diangkat karena </span>klien
sudah mengetahui dan mengerti<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tentang
perawatan bayi dan karena klien sudah memiliki banyak pengalaman sebagai
seorang ibu</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perubahan Eleminasi urine berhubungan dengan
trauma/diversi mekanis, efek-efek hormonal (perpindahan cairan dan/atau
peningkatan aliran plasma ginjal), efek-efek anastesi. Diagnosis ini tidak
diangkat karena pada saat pengkajian tampak terpasang kateter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kurang perawatan
diri berhubungan dengan efek-efek anastesia, penurunan kekuatan dan ketahanan,
ketidaknyamanan fisik. Diagnose ini tidak diangkat karena tampak klien dibantu
oleh keluarga dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan personal hygiene.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Disamping itu terdapat 2 diagnosa yang ada pada kasus tetapi
tidak terdapat dalam teori yaitu :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan
pola tidur b/d nyeri pada luka post Op. Diagnosa ini ditemukan pada kasus
karena nyeri yang dialami klien sehingga pola tidur klien terganggu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Gangguan
mobilitas fisik b/d kelemahan. Diagnosa ini ditemukan pada kasus karena </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">keadaan
umum klien yang lemah sehingga kebutuhan ADL klien dibantu di tempat tidur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perencanaan</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Dari 4 masalah keperawatan yang muncul pada
kasus, selanjutnya dibuat rencana keperawatan sebagai tindakan pencegah masalah
keperawatan yang ada, kemudian menentukan tindakan yang tepat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rencana telah dilakukan sesuai dengan kondisi
klien dan ternyata tidak ada kesenjangan yang terjadi antara teori dengan
kenyataan yang ada. Dimana semua rencana yang tertera dalam teori juga
direcanakan pada kasus</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Implementasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Dalam
melaksanakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>intervensi keperawatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>penulis tidak mendapat hambatan yang berarti,
semua intervensi (rencana tindakan) dapat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>terlaksana dengan melibatkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>klien dan keluarganya, klien bersikap lebih terbuka, kooperatif dan
mudah diajak bekerjasama, mudah menerima penjelasan dan saran serta klien
berpartisipasi aktif dalam tindakan keperawatan. </div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Evaluasi</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Evaluasi
pada klien post partum dilakukan secara formatif dan secara sumatif. Evaluasi
secara formatif<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>telah dilaksanakan
secara terus menerus untuk menilai setiap langkah perkembangan kesehatan klien.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Pada
evaluasi sumatif dilaksanakan sesuai dengan waktu yang ada pada perencanaan
dengan hasil tidak ditemukan komplikasi yang membahayakan baik bagi ibu maupun bayinya
, dan tidak terdapat infeksi pada luka post SC serta orang tua dapat menerima
kehadiran bayinya.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Untuk
masalah yang belum teratasi tindakannya diberikan pada saat akan pulang
dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>memberikan Discharge Planning
(perencanaan klien pulang ) sehingga klien mengetahui hal-hal yang harus
dilakukan di rumah dan mengetahui kapan harus datang ke rumah sakit untuk
kontrol.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Faktor pendukung dan penghambat.</span></div>
<ol align="justify" start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Faktor pendukung</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adanya kerja sama yang baik dengan petugas
ruangan dan keadaan klien dan keluarga yang kooperatif dalam melaksanakann
tindakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adanya partisifasi dari pembimbing lahan
dan institusi dalam membimbing mahasiswa praktek dan pengambilan kasus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keluarga klien yang sangat kooperatif
dalam menerima semua anjuran tim kesehatan yang menunjang kesembuhan klien.</span></div>
<ol align="justify" start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Faktor penghambat </span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diperolehnya data yang berbeda antar
anggota keluarga klien untuk perumusan rencana tindakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penggunaan bahasa yang kadang tidak
dimengerti oleh penu</span>l<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">is. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><strong>BAB V</strong></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><strong>
</strong></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><strong>PENUTUP</strong></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span><h2 style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">A.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Kesimpulan</span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span><h2 style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Setelah
melaksanakan intervensi dan pembelajaran kesehatan selama di </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">ruang perawatan nifas RSUD
</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Sye</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">kh</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Yusu</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">f</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
Kabupaten Gowa dengan diagnosa persalinan Se</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">ct</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">io Caesaria, </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">penulis </span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">menyimpulkan sebagai berikut :</span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span><h2 style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">sectio
caesarea adalah suatu persalinan buatan guna melahirkan janin lewat insisi pada
dinding abdomen dan uterus dengan syarat rahim dalam keadaan utuh serta berat
di atas 500 gram.</span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span><h2 style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Masa nifas adalah masa waktu antara kelahiran plasenta dan membran yang
menandai berakhirnya periode intrapartum sampai waktu menuju kembalinya system
reproduksi wanita tersebut ke kondisi tidak hamil (Anggraini, Yetti : hal 2)</span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span><h2 style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Dalam penerapan Asuhan keperawatan
secara sistematis dari pengkajian sampai evaluasi pada Ny. </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">J</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
dengan persalinan</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">se</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">ct</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">io caesaria ditemukan </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">empat</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> diagnosa keperawatan, tidak semua diagnosa
yang ditemukan adalah aktual, dari semua diagnosa yang diangkat: </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">nyeri </span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">dapat teratasi, </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">gangguan pola tidur dapat teratasi, gangguan mobilitas fisik dapat
teratasi, dan </span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">infeksi </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">tetap menjadi resiko</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">. Nyeri masih ada namun mulai berkurang dan klien mulai dapat beradaptasi
dengan rasa nyerinya</span></span><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">. </span></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span><h2 style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Sesuai dengan teori pada pasien
Seksio Caesaria</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">terdapat 10 diagnosa
keperawatan tetapi pada praktik hanya ditemukan </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">3</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> diagnosa aktual dan </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">1</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
diagnosa yang bersifat risiko yang ditemukan sesuai dengan respon dan kondisi
klien</span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span><h2 style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">5.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Berakhirnya praktik</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Program DIII keperawatan </span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">di </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">RSUD</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Sye</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">k</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">h Yusu</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">f</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Kabupaten Gowa lebih khusus dalam penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan pada Ny</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">. J</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, tidak terlepas dari peranan pembimbing</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">dalam
memberikan bimbingan secara terus-menerus juga antusias menyediakan fasilitas
yang dibutuhkan.</span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span><h2 style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">B.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Saran</span></span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Berdasarkan pengalaman penulis dalam praktek dan dalam
rangka pemberian pelayanan profesional dan peningkatan mutu tenaga perawatan,
maka penulis menyarankan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Institusi pendidikan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar
memberikan bekal pengetahuan yang optimal kepada mahasiswa selama mengikuti
kuliah dan diberikan pengawasan yang cukup saat menimbah pengalaman di Rumah
Sakit serta bimbingan yang adekuat sehingga betul – betul menjadi perawat yang
profesional di bidang keperawatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR;">Diharapkan
kepada pembimbing agar terus meningkatkan intensitas bimbingan dan komunikasi
serta koordinasi yang lebih baik sehingga mutu praktek keperawatan dari hari
kehari semakin meningkat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Keluarga / masyarakat</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
Agar
tetap melanjutkan upaya – upaya kesehatan yang telah diketahui dan disarankan
demi peningkatan derajat kesehatan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rumah Sakit</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar
dalam penerapan asuhan keperawatan sebaiknya menerapkan teori yang telah
dipelajari dengan menyesuaikan kondisi klien pada saat itu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="GSW-FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: GSW-FR;">Agar proses keperawatan berlangsung dengan tepat dan
benar hendaknya pengadaan sarana penunjang/alat-alat dapat disediakan sehingga
dapat dimanfaatkan semaksimal dan seefektif mungkin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Penulis</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diharapkan dapat membuat asuhan
keperawatan melalui pendekatan proses keperawatan yang lebih sistematis</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ambarwati, Eny R dan Diah Wulandari. 2010. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Asuhan Kebidanan Nifas</b>. Yogyakarta :
Nuha Medika</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anggraini, Yetti. 2010. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Asuhan Kebidanan Masa Nifas</b>. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Rihama</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anonim. 2010. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Askep
Sectio Caesarea</i>, (online), (</span><a href="http://dc372.4shared.com/doc/x-jweDfl/preview.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://dc372.4shared.com/doc/x-jweDfl/preview.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
diakses 21 Oktober 2012 pukul 21.00 Wita)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Doenges, Marilynn E. 2001. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rencana Perawatan Maternal/Bayi : Pedoman Untuk Perencanaan Dan Dokumentasi
Perawatan Klien Edisi 2</b>. Jakarta : EGC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jitowiyono, <b>Sugeng dan Weni Kristiyanasari</b>.
2010. Asuhan Keperawatan Post<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Operasi. Yogyakarta : Nuha Medika</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mitayani. 2011<b>. Asuhan Keperawatan
Maternitas</b>. Jakarta : Salemba Medika</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nugroho, Taufan. 2011. <b>Asuhan Keperawatan
Maternitas, Anak, Bedah, Penyakit Dalam</b>. Yogyakarta : Nuha Medika</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oxorn, Harry dan William R. Forte. 2010. <b>Ilmu
Kebidanan : Patologi dan Fisiologi Persalinan</b>. Yogyakarta : Yayasan
Essentia Medica (YEM)</span></div>
<b><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><br /></span></b>
<br />Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-32258766955970257142012-06-17T20:23:00.000-07:002012-06-17T20:23:51.304-07:00STRES DAN ADAPTASI<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB I</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LATAR BELAKANG</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Manusia harus selalu menyesuaikan diri dengan kehidupan dunia yang selalu berubah-ubah. Manusia sebagaimana ia ada pada suatu ruang dan waktu, merupakan hasil interaksi antara jasmani, rohani, dan lingkungan. Ketiga unsure tersebut saling mempengaruhi satu dengan yang lain. Dalam segala masalah, kita harus mempertimbangkan ketiganya sebagai suatu keseluruhan (holistic) sehingga manusia disebut makhluk somato-psiko-sosial.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Oleh karena itu, apabila terjadi gangguan pada jasmani, akan menimbulkan usaha penyesuaian secara fisik atau somatic. Demikian pula apabila terjadi gangguan pada unsure rohani, akan menimbulkan usaha penyesuaian secara psikologis. Usaha yang dilakukan organism untuk mengatasi stress agar terjadi keseimbangan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang terus-menerus dalam batas tertentu dan tetap dapat mempertahankan hidup dinamakan homeostasis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber gangguan jasmani (somatic) maupun psikologis adalah stress. Apabila kita mampu mengatasi keadaan stress, perilaku kita cenderung berorientasi pada tugas <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(task oriented)</i>, yang intinya untuk menghadapi tuntutan keadaan. Namun, apabila stress mengancam perasaan, kemampuan, dan harga diri kita, reaksi kita cenderung pada orientasi pembelaan ego <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(ego defence-oriented)</i>. Penyesuaian yang berorientasi pada tugas disebut adaptasi dan yang berorientasi pada pembelaan ego disebut “mekanisme pertahanan diri atau MPE = Mekanisme Pertahanan/Pembelaan Ego <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">( Ego defence mechanism)”.</i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>melihat latar belakang yang telah diuraikan di atas tentang pentingnya penyesuaian diri pada setiap individu, maka yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam makalah ini yaitu membahas tentang stress dan adaptasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TUJUAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menjelaskan pengertian stress dan adaptasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menjelaskan penggolongan stres dan faktor yang mempengaruhi stres</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menjelaskan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">sumber atau penyebab stress psikologis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menjelaskan tahapan-tahapan stres</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menjelaskan reaksi tubuh terhadap stres dan cara yang perlu dilakukan oleh setiap individu dalam mengendalikan stres</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menjelaskan tujuan dan jenis adaptasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk mekanisme pertahana ego</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MANFAAT</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sebagai bahan pembelajaran dalam mata kuliah Psikologi Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagai bahan referensi bagi mahasiswa dan pihak-pihak lain yang akan melakukan penyusunan makalah dengan topic yang sama</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">STRES DAN ADAPTASI</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">STRES</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dewasa ini perubahan tata nilai kehidupan (perubahan psikososial) berjalan begitu cepat karena pengaruh globalisasi, modernisasi, informasi, industrialisasi, serta ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Hal tersebut berpengaruh terhadap pola hidup, moral, dan etika. Beberapa contoh perubahan pola hidup, misalnya pola hidup social religius berubah individualistis, materialistis, dan sekuler; pola hidup produktif ke pola hidup konsumtif dan mewah; dan ambisi karier yang menganut asas moral dan etika hukum ke cara KKN.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perubahan psikososial dapat merupakan tekanan mental ( stressor psikososial ) sehingga bagi sebagian individu dapat menimbulkan perubahan dalam kehidupan dan berusaha beradaptasi untuk menanggulanginya. Stresor psikososial, seperti perceraian karena tidak diamalkannya kehidupan religious dalam rumah tangga, masalah orang tua dengan banyaknya kenakalan remaja, dll.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengertian Stres</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">“Stres adalah reaksi atau respons tubuh terhadap stressor psikososial (tekanan mental atau beban kehidupan)” ( Dadang Hawari, 2001).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">“Stres adalah suatu kekuatan yang mendesak atau mencekam; yang menimbulkan suatu ketegangan dalam diri seseorang “ (Soeharto Heerdjan, 1987). </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Secara umum, yang dimaksud “Stres adalah reaksi tubuh terhadap situasi yang menimbulkan tekanan, perubahan, ketegangan emosi, dan lain-lain”.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">“Stres adalah segala masalah atau tuntutan penyesuaian diri, dan karena itu, sesuatu yang mengganggu keseimbangan kita” ( Maramis, 1999).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Vincent Cornelli, sebagaimana dikutip oleh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Grant Brecht (2000) bahwa yang dimaksud “Stres adalah ganguan pada tubuh dan pikiran yang disebabkan oleh perubahan dan tuntutan kehidupan, yang dipengaruhi baik oleh lingkungan maupun penampilan individu di dalam lingkungan tersebut”.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penggolongan Stres</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Apabila ditinjau dari penyebab stress, menurut Sri Kusmiati Desminiarti (1990 ), dapat digolongkan sebagai berikut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres fisik</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, disebabkan oleh suhu atau temperature yang terlalu tinggi atau rendah, suara amat bising, sinar yang terlalu terang, atau tersengat arus listrik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres kimiawi</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, disebabkan oleh asam-basa kuat, obat-obatan, zat beracun, hormone, atau gas.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mikrobiologik</i>, disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri atau parasit yang menimbulkan penyakit’</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres fisiologik</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, disebabkan oleh gangguan struktur , fungsi jaringan, organ atau sistemik sehingga menimbulkan fungsi tubuh tidak normal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, disebabkan oleh gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada masa bayi hingga tua.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres psikis/emosional</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, disebabkan oleh gangguan hubungan interpersonal, social, budaya, atau keagamaan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun menurut Brench Grand (2000), stress ditinjau dari penyebabnya hanya dibedakan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyebab makro</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, yaitu menyangkut peristiwa besar dalam kehidupan, seperti kematian, perceraian, pensiun, luka batin, dan kebangkrutan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penyebab mikro</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, yaitu menyangkut peristiwa kecil sehari-hari, seperti pertengkaran rumah tangga, beban pekerjaan, masalah apa yang akan dimakan, dan antri.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Stres</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Faktor biologis</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Herediter, konstitusi tubuh, kondisi fisik, neurofsiologik, dan neurohormonal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Faktor psikoedukatif/sosio cultural</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Perkembangan kepribadian, pengalaman, dan kondisi lain yang mempengaruhi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber Stres Psikologis</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .55pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Maramis (1999), ada empat sumber atau penyebab stress psikologis, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Frustasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Timbul akibat kegagalan dalam mencapai tujuan karena ada aral melintang, misalnya apabila ada perawat Puskesmas lulusan SPK bercita-cita ingin mengikuti D3 Akper program khusus puskesmas, tetapi tidak diizinkan oleh istri/suami, tidak punya biaya, dan sebagainya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Frustasi ada yang bersifat intrinsic (cacat badan dan kegagalan usaha) dan ekstrinsik (kecelakaan, bencana alam, kematian orang yang dicintai, kegoncangan ekonomi, pengangguran, perselingkuhan, dan lain-lain).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konflik</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Timbulnya karena tidak bisa memilih antara dua atau lebih macam keinginan, kebutuhan, atau tujuan. Bentuknya approach-approach conflict, approach-avoidance conflict, atau avoidance-avoidance conflict.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tekanan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Timbul sebagai akibat tekanan hidup sehari-hari. Tekanan dapat berasal dari dalam diri individu, misalnya cita-cita atau norma yang terlalu tinggi. Tekanan yang berasal dari luar diri individu, misalnya orang tua menuntut anaknya agar di sekolah selalu ranking satu atau istri menuntut uang belanja yang berlebihan kepada suami.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Krisis</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Krisis yaitu keadaan yang mendadak, yang menimbulkan stress pada individu, misalnya kematian orang yang disayangi, kecelakaan, dan penyakit yang harus segera dioperasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keadaan stress dapat terjadi beberapa sebab sekaligus, misalnya frustasi, konflik, dan tekanan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tahapan Stres</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Dr. Robert J. Van Amberg (1979), sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Prof. Dadang Hawari (2001) bahwa tahapan stress sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres tahap pertama (paling ringan), yaitu stress yang disertai perasaan nafsu bekerja yang besar dan berlebihan , mampu meyelesaikan pekerjaan tanpa memperhitungkan tenaga yang dimiliki, dan penglihatan menjadi tajam</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres tahap kedua, yaitu stress yang disertai keluhan, seperti bangun pagi tidak segar atau letih, lekas capek pada saat menjelang sore, lekas lelah sesudah makan, tidak dapat rileks, lambung atau perut tidak nyaman (bowel discomfort), jantung berdebar, otot tengkuk, dan punggung tegang. Hal tersebut karena cadangan tenaga tidak memadai</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres tahap ketiga, yaitu tahapan stress dengan keluhan, seperti defekasi tidak teratur (kadang-kadang diare), otot semakin tegang, emosional, insomnia, mudah terjaga dan sulit hidup kembali (middle insomnia), bangun terlalu pagi dan sulit tidur kembali (late insomnia), koordinasi tubuh terganggu, dan mau jatuh pingsan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres tahap keempat, yaitu tahapan stress dengan keluhan, seperti tidak mampu bekerja sepanjang hari (loyo), aktivitas pekerjaan terasa sulit dan menjenuhkan , respon tidak adekuat, kegiatan rutin terganggu, gangguan pola tidur, sering menolak ajakan, konsentrasi dan daya ingat menurun, serta timbul ketakutan dan kecemasan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres tahap kelima, yaitu tahapan stress yang ditandai dengan kelelahan fisik dan mental (physical and psychological exhaustion), ketidakmampuan menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang sederhana dan ringan, gangguan pencernaan berat, meningkatnya rasa takut dan cemas, bingung, dan panic.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stres tahap keenan (paling berat), yaitu tahapan stress dengan tanda-tanda, seperti jantung berdebar keras, sesak napas, badan gemetar, dingin, dan banyak keluar keringat, loyo, serta pingsan atau collaps.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Reaksi Tubuh Terhadap Stres</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rambut</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Warna rambut yang semula hitam pekat, lambat laun mengalami perubahan warna menjadi kecoklat-coklatan serta kusam. Ubanan (rambut memutih) terjadi sebelum waktunya, demikian pula dengan kerontokan rambut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mata</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ketajaman mata seringkali terganggu misalnya kalau membaca tidak jelas karena kabur. Hal ini disebabkan karena otot-otot bola mata mengalami kekenduran atau sebaliknya sehingga mempengaruhi fokus lensa mata.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Telinga</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendengaran seringkali terganggu dengan suara berdenging (tinitus).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daya pikir</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemampuan bepikir dan mengingat serta konsentrasi menurun. Orang menjadi pelupa dan seringkali mengeluh sakit kepala pusing.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekspresi wajah</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wajah seseorang yang stress nampak tegang, dahi berkerut, mimic nampak serius, tidak santai, bicara berat, sukar untuk senyum/tertawa dan kulit muka kedutan (<i>tic facialis</i>).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mulut</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mulut dan bibir terasa kering sehingga seseorang sering minum. Selain daripada itu pada tenggorokan seolah-olah ada ganjalan sehingga ia sukar menelan, hal ini disebabkan karena otot-otot lingkar di tenggorokan mengalami spasme (<i>muscle cramps</i>) sehingga serasa “tercekik”.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kulit</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada orang yang mengalami stress, reaksi kulit bermacam-macam; pada kulit dari sebahagian tubuh terasa panas atau dingin atau keringat berlebihan. Reaksi lain kelembaban kulit yang berubah, kulit menjadi lebih kering. Selain daripada itu perubahan kulit lainnya adalah merupakan penyakit kulit, seperti munculnya eksim, urtikaria (biduran), gatal-gatal dan pada kulit muka seringkali timbul jerawat (<i>acne</i>) berlebihan; juga sering dijumpai kedua belah tapak tangan dan kaki berkeringat (basah).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Pernafasan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pernafasan seseorang yang sedang mengalami stres dapat terganggu misalnya nafas terasa berat dan sesak disebabkan terjadi penyempitan pada saluran pernafasan mulai dari hidung, tenggorokan dan otot-otot rongga dada. Nafas terasa sesak dan berat dikarenakan otot-otot rongga dada (otot-otot antar tulang iga) mengalami spasme dan tidak atau kurang elastic sebagaimana biasanya. Sehingga ia harus mengeluarkan tenaga ekstra untuk menarik nafas. Stres juga dapat memicu timbulnya penyakit asma (<i>asthma bronchiale</i>) disebabkan karena otot-otot pada saluran nafas paru-paru juga mengalami spasme.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Kardiovaskuler</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem jantung dan pembuluh darah atau kardiovaskuler dapat terganggu faalnya karena stres. Misalnya, jantung berdebar-debar, pembuluh darah melebar (<i>dilatation</i>) atau menyempit (<i>constriction</i>) sehingga yang bersangkutan nampak mukanya merah atau pucat. Pembuluh darah tepi (perifer) terutama di bagian ujung jari-jari tangan atau kaki juga menyempit sehingga terasa dingin dan kesemutan. Selain daripada itu sebahagian atau seluruh tubuh terasa “panas” (<i>subfebril</i>) atau sebaliknya terasa “dingin”.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Pencernaan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orang yang mengalami stres seringkali mengalami gangguan pada sistem pencernaannya. Misalnya, pada lambung terasa kembung, mual dan pedih; hal ini disebabkan karena asam lambung yang berlebihan (<i>hiperacidity</i>). Dalam istilah kedokteran disebut gastritis atau dalam istilah awam dikenal dengan sebutan penyakit maag. Selain gangguan pada lambung tadi, gangguan juga dapat terjadi pada usus, sehingga yang bersangkutan merasakan perutnya mulas, sukar buang air besar atau sebaliknya sering diare.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Perkemihan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orang yang sedang menderita stress <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>faal perkemihan (air seni) dapat juga terganggu. Yang sering dikeluhkan orang adalah frekuensi untuk buang air kecil lebih sering dari biasanya, meskipun ia bukan penderita kencing manis (<i>diabetes mellitus</i>).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Otot dan tulang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stres dapat pula menjelma dalam bentuk keluhan-keluhan pada otot dan tulang (<i>musculoskeletal</i>). Yang bersangkutan sering mengeluh otot terasa sakit (keju) seperti ditusuk-tusuk, pegal dan tegang. Selain daripada itu keluhan-keluhan pada tulang persendian sering pula dialami, misalnya rasa ngilu atau rasa kaku bila menggerakan anggota tubuhnya. Masyarakat awam sering mengenal gejala ini sebagai keluhan ”pegal-linu”.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">m.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Endokrin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gangguan pada sistem endokrin (hormonal) pada mereka yang mengalami stress adalah kadar gula yang meninggi, dan bila hal ini berkepanjangan bisa mengakibatkan yang bersangkutan menderita penyakit kencing manis (<i>diabetes mellitus</i>); gangguan hormonal lain misalnya pada wanita adalah gangguan menstruasi yang tidak teratur dan rasa sakit (<i>dysmenorrhoe</i>).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cara Mengendalikan Stres</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kenali penyabab stress</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meskipun terdengar mudah, namun tidak segampang itu untuk mengenali sumber stress. Apabila stress baru saja terjadi, mungkin anda bisa segera mengenali penyebabnya. Namun pada stress jangka panjang, penyebabnya mungkin sudah anda lupakan atau bertumpuk-tumpuk dengan penyebab stress baru. Apabila sudah benar-benar mengenali penyabab stress, berkonsentrasilah pada masalah tersebut. Apabila belum bisa dipecahkan dengan segera, cobalah untuk setidaknya memperkecil dampaknya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Buatlah perencanaan yang baik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stres terjadi karena perubahan. Jika Anda sudah merencanakanlah semua hal dengan baik, stres tidak akan berakibat buruk. Perubahan seharusnya bisa dilakukan dengan menyenangkan. Namun, tanpa perencanaan yang matang, perubahan bisa menjadi malapetaka. Buatlah perencanaan yang baik untuk segala hal: bekerja, bersenang-senang, menikmati saat istirahat di rumah, hingga merencanakan keuangan dengan benar. Hidup Anda bisa menjadi sangat menyenangkan atau sangat muram. Semuanya terserah Anda</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jagalah kesehatan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tubuh yang sehat akan lebih mudah mengatasi stres. Makan dan berolahraga dengan teratur dan jangan lupakan istirahat dengan cukup. Perbaiki kondisi kesehatan Anda. Mengatur pola makan dan berolahraga dengan porsi yang tidak tepat, kadangkala justru membuat tubuh Anda menjadi lemas. Lakukanlah dengan benar dan tidak berlebihan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jagalah perasaan anda</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berhentilah selalu menjaga perasaan orang lain. Jika perasaan Anda tak dijaga, dampaknya juga akan buruk untuk orang-orang di sekitar Anda. Tidak ada salahnya menolak hal-hal yang tidak Anda sukai dan tunjukkanlah perasaan Anda pada orang lain. Untungnya, perempuan seringkali lebih mudah menunjukkan perasaan ketimbang seorang lelaki.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mintalah bantuan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika tingkat stres sudah terlalu tinggi dan merusak kesehatan Anda, berkonsultasilah pada orang-orang terdekat Anda atau pada konsultan ahli. Jangan biarkan diri Anda menderita stres terlalu lama.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ADAPTASI (MEKANISME PENYESUAIAN DIRI)</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada beberapa pengertian tentang mekanisme penyesuaian diri, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">W.A.Gerungan (1996) menybutkan bahwa “Penyesuaian diri adalah mengubah diri sesuai dengan keadaan lingkungan, tetapi juga mengubah lingkungan sesuai dengan keadaan (keinginan diri)”.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengubah diri sesuai dengan keadaan lingkungan sifatnya pasif (autoplastis), misalnya seorang bidan desa harus dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan norma-norma dan nilai-nilai yang dianut masyarakat desa tempat ia bertugas.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebaliknya, apabila individu berusaha untuk mengubah lingkungan sesuai dengan keinginan diri, sifatnya adalah aktif (alloplastis), misalnya seorang bidan desa ingin mengubah perilaku ibu-ibu di desa untuk meneteki bayi sesuai dengan manajemen laktasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menurut Soeharto Heerdjan (1987), “Penyesuaian diri adalah usaha atau perilaku yang tujuannya mengatasi kesulitan dan hambatan”.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adaptasi merupakan pertahanan yang di dapat sejak lahir atau diperoleh karena belajar dari pengalaman untuk mengatasi stress. Cara mengatasi stress dapat berupa membatasi tempat terjadinya stress, mengurangi, atau menetralisasi pengaruhnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 32.7pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adaptasi adalah suatu cara penyesuaian yang berorientasi pada tugas (task oriented).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan Adaptasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghadapi tuntutan keadaan secara sadar</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghadapi tuntutan keadaan secara realistic</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghadapi tuntutan keadaan secara objektif</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghadapi tuntutan keadaan secara rasional</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Cara yang ditempuh dapat bersifat terbuka maupun tertutup, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menghadapi tuntutan secara frontal (terang-terangan).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Regresi (menarik diri) atau tidak mau tahu sama sekali.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kompromi (kesepakatan).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Contoh :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seorang mahasiswa gagal dalam ujian akhir program, mungkin ia akan bekerja keras (terang-terangan), regresi dengan keluar dari pendidikan, serta mungkin mau mengulang lagi dengan berusaha semampunya (kompromi).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Jenis Adaptasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adaptasi Fisiologik, bisa terjadi secara local atau umum.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Contoh :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seseorang yang mampu mengatasi stress, tangannya tidak berkeringat dan tidak gemetar, serta wajahnya tidak pucat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Seseorang yang mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan keadaan yang berat dan merasa mengalami gangguan apa-apa pada organ tubuh.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adaptasi psikologis, bisa terjadi secara :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sadar : Individu mencoba memecahkan/menyesuaikan diri dengan masalah</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tidak sadar : Menggunakan mekanisme pertahanan diri (defence mechanism).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menggunakan gejala fisik (konversi) atau psikofisiologik/psikosomatik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Apabila seseorang mengalami hambatan atau kesulitan dalam beradaptasi, baik berupa tekanan, perubahan, maupun ketegangan emosi dapat menimbulkan stress. Stres bisa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>terjadi apabila<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tuntutan atau keinginan diri tidak terpenuhi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo20; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://miaputri.blogspot.com/2010/06/mekanisme-pertahanan-ego.html"><b><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Mekanisme Pertahanan Ego</span></b></a></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bentuk-bentuk mekanisme pertahanan ego yaitu sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Represi (melupakan isi kesadaran)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yang paling dasar di antara mekanisme pertahanan lainnya. suatu cara pertahanan untuk menyingkirkan dari kesadaran pikiran dan perasaan yang mengancam. represi terjadi secara tidak disadari.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Denial</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(penyangkalan)</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memainkan peran defensif, sama seperti represi. orang menyangkal untuk melihat atau menerima masalah atau aspek hidup yang menyulitkan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reaction Formation (melakukan tindakan yang berlawanan)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Salah satu pertahanan terhadap impuls yang mengancam adalah secara aktif mengekspresikan impuls yang bertentangan dengan keinginan yang mengganggu, orang tidak usah harus menghadapi anxietas yang muncul seandainya ia menemukan dimensi yang ini (yang tidak dikehendaki) dari dirinya. individu mungkin menyembunyikan kebencian dengan kepura-puraan cinta, atau menutupi kekejaman dengan keramahan yang berlebihan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Displacement (pemindahan)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">salah satu cara menghadapi anxietas adalah dengan memindahkannya dari objek yang mengancam kepada objek “yang lebih aman”. misalnya orang penakut yang tidak kuasa melawan atasannya melampiaskan hostilitasnya di rumah kepada anak-anaknya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasionalisasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kadang-kadang orang memproduksi alasan-alasan “baik” untuk menjelaskan egonya yang terhantam. rasionalisasi membantu untuk membenarkan berbagai tingkah laku spesifik dan membantu untuk melemahkan pukulan yang berkaitan dengan kekecewaaan. misalnya bila orang tidak mendapatkan posisi yang diinginkannya dalam pekerjaan, mereka memikirkan alasan-alasan logis mengapa mereka tidak mendapatkannya, dan kadang-kadang mereka berusaha membujuk dan meyakinkan dirinya sendiri bahwa sebenarnya dia tidak menghendaki posisi tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sublimasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari pandangan freud, banyak kontribusi artistik yang besar merupakan hasil dari penyaluran energi sosial atau agresif kedalam tingkah laku kreatif yang diterima secara sosial dan bahkan dikagumi. misalnya impuls agresif dapat disalurkan menjadi prestasi olahraga.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Regresi (pemunduran)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa orang kembali kepada bentuk tingkah laku yang sudah ditinggalkan. menghadapi stress atau tantangan besar, individu mungkin sudah berusaha untuk menanggulangi kecemasan dengan bertingkah laku tidak dewasa atau tak pantas.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Introyeksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 53.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mekanisme introyeksi terdiri dari mengambil alih dan “menelan” nilai-nilai standar orang lain. Contoh : seorang anak yang mengalami penganiayaan, mengambil alih cara orangtuanya menanggulangi stress, dan dengan demikian mengabadikan siklus penganiayaan anak. introyeksi dapat pula positif, bila yang diambil alih adalah nilai-nilai positif dari orang-orang lain</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stres yang terjadi pada setiap individu berbeda-beda tergantung pada masalah yang dihadapi dan kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah tersebut atau biasa disebut dengan koping yang digunakan. Jika masalah tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan baik maka individu tersebut akan senang, sedangkan jika masalah tersebut tidak dapat diselesaikan dengan baik dapat menyebabkan individu tersebut marah-marah, frustasi hingga depresi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adaptasi adalah proses dimana dimensi fisiologis dan psikososial berubah dalam berespon terhadap stress. Karena banyak stressor tidak dapat dihindari, promosi kesehatan sering difokuskan pada adaptasi individu, keluarga atau komunitas</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">terhadap stress. Ada banyak bentuk adaptasi. Adaptasi fisiologis memungkinkan homeostasis fisiologis. Namun demikian mungkin terjadi proses yang serupa dalam dimensi psikososial dan dimensi lainnya. Suatu proses adaptif terjadi ketika stimulus dari lingkungan internal dan eksternal menyebabkan penyimpangan keseimbangan organisme. Dengan demikian adaptasi adalah suatu upaya untuk mempertahankan fungsi yang optimal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-65133570078635019032012-06-06T01:19:00.000-07:002012-06-06T01:19:34.701-07:00KEPERAWATAN KESEHATAN JIWA KELUARGA DAN MASYARAKAT<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengertian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kesehatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jiwa Masyarakat adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">keadaan sejahtera dari badan, jiwa & sosial yang berorientasi kepada masyarakat dengan mengutamakan pendekatan masyarakat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan keperawatan yang komprehensif; holistik & paripurna berfokus pada masyarakat yang sehat, rentan terhadap stress & dalam tahap pemulihan serta pencegahan kekambuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tujuan pelayanan kesehatan jiwa masyarakat :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Meningkatkan kesehatan jiwa, mempertahankan & meningkatkan kemampuan klien & dalam memelihara kesehatan jiwa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perawat dapat mengaplikasikan konsep kesehatan jiwa & komunitas dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat sehingga anggota masyarakt sehat jiwa & yang mengalami gangguan jiwa dapat dipertahankan di lingkungan masyarakat serta tidak perlu dirujuk segera ke RS </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Prinsip-prinsip keperawatan jiwa masyarakat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Keperawatan yang komprehensif </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan yang difokuskan pada<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pencegahan primer pada anggota masyarakat yang sehat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pencegahan sekunder pada anggota masyarakat yang mengalami masalah psikososial & gangguan jiwa </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pencegahan tersier pada klien gangguan jiwa dengan proses pemulihan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan keperawatan yang holistic</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan yang difokuskan pada aspek bio-psiko-sosio-kultural & spiritual</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perawatan mandiri Individu dan keluarga :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Masyarakat baik individu maupun keluarga diharapkan dapat secara mandiri memelihara kesehatan jiwanya </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada saat ini sangat penting pemberdayaan keluarga </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perawat dan petugas kesehatan lain dapat mengelompokkan masyarakat dalam masyarakat sehat jiwa, masyarakat yang mempunyai masalah psikososial, masyarakat yang mengalami gangguan jiwa </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pelayanan Formal & Informal di luar Sektor kesehatan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tokoh masyarakat, kelompok formal dan informal di luar tatanan pelayanan kesehatan merupakan target pelayanan kesehatan jiwa </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kelompok yang dimaksud adalah TOMA (tokoh agama, kepala dusun), pengobatan tradisional (orang pintar)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mereka dapat menjadi target pelayanan ataupun mitra tim kesehatan yang diinterasikan dengan perannya di masyarakat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pelayanan kesehatan jiwa melalui pelayanan kesehatan dasar :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Semua pemberi pelayanan kesehatan yang ada di masyarakat yaitu praktik pribadi dokter, bidan, perawat psokolok dan semua sarana pelayanan kesehatan (puskesmas dan balai pengobatan)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Untuk itu diperlukan penyegaran dan penambahan pengetahuan tentang pelayanan kesehatan jiwa komunitas bersama dengan pelayanan kesehatan yang dilakukan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelatihan yang perlu dilakukan adalah : konseling, deteksi dini dan pengobatan segera, keperawatan jiwa dasar </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Kesehatan Jiwa Masyarakat :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tim kesehatan terdiri atas : psikiater, psikolok klinik & perawat jiwa </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tim berkedudukan di tingkat Dinas Kesehatan kabupaten / kota </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tim bertanggung jawab terhadap <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>program pelayanan kesehatan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jiwa di daerah pelayanan kesehatan kabupaten / kota </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tim bergerak secara periodik ke tiap puskesmas untuk konsultasi, surveisi, monitoring & evaluasi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada saat tim mengunjungi puskesmas, maka penanggung jawab pelayanan kesehatan jiwa & komunitas di puskesmas akan : mengkonsultasikan kasus-kasus yang tidak berhasil atau melaporkan hasil dan kemajuan pelayanan yang telah dilakukan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Unit pelayanan Kesehatan Jiwa di RSU :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah sakit Umum daerah pada tingkat kabupaten / kota diharapkan mampu menyediakan pelayanan rawat inap bagi klien gangguan jiwa dengan jumlah tempat tidur terbatas sesuai dengan kemampuan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sistem rujukan dari puskesmas / tim kesehatan jiwa masyarakat kabupaten / kota ke rumah sakit umum harus jelas </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Jiwa :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah sakit jiwa merupakan pelayanan spesialistik kesehatan jiwa yang difokuskan pada klien gangguan jiwa yang tidak berhasil di rawat di keluarga/puskesmas/ RSU</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasien yang telah selesai di rawat di RSJ dirujuk lagi ke puskesmas. Penanggung jawab pelayanan kesehatan jiwa masyarakat di puskesmas bertanggung jawab terhadap lanjutan asuhan di keluarga </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran dan Fungsi Perawat Kesehatan Jiwa dan Komunitas</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memberikan asuhan secara langsung </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perawat membantu pasien mengembangkan kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah & meningkatkan fungsi kehidupannya </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep proses keperawatan jiwa </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah pengelolaan kasus, tindakan keperawatan individu keluarga, kolaborasi dengan tim kesehatan lain</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pendidik (educator)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perawat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan jiwa individu dan keluarga untuk mengembangkan kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perawat mengembangkan kemampuan keluarga dalam melakukan 5 tugas kesehatan keluarga </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Koordinator </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penemu kasus (melakukan pemeriksaan langsung dari keluarga ke keluarga), dapat berkoordinasi dengan masyarakat serta TOMA</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rujukan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Segera beritahu kepada perawat kesehatan jiwa komunitas di puskesmas jika menemukan anggota masyarakat :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bicara sendiri </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Marah tanpa sebab </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengurung diri </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tidak peduli perawatan diri </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bicara kacau </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tidak mengenali orang </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengorganisasian Masyarakat :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3 pendekatan dalam pengorganisasian masyarakat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perencanaan sosial (social Planning)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Keputusan program pemenuhan dan penyelesaian masalah di dasarkan atas fakta-fakta yang didapatkan di lapangan dan fokusnya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada penyelesaian tugas </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pendekatan ini diperlukan ketika pada kondisi yang memerlukan penyelesaian masalah dengan segera </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Aksi sosial </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Program pemenuhan kebutuhan dan penyelesaian masalah pada satu area tertentu dilakukan oleh sekelompok ahli dari<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tempat lain</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hal ini dilakukan jika pada tempat kejadian belum dapat diidentifikasi sumber daya yang digunakan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengembangan masyarakat (community development) </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Program pemenuhan dan penyelesaian masalah ditekankan kepada peran serta masyarakat, pemberdayaan masyarakat atau peningkatan kemampuan masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan masalah dan saling memberi bantuan dalam mengidentifikasi masalah atau kebutuhan serta menyelesaikan masalah </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran perawat adalah memberdayakan masyarakat, memfasilitasi dan melatih ketrampilan mereka dalam penyelesaian masalah </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penerapan dalam kesehatan jiwa komunitas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan dan masalah serta sumber daya yang ada di masyarakat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengelompokkan data yang dikumpulkan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Merencanakan dan melaksanakan tindakan keperawatan terhadap kasus </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Melakukan evaluasi dan tindak lanjut </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-29100673188960945042012-06-06T01:16:00.002-07:002012-06-06T01:16:50.300-07:00KONSEPTUAL MODEL KEPERAWATAN KESEHATAN MENTAL<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seiring dengan perubahan jaman, peran perawat kesehatan jiwa mulai muncul pada tahun 1950-an. Weiss (1947) menggambarkan beda perawatan kesehatan jiwa dengan perawatan umum yaitu adanya <i><u>terapi sikap</u></i>. Perawat menggunakan sikap yang baik dalam menyembuhkan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam mengimplementasikan terapi ini, perawat mendemonstrasikan <i>penerimaan, pengertian tentang klien, meningkatkan interest dan partisipasi</i>. Pada realitas, klien diperlakukan secara individual dan unik, jadi sikap perawat harus sesuai dengan masalah yang dihadapi pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawatan kesehatan jiwa adalah proses berhubungan yang meningkatkan dan mempertahankan perilaku yang akan menyokong integritas fungsi. Yang dimaksud klien meliputi individu, kelompok, keluarga, organisasi atau masyarakat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut American Nurses Association (ANA) divisi perawatan kesehatan jiwa, mendefinisikan perawatan kesehatan jiwa sebagai area khusus dalam praktek keperawatan yang menggunakan ilmu perilaku manusia dan diri sendiri secara terapeutik untuk meningkatkan, mempertahankan, memulihkan kesehatan jiwa klien dan meningkatkan kesehatan mental masyarakat dimana klien berada.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdasarkan model konseptual perawatan kesehatan jiwa, maka dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam 6 model yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Psikoanalisa (Freud, Erickson)</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teori ini berfokus pada proses-proses intra psikis dan perkembangan psikoseksual. Merupakan model yang pertama dikemukakan oleh Sigmund Freud. Psikoanalisa meyakini bahwa penyimpangan perilaku pada usia dewasa berhubungan dengan perkembangan pada masa anak. Setiap fase perkembangan mempunyai tugas perkembangan yang harus dicapai. Gejala merupakan symbol dari konflik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model ini menjelaskan bahwa gangguan jiwa dapat terjadi pada seseorang apabila ego(akal) tidak berfungsi dalam mengontrol id (kehendak nafsu atau insting). Ketidakmampuan seseorang dalam menggunakan akalnya (ego) untuk mematuhi tata tertib, peraturan, norma, agama(super ego/das uber ich), akan mendorong terjadinya penyimpangan perilaku (deviation of Behavioral).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faktor penyebab lain gangguan jiwa dalam teori ini adalah adanya konflik intrapsikis terutama pada masa anak-anak. Misalnya ketidakpuasan pada masa oral dimana anak tidak mendapatkan air susu secara sempurna, tidak adanya stimulus untuk belajar berkata- kata, dilarang dengan kekerasan untuk memasukkan benda pada mulutnya pada fase oral dan sebagainya. Hal ini akan menyebabkan traumatic yang membekas pada masa dewasa.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Erikson, perkembangan ego terjadi akibat interaksi social, tugas-tugas perkembangan bersifat berurutan dan bergantung pada keberhasilan penelesaian sebelumnya, individu yang gagal menyelesaikan tugas perkembangan pada usia seharusnya, dapat kembali lagi nanti untuk menyelesaikan tugas tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Didalam gerakannya, psikoanalisis mempunyai beberapa prinsip, yakni :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip konstansi, artinya bahwa kehidupan psikis manusia cenderung untuk mempertahankan kuantitas konflik psikis pada taraf yang serendah mungkin, atau setidak-tidaknya taraf yang stabil. Dengan perkataan lain bahwa kondisi psikis manusia cenderung dalam keadaan konflik yang permanen (tetap)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip kesenangan, artinya kehidupan psikis manusia cenderung menghindarkan ketidaksenangan dan sebanyak mungkin memperoleh kesenangan (pleasure principle).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip realitas, yaitu prinsip kesenangan yang disesuaikan dengan keadaan nyata. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam terapi Psikoanalisis ini terdapat lima tekhnik dasar, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asosiasi bebas</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu klien diupayakan untuk mencernihkan atau mengikis alam pikirannya dari alam pengalaman dan pemikiran sehari-hari sekarang ini, sehingga klien mudah mengungkapkan pengalaman masa lalunya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tujuan tekhnik ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan pengalaman masa lalu dan menghentikan emosi-emosi yang berhubungan dengan pengalaman traumatic masa lampau. Hal itu disebut juga katarsis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Interpretasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adalah tekhnik yang digunakan oleh terapis untuk menganalisis assosiasi bebas, mimpi, resistensi, dan transferensi klien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terapis menetapkan, menjelaskan dan bahkan mengajar klien tentang makna perilaku yang termanifestasi dalam mimpi, asosiasi bebas, resistensi dan transferensi klien. Tujuannya adalah agar ego klien dapat mencerna materi baru dan mempercepat proses penyadaran.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis mimpi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yaitu suatu tekhnik untuk membuka hal-hal yang tak disadari dan member kesempatan klien untuk menilik masalah-masalah yang belum terpecahkan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses terjadinnya mimpi adalah karena diwaktu tidur pertahanan ego menjadi lemah dan kompleks yang terdesakpun muncul kepermukaan. Oleh freud mimpi itu ditafsirkan sebagai jalan raya terhadap keinginan-keinginan dan kecemasan yang tak disadari yang diekspresikan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis resistensi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis resistensi ditujukan untuk menyadarkan klien terhadap alas an-alasan terjadinya resistensinya. Konselor/terapis meminta perhatian klien untuk menafsirkan resistensinya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis transferensi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terapis mengusahakan agar klien mengembangkan transferensinya agar terungkap neurosisnya terutama pada usia selama lima tahun pertama dalam hidupnya. Konselor menggunakan sifat-sifat netral, objektif, anonym, dan pasif agar terungkap transferensi tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses terapi pada model ini adalah lebih sering menggunakan metode asosiasi bebas dan analisa mimpi, transferen untuk memperbaiki traumatic masa lalu. Misalnya klien dibuat dalam keadaan ngantuk yang sangat. Dalam keadaan tidak berdaya pengalaman alam bawah sadarnya digali dengamn pertanyaan-pertanyaan untuk menggali traumatic masa lalu. Hal ini lebih dikenal dengan metode hypnotis yang memerlukan keahlian dan latihan yang khusus.<br />
Dengan cara demikian, klien akan mengungkapkan semua pikiran dan mimpinya, sedangkan therapist berupaya untuk menginterpretasi pikiran dan mimpi pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model psikoanalisis ini mempunyai ciri unik dalam proses terapinya. Yaitu konselor bersikap anonym, artinya konselor berusaha tak dikenal klien, dan bertindak sedikit sekali memperlihatkan perasaan dan pengalamannya. Tujuannya adalah agar klien dengan mudah memantulkan perasaan kepada konselor. Pemantulan itu merupakan proyeksi klien yang menjadi bahan analisisbagi konselor/terapis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tahap awal konseling, konselor membuat suatu hubungan kerja dengan klien, selanjutnya kegiatan konselor adalah mendengarkan dan kemudian memberikan tafsiran terhadap pernyataan klien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hal yang penting dalam proses terapi adalah memberikan perhatian terhadap keadaan resistensi klien yaitu suatu keadaan dimana klien melindungi suatu perasaan, trauma atau kegagalan klien terhadap konselor. Keadaan resistensi klien ditandai oleh munculnya reaksi dalam bentuk pertahanan diri terhadap interpretasi yang tidak mengenakkan dari konselor.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fungsi konselor/terapis adalah mempercepat proses penyadaran hal-hal yang tersimpan dalam ketaksadaran klien yang dilindunginya dengan cara transfferensi itu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peran perawat adalah berupaya melakukan assessment atau pengkajian mengenai keadaan-keadaan traumatic atau stressor yang dianggap bermakna pada masa lalu misalnya ( pernah disiksa orang tua, pernah disodomi, diperlakukan secar kasar, diterlantarkan, diasuh dengan kekerasan, diperkosa pada masa anak), dengan menggunakan pendekatan komunikasi terapeutik setelah terjalin trust (saling percaya). Proses terapi psikoanalisa memakan waktu yang lama dan mahal.<br />
Karakter psikoanalisis adalah terapis atau analisa membiarkan dirinya anonym serta hanya berbagi sedikit perasaan dan pengalaman sehingga klien memproyeksikan dirinya kepada analisis. Proyeksi-proyeksi klien, yang menjadi bahan terapi, ditafsirkan dan dianalisis. Analisis terutama berurusan dengan usaha membantu klien dalam mencapai kesadaran diri, kejujuran, keefektifan, dalam melakukan hubungan personal, dalam menangani kecemasanscara realistis serta dalam memperoleh kendali atas tingkah laku yang impulsive dan irasional.analisis terlebih dahulu harus membangun hubungan kerja dengan klien, kemudian perlu banyak mendengar dan menafsirkan. Analisis memberikan perhatian khusus pada penolakkan-penolakkan klien. Sementara yang dilakukan oleh klien sebagian besar adalah berbicara, yang dilakukan oleh analisis adalah mendengarkan dan berusaha untuk mengetahui kapan dia harus membuat penafsiran-penafsiran yang layak untuk mempercepat proses penyingkapan hal-hal yang tak disadari. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis mendengarkan kesenjangan-kesenjangan dan pertentangan-pertentangan pada cerita klien, mengartikan mimpi-mimpi dan asosiasi bebas yang dilaporkan oleh klien mengamati klien secara cermat selama pertemuan terapi berlangsung, dan peka terhadap isyarat-isyarat yang menyangkut perasaan-perasaan klien kepada analisis. Pengorganisasian proses-proses terapeutik dalam konteks pemahaman terhadap struktur kepribadian dan psikodinamik-psikodinamik itu memungkinkan analisis bias merumuskan sifat sesungguhnya dari masalah-masalah klien. Salah satu fungsi utama analisis adalah mengajarkan arti proses-proses ini kepada klien sehingga klien mampu memperoleh pemahaman terhadap masalah-masalahnya sendiri, mengalami peningkatan kesadaran atas cara-cara untuk berubah. Dengan demikian, memperoleh kendali yang lebih rasional atas kehidupannya sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Interpersonal ( Sullivan, peplau)</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model ini dikembangkan oleh Harry Stack Sullivan. Titik pandang Sullivan diidentifikasi dengan teori-teori social-psikologis. Ia menekankan peran hubungan-hubungan personal dan studi tentang manusia dalam hubungan dengan orang-orang lain yang berpengaruh. Jadi, unit studinya adalah situasi interpersonal bukan hanya individu itu semata-mata. Keopribadian mengejawantahkan dirinya dalam tingkah laku individu dalam hubungannya dengan orang lain. System diri menurutnya terbentuk sebagai akibat ancaman-ancaman terhadap rasa aman. Yang membawahi segenap dorongan adalah motif kekuasaan yang bekerja sepanjang hidup untuk mengatasi perasaan tak berdaya yang mendasar. System diri seesorang berkembang sebagai reaksi melawan kecemasan yang disebabkan oleh hubungan-hubungan interpersonal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sullivan menekankan peran proses-proses kognitif dalam perkembangan kepribadian. Tiga corak pengalaman terlibat dalam pembentukkan ego sebagai berikut: </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Corak Protaktis: menandai tahun pertama kehidupan : tidak ada pemisahan antara waktu dan tempat, merupakan prasyarat bagi dua corak pengalaman yang lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Corak Prataksis: ditandai oleh keseluruhan pengalaman yang tak terdiferensiasi yang dipecah kedalam bagian-bagian tanpa kaitan yang logis, muncul pada masa kanak-kanak awal, anak menerima apapun yang terjadi tanpa evaluasi, dan bereaksi terhadap orang lain dalam basis yang tidak realistis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Corak Sintaksis: ditandai oleh kurangnya distorsi, terdiri dari aktivitas symbol yang disahihkan secara mufakat, yang menjadi dasar bagi anak untuk mengevaluasi pemikiran-pemikiran dan perasaan-perasaannya sendiri terhadap pemikiran-pemikiran dan perasaan-perasaan orang lain, dan lambat laun anak mengenal pola-pola hubungan dalam masyarakat, sikap-sikap diri dibentuk oleh reaksi-reaksi orang-orang lain yang berpengaruh.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sullivan menekankan bahwa kepribadian tidak ditetapkan pada usia dini, dan kepribadian itu bias berubah dikemudian hari sejalan dengan berkembangnya hubungan – hubungan interpersonal baru. Manusia adalah makhluk yang mampu menyesuaikan diri. Ia juga menekankan bahwa kepribadian dibentuk melalui tahap-tahap perkembangan tertentu yang mencakup masa bayi, masa kanak-kanak, masa kanak-kanak akhir, praremaja, remaja awal, remaja akhir dan kematangan. Determinan-determinan social dari perkembangan kepribadian amatlah penting. <br />
Sebagai tambahan Hildegard Peplau mengembangkan teori interpersonal perawatan. Pandangan interpersonal terhadap penyimpangan perilaku, teori interpersonal meyakini bahwa perilaku berkembang dari hubungan interpersonal. Sullivan menekankan besarnya pengaruh perkembangan masa anak-anak terhadap kesehatan jiwa individu. Kecemasan pertama yang sungguh-sungguh dialami sewaktu bayi pada saat merasakan kecemasan ibu. Selanjutnya kecemasan dihubungkan dengan penolakan/tidak direstui oleh orang-orang yang dekat/penting bagi individu. Jika anak hanya menerima stimulus penolakan atau kecemasan atau kritik, maka anak akan mengembangkan sistem diri yang negatif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Sullivan: individu memandang orang lain sesuai dengan yang ada pada dirinya. Ada 2 dorongan yang dimiliki pada individu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dorongan untuk kepuasan Berhubungan dengan kebutuhan dasar seperti: lapar, tidur, kesepian, nafsu. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dorongan untuk keamanan Berhubungan dengan kebutuhan budaya seperti penyesuaian norma sosial, nilai suatu kelompok tertentu Proses terapi Mengoreksi pengalaman interpersonal dengan mengalami hubungan yang sehat dengan terapis, klien akan belajar berhubungan interpersonal yang memuaskan dengan re-edukasi dan mengembangkan hubungan saling percaya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut konsep model ini, kelainan jiwa seseorang bisa muncul akibat adanya ancaman. Ancaman tersebut menimbulkan kecemasan (Anxiety). Ansietas timbul dan alami seseorang akibat adanya konflik saat berhubungan dengan orang lain (interpersonal). Menurut konsep ini perasaan takut seseorang didasari adnya ketakutan ditolak atau tidak diterima oleh orang sekitarnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses terapi menurut konsep ini adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Build Feeling Security</i> (berupaya membangun rasa aman pada klien), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trusting Relationship and interpersonal Satisfaction</i> (menjalin hubungan yang saling percaya) dan membina kepuasan dalam bergaul dengan orang lain sehingga klien merasa berharga dan dihormati.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peran perawat dalam terapi adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">share anxieties</i> (berupaya melakukan sharing mengenai apa-apa yang dirasakan klien, apa yang biasa dicemaskan oleh klien saat berhubungan dengan orang lain), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">therapist use empathy and relationship</i> ( perawat berupaya bersikap empati dan turut merasakan apa-apa yang dirasakan oleh klien). Perawat memberikan respon verbal yang mendorong rasa aman klien dalam berhubungan dengan orang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Social ( Caplan, Szasz )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model ini berfokus pada lingkungan sosial yang mempengaruhi individu dan pengalaman hidupnya. Pandangan sosial terhadap penyimpangan perilaku, kondisi sosial bertanggung jawab terhadap penyimpangan perilaku, perilaku yang dianggap normal pada suatu daerah tertentu mungkin sebagai penyimpangan pada daerah yang lain. Individu yang sudah dilabel/dicap jika tidak dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan norma lingkungan, maka perilaku tersebut memerlukan perawatan/dirawat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Szazz, individu bertanggung jawab terhadap perilakunya. Individu tersebut harus mampumengontrol untuk menyesuaikan perilakunya dengan yang diharapkan masyarakatnya. mengontrol untuk menyesuaikan perilakunya dengan yang diharapkan masyarakatnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaplan, meyakini bahwa situasi sosial dapat mencetuskan gangguan jiwa. Oleh karena itu, konsep pencegahan primer, sekunder dan tertier sangat penting. Situasi yang dapat menjadi pencetus:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemiskinan, situasi keuangan tidak stabil, pendidikan tidak adekuat. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kurang mampu mengatasi stress.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kurang support system</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Situasi tersebut di atas dapat diantisipasi dan dapat dicegah. Proses terapi:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prevensi primer</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesehatan jiwa masyarakat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Crisis intervensi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut konsep ini seseorang akan mengalami gangguan jiwa atau penyimpangan perilaku apabila banyaknya factor social dan factor lingkungan yang akan memicu munculnya stress pada seseorang ( social and environmental factors create stress, which cause anxiety and symptom).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip proses terapi yang sangat penting dalam konsep model ini adalah environment manipulation and social support ( pentingnya modifikasi lingkungan dan adanya dukungan sosial).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peran perawat dalam memberikan terapi menurut model ini adalah pasien harus menyampaikan masalah menggunakan sumber yang ada di masyarakat melibatkan teman sejawat, atasan, keluarga atau suami-istri. Sedangkan therapist berupaya : menggali system sosial klien seperti suasana dirumah, di kantor, di sekolah, di masyarakat atau tempat kerja.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Existensial ( Ellis, Rogers)</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teori ini berfokus pada pengalaman individu pada saat ini dan disini. Pandangan model eksistensi terhadap penyimpangan perilaku, penyimpangan perilaku terjadi jika individu putus hubungan dengan dirinya dan lingkungan. Keasingan akan dirinya dan lingkungan dapat terjadi karena hambatan atau larangan pada diri individu. Individu merasa putus asa, sedih, sepi, kurang kesadaran akan dirinya dan penerimaan diri yang mencegah partisipasi dan penghargaan pada hubungan dengan orang lain. Klien sudah kehilangan atau tidak mungkin menemukan nilai-nilai yang memberi arti pada eksistensinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses terapi : </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasional Emotif Therapy, konfrontasi digunakan untuk bertanggung jawab terhadap perilakunya. Klien didorong untuk menerima dirinya, bagaimana adanya bukan karena apa yang akan dilakukan. Konsep dasar RET yang dikembangkan oleh Albert Ellis adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemikiran manusia adalah penyebab dasar dari gangguan emosional. Reaksi emosional yang sehat maupun yang tidak, bersumber dari pemikiran itu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manusia mempunyai potensi pemikiran rasional dan irrasional. Dengan pemikiran rasional dan inteleknya manusia dapat terbebas dari gangguan emosional.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemikiran irrasional bersumber pada disposisi biologis lewat pengalaman masa kecil dan pengaruh budaya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemikiran dan emosi tidak dapat dipisahkan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berpikir logis dan tidak logis dilakukan dengan symbol-simbol bahasa.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada diri manusia sering terjadi self-verbalization. Yaitu mengatakan sesuatu terus-menerus kepada dirinya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemikiran tak logis-irrasional dapat dikembalikan pada pemikiran logis dengan reorganisasi persepsi. Pemikiran tak logis itu merusak dan merendahkan diri melalui emosionalnya. Ide-ide irasional bahkan dapat menimbulkan neurosis dan psikosis. Sebuah contoh ide irasional adalah “seorang yang hidup dalam masyarakat harus mempersiapkan diri secara kompeten dan adekuat, agar ia dapat mencapai kehidupan yang layak dan berguna bagi masyarakat”. Pemikiran lain adalah “sifat jahat, kejam, dan lain-lain harus dipersalahkan dan dihukum”<br />
RET bertujuan untuk memperbaiki dan mengubah sikap, persepsi, cara berpikir keyakinan serta pandangan klien yang irasional menjadi rasional, sehingga ia dapat mengembangkan diri dan mencapai realisasi diri yang optimal. Menghilangkan gangguan emosional yang dapat merusak diri seperti: benci, takut, rasa bersalah, was-was, marah sebagai akibat berpikir yang irasional, dan melatih serta mendidik klien agar dapat menghadapi kenyataan hidup secara rasional dan membangkitkan kepercayaan diri, nilai-nilai dan kemampuan diri. Proses terapi, terapis berusaha menunjukkan klien kesulitan yang dihadapi sangat berhubungan dengan keyakinan irrasional dan menunjukkan bagaimana klien harus bersikap rasional dan mampu memisahkan keyakinan irasional dengan rasional, setelah klien menyadari gangguan emosi yang bersumber dari pemikiran irasional, maka terapis menunjukkan pemikiran klien yang irasional, serta klien berusaha mengubah kepada keyakinan menjadi rasional, terapis berusaha agar klien menghindarkan diri dari ide-ide irrasionalnya, dan konselor berusaha menghubungkan antara ide tersebut dengan proses penyalahan dan perusakkan diri, proses terakhir terapis adalah terapis berusaha menantang klien untuk mengembangkan filosofis kehidupannya yang rasional, dan menolak kehidupan yang irrasional dan fiktif. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terapi Logo, merupakan terapi orientasi masa depan (future orientated therapy). Individu meneliti arti dari kehidupan, karena tanpa arti berarti tidak eksis. Tujuan: agar individu sadar akan tanggung jawabnya. Atau klien akan dapat menemukan makna dari penderitaan dan kehidupan serta cinta. Dengan penemuan itu klien akan dapat membantu dirinya sehingga bebas dari masalah tersebut. Terapi logo masih menginduk kepada aliran psikoanalisis, akan tetapi menganut paham eksistensialisme. Mengenai teknik terapinya digunakan semua teknik yang kiranya sesuai dengan kasus yang dihadapi. Tampaknya kemampuan menggali hal-hal yang bermakna dari klien, amat penting. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut teori model eksistensial gangguan perilaku atau gangguan jiwa terjadi bila individu gagal menemukan jati dirinya dan tujuan hidupnya. Individu tidak memiliki kebanggan akan dirinya. Membenci diri sendiri dan mengalami gangguan dalam Bodi-image-nya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip dalam proses terapinya adalah : mengupayakan individu agar berpengalaman bergaul dengan orang lain, memahami riwayat hidup orang lain yang dianggap sukses atau dapat dianggap sebagai panutan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(experience in relationship)</i>, memperluas kesadaran diri dengan cara introspeksi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(self assessment)</i>, bergaul dengan kelompok sosial dan kemanusiaan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(conducted in group)</i>, mendorong untuk menerima jati dirinya sendiri dan menerima kritik atau feedback tentang perilakunya dari orang lain <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(encouraged to accept self and control behavior)</i>.<br />
Psikoterapi memperkuat proses pembelajaran seseorang untuk sepenuhnya menjadi dirinya sendiri. Rogers yakin bahwa penyakit jiwa terjadi akibat kegagalan mengembangkan diri sendiri sepenuhnya sebagai manusia. Ahli terapi harus tulus dan tanpa ada yang ditutup-tutupi ketika berhubungan dengan klien. Ahli terapis harus bersikap aktif dan mengekspresikan perasaan serta emosinya sendiri secara langsung dan jujur. Perilaku klien berubah kea rah fungsi diri yang positif bila ahli terapinya mau menerima, menghargai dan secara tulus berempati terhadap klien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip keperawatannya adalah : klien dianjurkan untuk berperan serta dalam memperoleh pengalaman yang berarti untuk mempelajari dirinya dan mendapatkan feed back dari orang lain, misalnya melalui terapi aktivitas kelompok. Terapist berupaya untuk memperluas kesadaran diri klien melalui feed back, kritik, saran atau reward & punishment.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Supportive Therapy ( Wermon, Rockland)</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyebab gangguan jiwa dalam konsep ini adalah: factor biopsikososial dan respon maladaptive saat ini. Aspek biologisnya menjadi masalah seperti: sering sakit maag, migraine, batuk-batuk. Aspek psikologisnya mengalami banyak keluhan seperti : mudah cemas, kurang percaya diri, perasaan bersalah, ragu-ragu, pemarah. Aspek sosialnya memiliki masalah seperti : susah bergaul, menarik diri,tidak disukai, bermusuhan, tidak mampu mendapatkan pekerjaan, dan sebagainya. Semua hal tersebut terakumulasi menjadi penyebab gangguan jiwa. Fenomena tersebut muncul akibat ketidakmamupan dalam beradaptasi pada masalah-masalah yang muncul saat ini dan tidak ada kaitannya dengan masa lalu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip proses terapinya adalah menguatkan respon koping adaptif, individu diupayakan mengenal terlebih dahulu kekuatan-kekuatan apa yang ada pada dirinya; kekuatan mana yang dapat dipakai alternative pemecahan masalahnya, fokusnya pada saat ini dan bukan pada masa lalu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawat harus membantu individu dalam melakukan identifikasi coping yang dimiliki dan yang biasa digunakan klien. Terapist berupaya menjalin hubungan yang hangat dan empatik dengan klien untuk menyiapkan coping klien yang adaptif.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Medical ( Meyer, Kraeplin)</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut konsep ini gangguan jiwa cenderung muncul akibat multifactor yang kompleks meliputi: aspek fisik, genetic, lingkungan dan factor sosial. Sehingga focus penatalaksanaannya harus lengkap melalui pemeriksaan diagnostic, terapi somatic, farmakologik dan teknik interpersonal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawat berperan dalam berkolaborasi dengan tim medis dalam melakukan prosedur diagnostic dan terapi jangka panjang, therapist berperan dalam pemberian terapi, laporan mengenai dampak terapi, menentukan diagnose, dan menentukan jenis pendekatan terapi yang digunakan. <br />
Konsep Berfokus pada diagnosa penyakit, sehingga pengobatan didasarkan pada diagnose itu. Medical model terus mengeksplorasi penyebab gangguan jiwa secara ilmiah. Pandangan medical terhadap penyimpangan perilaku : Banyak pendapat medical model bahwa penyimpangan perilaku merupakan manifestasi gangguan sistem syaraf pusat (SSP). Dicurigai bahwa depresi dan schizophrenia dipengaruhi oleh transmisi impuls neural, serta gangguan synaptic; yaitu masalah biokimia, faktor lingkungan dan sosial diperhitungkan sebagai faktor pencetus proses terapi.<br />
Hubungan klien dokter merupakan hubungan percaya dan mengikuti rencana pengobatan. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengobatan meliputi jangka pendek dan jangka panjang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terapi supportif</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Insight oriented terapi yaitu belajar meroda mengatasi stressor. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses medis terapi didefinisikan dengan baik dan akrab dengan sebagian besar pasien. Pemeriksaan dokter pasien termasuk sejarah penyakit ini, sejarah masa lalu, sejarah social, sejarah medis, tinjauan system tubuh, pemeriksaan fisik dan status mental.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peran pasien melibatkan mengakui sedang sakit, yang bisa menjadi masalah dalam psikiatri. Pasien kadang tidak sadar perilaku terganggu dan mungkin menolak pengobatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-52794825622046424062012-06-06T01:08:00.001-07:002012-06-06T01:11:14.045-07:00APLIKASI DOKUMENTASI KEPERAWATAN BERBASIS KOMPUTER<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">BAB I</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">A.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">LATAR</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">BELAKANG</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dokumentasi keperawatan merupakan tindakan mencatat setiap data yang didapat oleh perawat dalam sebuah dokumen yang sisitematis. Proses mencatat tidak hanya menulis data pada format yang tersedia. Dokumentasi keperawatan menitikberatkan pada proses dan hasil pencatatan (Potter & Perry, 1997). Hal tersebut berarti bahwa mulai dari proses mencatat sampai mempertahankan kualitas catatan harus diperhatikan, karena dokumen keperawatan memegang peranan yang sangat penting.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kelengkapan dan keakuratan data mejadi sebuah kebutuhan dalam meningkatkan mutu asuhan keperawatan. Gapko Dawn (1999)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">mengatakan bahwa perawat sangat jarang untuk menulis segala yang dilakukan dan didapatkan baik dari pengkajian, evaluasi maupun dan tindakan kolaborasi dengan dokter. Lebih lanjut Gapko Dawn mengatakan bahwa penyebab rendahnya mutu dokumentasi keperawatan diantaranya factor staf keperawatan yang malas mencatat, tingginya sensus yang harus dilakukan, mencatat membutuhkan waktu yang lama. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pencatatan yang banyak dan memakan waktu kerja perawat membuat perawat merasa prustasi sehingga banyak terjadi ketidakakuratan data dalam dokumentasi keperawatan (Cowden & Johnson, 2003). </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lebih lanjut </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Cowden & Johnson menemukan bahwa pencatatan dengan format kertas banyak ditemukan data yang eror artinya data tersebut tidak valid dan membingungkan. Data demikian menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan interpretasi, prosedur dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan menjadi kurang baik.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Barker KN, Flynn EA, Pepper GA, Bates DW, & Mikeal RL.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(2002) menemukan bahwa pencatatan dengan menggunakan kertas terjadi kesalahan pemberian obat sebesar 19% -28%, informasi pasien tidak tidak berkesinambungan dan perawat tidak dapat mengukuti system instruksi</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">secara akurat untuk mempertahankan kontinyuitas asuhan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Guna mengurangi keselahan seperti di atas, informasi teknologi sangat dibutuhkan dalam pelayanan kesehatan termasuk pelayanan keperawatan. Word processing, e-mail system informasi kesehatan pasien sangat dibutuhkan dalam pelayanan professional khususnya pelayanan keperawatan (Hobbs, 2002) .Dalam makalah ini akan dibahas tentang aplikasi dokumentasi keperawatan berbasis computer.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">B.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dalam melihat latar belakang yang telah diuraikan di atas tentang pentingnya informasi teknologi dalam pelayanan kesehatan khususnya dalam pelayanan keperawatan, maka yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam makalah ini yaitu membahas tentang aplikasi dokumentasi keperawatan berbasis komputer.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">C.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">TUJUAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menjelaskan definisi dokumentsi keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menjelaskan manfaat dokumentasi keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menjelaskan tentang pentingnya system komputerisasi dokumentasi keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menjelaskan aplikasi komputerisasi dalam dokumentasi keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">D.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">MANFAAT</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai bahan pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa dan tenaga medis dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan khususnya dalam pelayanan keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai bahan referensi bagi mahasiswa dan pihak-pihak lain yang akan melakukan penyusunan makalah dengan topik yang sama</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.35pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">BAB II</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.35pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">TINJAUAN TEORI</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">A.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sistem Komputerisasi dalam Dokumentasi Keperawatan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dokumentasi didefinisikan sebagai segala sesuatu yang tertulis atau tercetak yang dapat diandalkan sebagai catatan tentang bukti bagi individu yang berwenang (Potter & Perry, 1997). Dokumentasi yang baik tidak hanya mencerminkan kualitas keperawatan tetapi juga membuktikan pertanggunggugatan setiap anggota tim keperawatan dalam memberikan asuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penggunaan computer dalam dokumentasi keperawatan diperkenalkan pada akhir tahun</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1960-an dan awal tahun 1970-an (Turpin, 2005). Dalam dokumen keperawatan melalui system computer meliputi system pembayaran, </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">dischare planning</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, dan </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">access data</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dari profesi lain seperti dokter, farmasi, radiologi dan lainnya. Perkembangan teknologi mampu meningkatkan kualitas pencatatan melalui computer. Penggunaan perangkat lunak sebagai media dalam melakukan dokumentasi sangat beragam. Pada intinya perangkat lunak</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">tersebut menyediakan layanan berkesinambungan informasi dari berbagai profesi kesehatan yang terintegrasi dalam pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit. Informasi tersebut dapat dibaca oleh masing-masing profesi sehingga dapat meningkatkan system kolaborasi antar profesi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dokumentasi keperawatan melalui computer yaitu pencatatan yang dilakukan oleh perawatan dengan menggunakan perangkat computer. Perangkat tersebut tentunya sudah disediakan perangkat lunak yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pemasukan data dilakukan setiap saat sehingga perkembangan data pasien dapat terekam secarak kontinyu dan komprehensif. Alpay & Russell (2002).</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Program perangkat lunak memungkinkan perawat untuk dengan cepat memasukan data pengkajian spesifik dan informasi lainnya secara otomatis. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">B.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Efektifitas Komputerisasi dalam Dokumentasi Keperawatan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Komputerisasi dalam dokumentasi keperawatan banyak memiliki kelebihan dari pada dengan menggunakan kertas. Dokumentasi keperawatan dengan menggunakan computer dapat meningkatkan reliabilitas dalam menegakan diagnose keperawatan. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian </span><a href="http://findarticles.com/p/search?tb=art&qa=Delaney%2C+Connie"><span style="color: WindowText; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Delaney, Connie</span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, </span></span><a href="http://findarticles.com/p/search?tb=art&qa=Herr%2C+Keela"><span style="color: WindowText; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Herr, Keela</span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, </span></span><a href="http://findarticles.com/p/search?tb=art&qa=Maas%2C+Meridean"><span style="color: WindowText; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Maas, Meridean</span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, </span></span><a href="http://findarticles.com/p/search?tb=art&qa=Specht%2C+Janet"><span style="color: WindowText; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Specht</span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> (2000)</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, pada 30 orang perawat di unit pelayanan rehabilitasi, dengan metoda </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">retrospectively examined clinical records. D</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">itemukan bahwa 23 orang yang merumuskan diagnosa keperawatan kerusakan mobilitas fisik. Diagnosa tersebut dilengkapi dengan data karateristik sebanyak 52% - 100%, dilengkapi dengan faktor yang berhungan sebanyak 57% - 100%. Hasil ini didukung oleh penelitian Maria, Ian, Odenbreit & Lavin (2007)</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, pada 12 ruang keperawatan di Rumah Sakit Swiss, dengan metoda </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pretest-posttest experimental design</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukan bahwa implementasi dari North of America Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) dan Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">dalam sistem komputerisasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan. Disamping</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">hal tersebut juga terjadi peningkatan kualitas dokumen keperawatan yang berkaitan dengan asuhan keperawatan mulai dari pengkajian, perumusan diagnosa keperawatan, penentuan kriteria hasil yang tepat dan kritis.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penerapan sistem komputer dalam dokumentasi keperawatan di unit gawat darurat juga sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan mutu asuhan keperawatan. Penelitian pada perawat di ruang gawat darurat yang difokuskan pada aliran pekerjaan yang tinggi dan mutu dokumentasi keperawatan. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">menemukan bahwa penerapan system computer di ruang gawat darurat dapat meningkatkan kecepatan perawat dalam melakukan asuhan dan menurunkan kesalahan dalam pendokumentasian.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Jennifer & Jane ,2000) menganalisis pengalamannya dalam melakukan pendokumentasian dengan sisitem komputer. Setelah 2 tahun menerapkan system computer dalam melakukan pednokumentasian keperawatan didabat bahwa terjadi peningkatan peningkatan efektifitas dan efisiensi dari dokumentasi, proses monitoring asuhan dan komunikasi dalam melakukan tindakan kolaborasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.35pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">BAB III</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.35pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PEMBAHASAN DAN KESIMPULAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.35pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">A.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dari uraian teori tentang dokumentasi keperawatan berbasis computer dapat dipahami bahwa sangat mendukung bagi peningkatan mutu asuhan keperawatan. Asuhan keperawatan merupakan proses logis untuk membantu pasien dalam meningkatkan status kesehatannya. Dalam melaksanakan asuhan kepreawatan, tidak hanya dituntut mampu melaksanakan berbagai tindakan keperawatan baik mandiri maupun kolaborasi. Selain itu dibutuhkan sebuah pencatatan atas tindakan yang telah dilakukan oleh seorang perawat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dokumen keperawatan sangat diperlukan untuk menjalin komunikasi antar perawat dan profesi lainnya, meningkatkan kontinyuitas asuhan keperawatan sehingga terjamin mutu asuhan keperawatan yang baik. Selain sebagai alat komunikasi, dokumentasi juga dapat dijadikan alat perlindungan hukum bagi perawat dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan. Dokumen tersebut dapat dijadikan bukti di pengadilan bila ada tuntutan dari masyarakat atas tindakan keperawatan yang telah diberikan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sistem komputerisasi sangat mendukung dan mampu meningkatkan kualitas catatan keperawatan. Catatan keperawatan yang baik akan berdampak pada mutu asuhan yang diberikan. Telah dijelaskan pada bagian teori bahwa sistem komputerisasi dalam dokumentasi keperawatan sangat efektif dan efisien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penulis berpendapat bahwa keterandalan dalam dokumentasi mencerminkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan. Artinya dengan menggunakan media elektronik, perawat dengan mudah meng-akses informasi penting tentang klien, mengambil keputusan atas informasi tersebut dengan cepat sehingga dapat membantu klien dalam meningkatkan status kesehatannya. Sistem komputerisasi dapat menjawab respon waktu yang diberikan oleh perawat. Selama ini terkesan bahwa perawat lambat dalam merespon keluhan klien dan keluarganya. Contoh kecil yang dapat penulis berikan yaitu pertanyaan singkat dari klien tentang bagaimana kondisi penyakit saya dan bagaimana program penyembuhannya. Menanggapi pertanyaan klien di atas tentunya perawat langsung dapat meresponnya dengan paparan yang benar. Namun sistem pencatatan dengan kertas, perawat tidak dapat langsung merespon pertanyaan tersebut. Sehingga jawaban perawat menjadi nanti tanyakan saja kepada dokter atau nanti saya baca dulu status pasiennya. Tanggapan tersebut akan berbeda bila menggunakan sistem computer. Setiap perawat akan dengan mudah meng-akses informasi tentang pasiennya dan dapat menjelaskan kondisi kesehatan dan program terapi yang harus dijalani oleh pasien tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Hal</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">yang menjadi poin terpenting bagi penulis dalam system komputerisasi dokumentasi keperawatan adalah membiasakan perawat untuk selalu memasukan data terkini pasien setiap hari. Kontinyuitas pemasukan data menjadi sangat penting dalam memberikan data atau informasi yang terkini. Analisis data terkini menjadi mudah dan cepat, apa lagi system computer telah dilengkapi dengan diagnosa keperawatan, NIC dan NOC. Sistem ini memadukan teknik analisis data dan langsung memberikan alternative criteria hasil dan tindakan keperawatan yang harus dilakukan pada pasien bersangkutan. Permasalahan yang mungkin timbul yaitu berkaitan dengan alat dan tenaga perawat sendiri. Pada alat, membutuhkan biaya tinggi untuk membangun jejaring system komputerisasi yang dapat mencakup semua aspek pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit. Permasalahan</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">tenaga yaitu kemampuan tenaga keperawatan yang ada. Dibutuhkan keterampilan khusus untuk memasukan data kedalam aplikasi computer sehingga dapat menghasilkan kualitas dokumen keperawatan yang baik. Bila data yang dimasukan salah maka yang keluar hanya keputusan yang salah dan ini akan mempengaruhi asuhan keperawatan pasien. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pelatihan bagi tenaga perawat sehingga dapat melakukan pemasukan data dengan tepat dan menganalisis hasil keluaran komputer berkaitan dengan status pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penulis berpendapat bahwa aplikasi komputerisasi dalam dokumentasi kerpawatan dapat memunculkan isu baru bagi perawat itu sendiri. Isu tersebut diantaranya :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sikap </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Aplikasi komputerisasi dalam dokumentasi keperawatan tentunya akan memunculkan berbagai sikap dari perawat sebagai pelaku dokumentasi. Sikap tersebut akan mewarnai keberhasilan aplikasi tersebut. Sikap perawat demikian mungkin muncul akibat perubahan yang memerlukan perhatian dan keterampilan khusus untuk mengoperasikan komputer.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tekanan waktu</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tekanan waktu disini dimaksudkan bahwa perawat akan mengalami tekanan waktu selama bekerja di ruangan. Tekanan tersebut muncul sebagai efek dari sikap perawat yang negatif dari aplikasi komputerisasi tersebut. Ada beberapa perawat yang merasa hal tersebut sungguh berat dan merasa tertekan menghadapi pekerjaan dokumentasi keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepercayaan diri</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perasaan percaya diri perawat akan meningkat saat perawat tersebut berhasil melakukan aplikasi komputerisasi dalam dokumentasi keperawatan. Perawat akan merasa memiliki kemampuan lebih dari yang lain, karena penguasaan teknologi dikaitkan dengan tingginya kemampuan sumber daya manusia.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pelatihan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perubahan dalam dokumentasi ke sistem komputerisasi memelukan keterampilan khusus sehingga diperlukan sebuah pelatihan untuk dapat mengoperasikannya. Sikap negatif, tekanan waktu dan kurang percaya diri akan dapat dikurangi dengan melakukan pelatihan secara berkala dan berkesinambungan tentang informasi teknologi. Pelatihan ini tentunya harus dibentuk menjadi pelatihan orang dewasa sehingga tidak memunculkan masalah baru bagi perawat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">B.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dari pembahasan di atas dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dokumentasi keperawatan merupakan sumber informasi yang penting dalam meningkatkan komunikasi antar perawat dan antar profesi kesehatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penggunaan komputer dalam pendokumentasian keperawatan merupakan tantangan dan sekaligus keunggulan tersendiri dalam meningkatkan mutu asuhan keperawatan dan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Aplikasi komputer dalam dokumentasi keperawatan menjamin meningkatnya efktifitas dan efisiensi dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-81345055129005534172012-06-06T01:05:00.000-07:002012-06-06T01:05:42.363-07:00FILSAFAT SOPAN SANTUN ORANG BUGIS<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB I</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LATAR BELAKANG</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Suku Bugis adalah suku yang tergolong ke dalam suku Deutero-Melayu, atau Melayu Muda. Masuk ke Nusantara setelah gelombang nigrasi pertama dari daratan Asia tepatnya Yunan. Kata ‘Bugis’ berasal dari kata To Ugi, yang berarti orang Bugis. Penanaman “ugi” merujuk pada raja pertama kerajaan Cina (bukan Negara Tiongkok, tapi yang terdapat di jazirah Sulawesi Selatan tepatnya Kecamatan Pammana Kabupaten Wajo saat ini) yaitu La Sattumpugi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam perkembangannya, komunitas ini berkembang dan membentuk beberapa kerajaan lain. Masyarakat Bugis ini kemudian mengembangkan kebudayaan, bahasa, aksara, pemerintahan mereka sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Karena masyarakat Bugis tersebar didataran rendah yang subur dan pesisir, maka kebanyakan dari masyarakat Bugis hidup sebagai petani dan nelayan. Mata pencaharian lain yang diminati orang Bugis adalah pedagang. Selain itu masyarakat Bugis juga mengisi birokrasi pemerintahan dan menekuni bidang pendidikan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Komunitas Bugis hampir selalu dapat ditemui di daerah pesisir di nusantara bahkan sampai ke Malaysia, Filipina, Brunei dan Thailand. Budaya perantau yang dimiliki orang Bugis didorong oleh keinginan akan kemerdekaan. Kebahagiaan dalam tradisi Bugis hanya dapat diraih melalui kemerdekaan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tradisi filsafat sopan santun orang Bugis dibangun dan dibentuk sesuai dengan latar belakang budaya orang Bugis (kepercayaan, akhlak sesame, kesenian, moral, hukum, adat istiadat) yang keramat dan sakral. Filsafat sopan santun orang Bugis membahas masalah nilai atau norma sosial yang berlaku di dalam kehidupan masyarakat Bugis tentang perilaku menuju kehidupan yang baik yang didalamnya meliputi aspek kebenaran, akhlak, kewajiban, pendidikan, sopan santun, kepribadian, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>peran, dan sebagainya. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.85pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dengan melihat latar belakang yang telah diuraikan di atas tentang pentingnya sebuah kebudayaan dan tradisi yang timbul dari kebudayaan tersebut khususnya dalam masyarakat Bugis, maka yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam makalah ini yaitu membahas pola hidup masyarakat Bugis dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TUJUAN </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk mengetahui lebih dalam mengenai perjalanan sejarah orang Bugis dimana hal itu sangat penting dalam memahami dasar filsafat sopan santun etika orang Bugis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk mengetahui budaya sopan santun orang Bugis dalam kehidupan sehari-hari maupun dalam berinteraksi dengan sesama. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MANFAAT</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagai bahan pembelajaran dalam mata kuliah Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan dalam Proses Keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sebagai bahan referensi bagi mahasiswa dan pihak-pihak lain yang akan melakukan penyusunan makalah dengan topik yang sama.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB II</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">FILSAFAT SOPAN SANTUN ORANG BUGIS</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KONSEP SOPAN SANTUN ORANG BUGIS</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sopan menurut orang Bugis merupakan nilai budaya dan sudah menjadi sebuah karakter masyarakat Bugis yang sarat dengan muatan pendidikan umumnya memiliki makna yang berisi anjuran untuk berbuat baik, bertata krama melalui ucapan maupun gerak tubuh (tingkah laku), baik perbuatan yang dilakukan terhadap sesama maupun perbuatan untuk kebaikan diri sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Orang Bugis adalah masyarakat yang menjunjung tinggi sopan santun (etika dan tata cara pergaulan) yang benar dan sesuai hati nurani.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">CIRI-CIRI SOPAN SANTUN ORANG BUGIS</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Budaya masyarakat Bugis yang ditinggalkan oleh leluhur telah melahirkan sopan santun baik itu melalui ucapan maupun gerak. Ciri-ciri sopan santun orang Bugis dapat dilihat dari budayanya, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Fungsi utama pemmali dalam masyarakat Bugis adalah sebagai pegangan untuk membentuk pribadi luhur. dalam hal ini pemmali memegang peranan sebagai media pendidikan budi pekerti. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siri</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siri merupakan perasaan halus dan suci dan sebagai hal yang memberi identitas sosial dan martabat. dalam hal ini sebagai pandangan hidup untuk mempertahankan, meningkatkan atau mencapai suatu prestasi yang dilakukan dengan sekuat tenaga dan segala jerih payah demi siri itu sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabe</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabe mengajarkan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan akhlak sesama, seperti mengucapkan “permisi” sambil berbungkuk setengah badan bila lewat di depan sekumpulan orang-orang tua yang sedang bercerita. Tabe bermakna ramah, menghargai orang yang lebih tua serta menyayangi yang muda </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BUDAYA SOPAN SANTUN ORANG BUGIS</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PEMMALI</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>merupakan istilah dalam masyarakat Bugis yang digunakan untuk menyatakan larangan kepada seseorang yang berbuat dan mengatakan sesuatu yang tidak sesuai. Pemmali<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>dalam bahasa Indonesia diterjemahkan menjadi pemali yang memiliki makna pantangan, larangan berdasarkan adat dan kebiasaan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Masyarakat Bugis meyakini bahwa pelanggaran terhadap pemmali akan mengakibatkan ganjaran atau kutukan. Kepercayaan masyarakat Bugis terhadap pemmali<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>selalu dipegang teguh. Fungsi utama pemmali<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>adalah sebagai pegangan untuk membentuk pribadi luhur. Dalam hal ini pemmali memegang peranan sebagai media pendidikan budi pekerti.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali dalam masyarakat bugis dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu pemmali<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>dalam bentuk perkataan dan pemmali<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>dalam bentuk perbuatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali bentuk perkataan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali bentuk ini berupa tuturan atau ujaran. Biasanya berupa kata-kata yang dilarang atau pantang untuk diucapkan atau disebut kata tabu. Misalnya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">balawo</i> “tikus”, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">buaja </i>“buaya”, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">guttu </i>“guntur”. Kata-kata tabu seperti di atas jika diucapkan diyakini akan menghadirkan bencana atau kerugian. Misalnya, menyebut kata <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">balawo </i>(tikus) dipercaya masyarakat akan mengakibatkan gagal panen karena serangan hama tikus. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk menghindari penggunaan kata-kata tabu dalam berkomunikasi, masyarakat Bugis menggunakan eufemisme sebagai padanan kata yang lebih halus. Misalnya, kata <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">punna tanah </i>“penguasa tanah” digunakan untuk menggantikan kata <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">balawo</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali bentuk perbuatan atau tindakan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali bentuk perbuatan atau tindakan merupakan tingkah laku yang dilarang untuk dilakukan guna menghindari datangnya biaya, karma atau berkurangnya rezeki.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Beberapa contoh pemmali dan maknanya :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Riappemmalianggi ana’ daraE makkelong ri dapurennge narekko mannasui.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terjemahan : Pantangan bagi seorang gadis menyanyi di dapur apabila sedang memasak atau menyiapkan makanan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Akibat yang dapat ditimbulkan dari pelanggaran terhadap larangan ini adalah kemungkinan sang gadis akan mendapatkan jodoh yang sudah tua. Secara logika, tidak ada hubungan secara langsung antara menyanyi di dapur dengan jodoh seseorang. Memasak merupakan aktivitas manusia, sedangkan jodoh merupakan factor nasib, takdir dan kehendak Tuhan. Jika dimaknai lebih lanjut, pemmali di atas sebenarnya memiliki hubungan erat dengan masalah kesehatan. Menyanyi di dapur dapat mengakibatkan keluarnya ludah kemudian terpercik ke makanan, dan perilaku itu dapat mendatangkan penyakit. Namun, ungkapan atau larangan yang bernilai bagi kesehatan ini tidak dilakukan secara langsung, melainkan diungkapkan dalam bentuk pemmali.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Deq nawedding anaq daraE matinro lettu tengga asso nasabaq labewi dalleqna.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terjamahan : Gadis tidak boleh tidur sampai tengah hari sebab rezeki akan berlalu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bangun tengah hari melambangkan sikap malas. Apabila dilakukan oleh seorang gadis, hal ini dianggap sangat tidak baik. Jika seseorang terlambat bangun, maka pekerjaannya akan terbengkalai sehingga rezeki yang bias diperoleh lewat begitu saja. Hal itu juga dihubungkan dengan kemungkinan susah mendapatkan jodoh. Karena dianggap malas, lelaki bujangan tidak akan memilih gadis seperti ini menjadi istri. Jodoh ini merupakan salah satu rezeki yang melayang karena terlambat bangun.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari tinjauan kesehatan, bangun tengah hari dapat mengakibatkan kondisi fisik menjadi lemah sehingga dapat menyebabkan perempuan ( gadis ) tidak dapat beraktivitas menyelesaikan kebutuhan rumah tangga. Masyarakat bugis menempatkan perempuan sebagai pemegang kunci dalam mengurus rumah tangga dan memiliki jangkauan tugas yang luas, misalnya mengurus kebutuhan suami dan anak.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Riappemmalianggi matinro esso taue ri sese denapa natabbawa ujuna taumate engkae ri bali bolata.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terjemahan : Pantangan orang tidur siang jika jenazah yang ada di tetangga kita belum diberangkatkan ke kuburan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemali ini menggambarkan betapa tingginya penghargaan masyarakat Bugis terhadap sesamanya. Jika ada tetangga yang meninggal, masyarakat diharapkan ikut mengurus. Masyarakat biasanya berdatangan ke tempat jenazah disemayamkan untuk memberikan penghormatan terakhir<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan sebagai ungkapan turut berduka cita bagi keluarga yang ditinggalkan. Masyarakat yang tidak dapat melayat jenazah karena memiliki halangan dilarang untuk tidur sebelum jenazah dikuburkan, untuk menunjukkan perasaan berduka atau berempati dengan suasana duka yang dialami keluarga orang yang meninggal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali mattula bangi tauwe nasabaq macilakai.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terjemahan : Pantangan bertopang dagu sebab akan sial.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bertopang dagu menunjukkan sikap seseorang yang tidak melakukan sesuatu. Pekerjaannya hanya berpangku tangan.. Perbuatan ini menunjukkan sikap malas. Tidak ada hasil yang bisa didapatkan karena tidak ada pekerjaan yang dilakukan. Orang yang demikian biasanya hidup menderita. Ia dianggap sial karena tidak mampu melakukan pekerjaan yang mendatangkan hasil untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ketidakmampuan tersebut mengakibatkan hidupnya menderita.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali lewu moppang ananaE nasabaq magatti mate indoqna.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terjemahan : Pemali anak-anak berbaring tengkurap sebab ibunya akan cepat meninggal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tidur tengkurap merupakan cara tidur yang tidak biasa. Hal seperti ini dapat mengakibatkan gangguan terhadap kesehatan, misalnya sakit di dada atau sakit perut. Pemali ini berfungsi mendidik anak untuk menjadi orang yang memegang teguh etika, memahami sopan santun, dan menjaga budaya. Anak merupakan generasi yang harus dibina agar tumbuh sehingga ketika besar ia tidak memalukan keluarga.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali kalloloe manrewi passampo nasabaq iyaro nasabaqi pancajiwi passampo siri.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terjemahan : Pemali bagi remaja laki-laki menggunakan penutup sebagai alat makan sebab ia akan dijadikan penutup malu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Penutup malu maksudnya menikahi gadis yang hamil di luar nikah akibat perbuatan orang lain. Meskipun bukan dia yang menghamili, namun dia yang ditunjuk untuk mengawini atau bertanggungjawab. Inti pemali ini adalah memanfaatkan sesuatu sesuai fungsinya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menggunakan penutup ( penutup benda tertentu ) sebagai alat makan tidak sesuai dengan etika makan. Penutup bukan alat makan. Orang yang makan dengan penutup merupakan orang yang tidak menaati sopan santun dan etika makan. Akibat lain yang ditimbulkan adalah debu akan terbang masuk ke makanan, akhirnya makanan yang ada di wadah tertentu menjadi kotor karena memiliki penutup. Hal ini sangat tidak baik bagi kesehatan karena dapat mendatangkan penyakit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali saleiwi inanre iyarega uwae pella iya puraE ipatala nasabaq mabisai nakenna abalaq.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Terjemahan : Pemali meninggalkan makanan atau minuman yang sudah dihidangkan karene bisa terkena bencana.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemali ini memuat ajaran untuk tidak meninggalkan makanan atau minuman yang sengaja dibuatkan tanpa mencicipinya, adalah pemborosan sebab akan menjadi mubazir, membuat tuan rumah tersinggung, dan merupakan wujud penolakan terhadap rezeki. Selain itu, menikmati makanan atau minuman yang dihidangkan tuan rumah merupakan bentuk penghormatan seorang tamu terhadap tuan rumah. Makanan bagi masyarakat Bugis merupakan rezeki besar. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan beberapa contoh yang dipaparkan di atas, pemmali dapat dikategorikan ke dalam beberapa bagian, yaitu menurut jenis kelamin, usia, atau bidang kegiatan. Melihat tujuannya yang begitu luhur, pemmali merupakan nilai budaya Bugis yang mutlak untuk terus dilestarikan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SIRI</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bagi orang Bugis hidup ini adalah harga diri (siri) yang harus selalu dipelihara dan dipertaruhkan agar keseimbangannya dengan yang lain senantiasa terjaga apabila seseorang dibuat <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>siri (masiri) yang menyebabkan harga dirinya terganggu atau hilang, maka oleh masyarakat sekitarnya ia dituntut untuk mengambil langkah menebus diri dengan menyingkirkan penyebab siri di matanya sendiri dan di mata masyarakatnya. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ketika seseorang telah melangkah mengambil tindakan untuk mempertahankan dan merebut harga diri (siri’na), maka proses awal memasuki dunia sejarah dari seseorang telah dimulai.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 88.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Zainal Abidin Farid (1983 : 2) membagi siri, dalam dua jenis :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siri’ Nipakasiri’, yang terjadi bilamana seseorang dihina atau diperlakukan di luar batas kemanusiaan. Maka ia (atau keluarganya bila ia sendiri tidak mampu) harus menegakkan Siri’nya untuk mengembalikan harga diri yang telah dirampas sebelumnya. Jika tidak ia akan disebut mate siri (mati harkat dan martabatnya sebagai manusia). Masyarakat mengharapkan seseorang yang telah dibuat siri (masiri) mengambil tindakan karena dirasakan lebih baik mati mempertahankan harga diri (materi siri’na) daripada hidup tanpa harga diri (mate siri). Mati mempertahankan siri adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mate rigolai, mate ri sangtangi </i>atau menjalani kematian yang manis. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tetapi kita harus mengerti bahwa siri itu tidak bersifat menentang saja tetapi juga merupakan perasaan halus dan suci… Seseorang yang tidak mendengrkan orangtuanya kurang siri’nya. Seorang yang suka mencuri, atau yang tidak beragama, atau tidak tahu sopan santun semua kurang siri’nya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siri’ Masiri’, yaitu pandangan hidup yang bermaksud untuk mempertahankan, meningkatkan atau mencapai suatu prestasi yang dilakukan dengan sekuat tenaga dan segala jerih payah demi siri itu sendiri, demi siri keluarga dan kelompok. Ada ungkapan Bugis “Narekko sompe’ko, aja’ muancaji ana’guru, ancaji Punggawako” (Kalau kamu pergi merantau janganlah menjadi anak buah, tapi berjuanglah untuk menjadi pemimpin). </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.85pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TABE</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabe (permisi) merupakan budaya yang sangat indah yang ditinggalkan oleh leluhur kita, yang mewariskan sopan santun yang tidak hanya melalui ucapan tetapi juga dengan gerak. Bagaimanapun itu, hal ini perlu tetap dijaga karena tidak hanya diperuntukkan kepada yang muda memperlakukan ke yang lebih tua, tetapi juga sebaliknya. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wujud dari tabe adalah timbulnya sikap <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sipakatau, sipakainge</i> dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sipakalebbi</i>. Budaya tabe menunjukkan bahwa yang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ditabe’ki</i> dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">men’tabe</i> adalah sama-sama tau yang harus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dipakalebbi</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam tradisi ini, orang yang melakukan tabe selain harus mengucapkan kata tabe itu sendiri, juga harus membungkukkan badan sambil meluruskan tangan kanan ke bawah, bukan tangan kiri.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Melihat realita di masyarakat, sepertinya budaya tabe agak pudar terutama terjadi pada anak-anak remaja sekarang. Budaya tabe yang sudah mendarah daging dalam kebudayaan Bugis terkikis akibat pengaruh budaya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">elo-elo na </i>orang barat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 34pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 34pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 34pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENUTUP</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tradisi filasafat orang bugis adalah dibangun dan dibentuk sesuai dengan latar belakang budaya orang Bugis yang mengajarkan tentang cara hidup serta pandangan hidup tentang moral dan etika yang pada akhirnya menjadi sumber inspirasi dan pedoman hidup dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemmali dalam masyarakat Bugis merupakan nilai budaya yang penuh dengan muatan pendidikan. Pemmali umumnya memiliki makna yang berisi anjuran untuk berbuat baik. Baik itu perbuatan untuk kebaikan diri sendiri. Pemmali sangat kaya nilai luhur dalam pergaulan, etika, kepribadian, dan sopan santun.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Siri dalam masyarakat bugis adalah sebagai hal yang memberi identitas sosial dan martabat kepada seorang Bugis. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mate ri siri’na </i>maknanya mati dalam siri atau mati untuk menegakkan martabat dalam diri, bagi orang Bugis yang dianggap sebagai suatu hal yang terpuji dan terhormat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tabe mengajarkan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan akhlak sesama,. Tabe bermakna ramah, menghargai orang yang lebih tua serta menyayangi yang muda.</span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-49545558665350342902012-06-06T00:57:00.003-07:002012-06-06T00:57:17.154-07:00OSTEOPOROSIS<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGERTIAN</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: FreeSans;">Osteoporosis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: FreeSans;"> berasal dari kata <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Osteo”</b> artinya tulang, sedangkan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“porosis”</b> artinya keropos. Osteoporosis adalah suatu kelainan/penyakit metabolik tulang yang disebabkan karena banyak faktor yang ditandai adanya penurunan massa dan mineral tulang sedemikian rupa sehingga menyebabkan kondisi tulang menjadi rapuh, keropos dan mudah patah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: FreeSans;">Penyakit osteoporosis sering disebut sebagai <i>silent disease </i>karena proses kepadatan tulang berkurang secara perlahan (terutama pada penderita osteoporosis senilis) dan berlangsung secara progresif selama bertahun-tahun tanpa kita sadari dan tanpa disertai adanya gejala. Gejala-gejala baru timbul pada tahap osteoporosis lanjut, seperti patah tulang, punggung yang semakin membungkuk, hilangnya tinggi badan, dan nyeri punggung.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KLASIFIKASI</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam terapi hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah mengenali klasifikasi osteoporosis dari penderita. Osteoporosis dibagi 2 , yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Osteoporosis primer</span></strong></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Osteoporosis primer berhubungan dengan kelainan pada tulang, yang menyebabkan peningkatan proses resorpsi di tulang trabekula sehingga meningkatkan resiko fraktur vertebra dan Colles. Osteoporosis primer sering menyerang wanita paska menopause dan juga pada pria usia lanjut dengan penyebab yang belum diketahui.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Osteoporosis sekunder</span></strong></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Osteoporosis sekunder disebabkan oleh penyakit atau sebab lain di luar tulang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Osteoporosis idiopatik</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Osteoporosis idiopatik terjadi pada laki-laki yang lebih muda dan pemuda pra menopause dengan faktor etiologik yang tidak diketahui.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ETIOLOGI</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Osteoporosis postmenopausal</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> terjadi karena kekurangan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">estrogen</span></a> (hormon utama pada wanita), yang membantu mengatur pengangkutan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsium"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kalsium</span></a> ke dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tulang</span></a> pada wanita. Biasanya gejala timbul pada wanita yang berusia diantara 51-75 tahun, tetapi bisa mulai muncul lebih cepat ataupun lebih lambat. Tidak semua wanita memiliki risiko yang sama untuk menderita <i>osteoporosis postmenopausal</i>, wanita kulit putih dan daerah timur lebih mudah menderita penyakit ini daripada wanita kulit hitam.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Osteoporosis senilis</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> kemungkinan merupakan akibat dari kekurangan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsium"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kalsium</span></a> yang berhubungan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usia" title="Usia"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">usia</span></a> dan ketidakseimbangan diantara kecepatan hancurnya tulang dan pembentukan tulang yang baru. Senilis berarti bahwa keadaan ini hanya terjadi pada usia lanjut. Penyakit ini biasanya terjadi pada usia diatas 70 tahun dan 2 kali lebih sering menyerang wanita. Wanita seringkali menderita <i>osteoporosis senilis</i> dan <i>postmenopausal</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kurang dari 5% penderita osteoporosis juga mengalami osteoporosis sekunder, yang disebabkan oleh keadaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medis"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">medis</span></a> lainnya atau oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obat" title="Obat"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">obat-obatan</span></a>.Penyakit ini bisa disebabkan oleh gagal ginjal kronis dan kelainan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hormonal</span></a> (terutama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiroid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tiroid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tiroid</span></a>, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paratiroid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Paratiroid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">paratiroid</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adrenal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Adrenal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">adrenal</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) dan obat-obatan (misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kortikosteroid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kortikosteroid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kortikosteroid</span></a>, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbiturat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Barbiturat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">barbiturat</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, anti-kejang dan hormon tiroid yang berlebihan). Pemakaian alkohol yang berlebihan dan merokok bisa memperburuk keadaan ini.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Osteoporosis juvenil idiopatik</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> merupakan jenis osteoporosis yang penyebabnya tidak diketahui. Hal ini terjadi pada anak-anak dan dewasa muda yang memiliki kadar dan fungsi hormon yang normal, kadar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">vitamin</span></a> yang normal dan tidak memiliki penyebab yang jelas dari rapuhnya tulang.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hal lain yang menjadi penyebab atau faktor–faktor yang beresiko tinggi terkena osteoporosis, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wanita, wanita lebih beresiko terhadap pria</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menopause</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengangkatan kandungan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah umur 30 sampai 40 tahun</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kurang olah raga teratur</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merokok</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempunyai keluarga yang osteoporosis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wanita dengan berat badan kurang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kurang olah raga teratur</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Obat-obat tertentu</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyakit tertentu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asupan kalsium atau vitamin D rendah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penderita Hiperparatiroid</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penderita Hipertiroid</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penderita Anoreksia Nervosa</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hamil dan Menyusui</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola Makan yang Tidak Tepat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemakai Obat Kortikosteroid</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peminum Kopi Berlebihan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peminum Alkohol</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">GEJALA</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kepadatan tulang berkurang secara perlahan (terutama pada penderita osteoporosis senilis), sehingga pada awalnya osteoporosis tidak menimbulkan gejala. Beberapa penderita tidak memiliki gejala</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sehingga biasa disebut THE SILENT THIEF. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika kepadatan tulang sangat berkurang sehingga tulang menjadi kolaps atau hancur, maka akan timbul nyeri tulang dan kelainan bentuk.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kolaps <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang"><span style="color: windowtext;">tulang belakang</span></a> menyebabkan nyeri punggung menahun. Tulang belakang yang rapuh bisa mengalami kolaps secara spontan atau karena <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedera"><span style="color: windowtext;">cedera</span></a> ringan. Biasanya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyeri" title="Nyeri"><span style="color: windowtext;">nyeri</span></a> timbul secara tiba-tiba dan dirasakan di daerah tertentu dari punggung, yang akan bertambah nyeri jika penderita berdiri atau berjalan. Jika disentuh, daerah tersebut akan terasa sakit, tetapi biasanya rasa sakit ini akan menghilang secara bertahap setelah beberapa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minggu"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">minggu</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atau beberapa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulan"><span style="color: windowtext;">bulan</span></a>. Jika beberapa tulang belakang hancur, maka akan terbentuk kelengkungan yang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abnormal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abnormal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext;">abnormal</span></a> dari tulang belakang (punuk Dowager), yang menyebabkan ketegangan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot"><span style="color: windowtext;">otot</span></a> dan sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tulang lainnya bisa patah, yang seringkali disebabkan oleh tekanan yang ringan atau karena jatuh. Salah satu patah tulang yang paling serius adalah patah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang"><span style="color: windowtext;">tulang panggul</span></a>. Yang juga sering terjadi adalah patah tulang lengan (radius) di daerah persambungannya dengan pergelangan tangan, yang disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur"><span style="color: windowtext;">fraktur</span></a> Colles. Selain itu, pada penderita osteoporosis, patah tulang cenderung menyembuh secara perlahan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>DIAGNOSA</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada seseorang yang mengalami patah tulang, diagnosis osteoporosis ditegakkan berdasarkan gejala, pemeriksaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisik"><span style="color: windowtext;">fisik</span></a> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rontgen_tulang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rontgen tulang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN;">rontgen tulang</span></a><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">. Pemeriksaan lebih lanjut mungkin diperlukan untuk menyingkirkan keadaan lainnya yang bisa diatasi, yang bisa menyebabkan osteoporosis.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk mendiagnosis osteoporosis sebelum terjadinya patah tulang dilakukan pemeriksaan yang menilai kepadatan tulang. Pemeriksaan yang paling akurat adalah DXA (<i>dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry</i>). Pemeriksaan ini aman dan tidak menimbulkan nyeri, bisa dilakukan dalam waktu 5-15 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menit"><span style="color: windowtext;">menit</span></a>. DXA sangat berguna untuk:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">wanita yang memiliki risiko tinggi menderita osteoporosis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">penderita yang diagnosisnya belum pasti</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">penderita yang hasil pengobatannya harus dinilai secara akurat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PATOGENESIS</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mekanisme yang mendasari dalam semua kasus osteoporosis adalah ketidakseimbangan antara resorpsi tulang dan pembentukan tulang. Dalam tulang normal, terdapat matrik konstan remodeling tulang; hingga 10% dari seluruh massa tulang mungkin mengalami remodeling pada saat titik waktu tertentu. Proses pengambilan tempat dalam satuan-satuan multiseluler tulang (bone multicellular units (BMUs)) pertama kali dijelaskan oleh Frost tahun 1963. Tulang diresorpsi oleh sel osteoklas (yang diturunkan dari sumsum tulang), setelah tulang baru disetorkan oleh sel osteoblas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">G.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENCEGAHAN</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencegahan osteoporosi meliputi:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempertahankan atau meningkatkan kepadatan tulang dengan mengkonsumsi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">diet yang seimbang dengan klasium dan vitamin D y</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ang cukup</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melakukan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olah_raga" title="Olah raga"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">olah raga</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dengan beban</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengkonsumsi obat (untuk beberapa orang tertentu).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melakukan pemeriksaan tulang untuk mengetahui osteporosis secara dini</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengkonsumsi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsium"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kalsium</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dalam jumlah yang cukup sangat efektif, terutama sebelum tercapainya kepadatan tulang maksimal (sekitar umur 30 tahun). Minum 2 gelas susu dan tambahan vitamin D setiap hari, bisa meningkatkan kepadatan tulang pada wanita </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Setengah_baya&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Setengah baya (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">setengah baya</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang sebelumnya tidak mendapatkan cukup kalsium.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Olah raga beban (misalnya berjalan dan menaiki tangga) akan meningkatkan kepadatan tulang. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renang" title="Renang"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berenang</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">tidak</span><span lang="IN"> meningkatkan kepadatan tulang.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Estrogen membantu mempertahankan kepadatan tulang pada wanita dan sering diminum bersamaan dengan progesteron. Terapi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sulih&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sulih (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sulih</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> estrogen paling efektif dimulai dalam 4-6 tahun setelah menopause; tetapi jika baru dimulai lebih dari 6 tahun setelah menopause, masih bisa memperlambat kerapuhan tulang dan mengurangi risiko patah tulang. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raloksifen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Raloksifen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Raloksifen</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> merupakan obat menyerupai estrogen yang baru, yang mungkin kurang efektif daripada estrogen dalam mencegah kerapuhan tulang, tetapi tidak memiliki efek terhadap </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payudara"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">payudara</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atau </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahim"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rahim</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Untuk mencegah osteroporosis, bisfosfonat (contohnya alendronat), bisa digunakan sendiri atau bersamaan dengan terapi sulih hormon.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">H.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENGOBATAN</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tujuan pengobatan adalah meningkatkan kepadatan tulang. Semua wanita, terutama yang menderita osteoporosis, harus mengkonsumsi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsium"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kalsium</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vitamin D</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dalam jumlah yang mencukupi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wanita </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">paska menopause</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang menderita osteoporosis juga bisa mendapatkan estrogen (biasanya bersama dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesteron"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">progesteron</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) atau </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alendronat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Alendronat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">alendronat</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yang bisa memperlambat atau menghentikan penyakitnya. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bifosfonat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bifosfonat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bifosfonat</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> juga digunakan untuk mengobati osteoporosis.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alendronat berfungsi:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mengurangi kecepatan penyerapan tulang pada wanita pasca menopause</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">meningkatakan massa tulang di tulang belakang dan tulang panggul</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mengurangi angka kejadian patah tulang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Supaya diserap dengan baik, alendronat harus diminum dengan segelas penuh air pada pagi hari dan dalam waktu 30 menit sesudahnya tidak boleh makan atau minum yang lain. Alendronat bisa mengiritasi lapisan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saluran_pencernaan" title="Saluran pencernaan"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">saluran pencernaan</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> bagian atas, sehingga setelah meminumnya tidak boleh berbaring, minimal selama 30 menit sesudahnya. Obat ini tidak boleh diberikan kepada orang yang memiliki kesulitan menelan atau penyakit </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerongkongan" title="Kerongkongan"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kerongkongan</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambung"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">lambung</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsitonin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalsitonin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kalsitonin</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dianjurkan untuk diberikan kepada orang yang menderita patah tulang belakang yang disertai nyeri. Obat ini bisa diberikan dalam bentuk </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suntikan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Suntikan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">suntikan</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atau semprot hidung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tambahan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">fluorida</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> bisa meningkatkan kepadatan tulang. Tetapi tulang bisa mengalami kelainan dan menjadi rapuh, sehingga pemakaiannya tidak dianjurkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pria yang menderita osteoporosis biasanya mendapatkan kalsium dan tambahan vitamin D, terutama jika hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa tubuhnya tidak menyerap kalsium dalam jumlah yang mencukupi. Jika kadar </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">testosteronnya</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> rendah, bisa diberikan testosteron.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Patah tulang karena osteoporosis harus diobati. Patah tulang panggul biasanya diatasi dengan tindakan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembedahan" title="Pembedahan"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pembedahan</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Patah tulang pergelangan biasanya </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gips&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gips (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">digips</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atau diperbaiki dengan pembedahan. Pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kolaps&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kolaps (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kolaps</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> tulang belakang disertai nyeri punggung yang hebat, diberikan obat pereda nyeri, dipasang <i>supportive back brace</i> dan dilakukan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapi"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">terapi</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> fisik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://www.sabah.org.my/bm/nasihat/artikel_kesihatan/osteoporosis</span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.( di akses tanggal 21 oktober 2006)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://www.medicastore.com/nutrafor/isi.</span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(diakses tanggal 21 oktober 2006)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-12237150663127540042012-06-06T00:37:00.001-07:002012-06-06T00:37:57.869-07:00TANTANGAN DALAM PROFESI KEPERAWATAN DI INDONESIA<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DEFINISI</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tantangan profesi keperawatan adalah profesi yang sudah mendapatkan pengakuan dari profesi lain, dituntut untuk mengembangkan dirinya untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan agarkeberadaannya mendapat pengakuan dari masyarakat. Untuk mewujudkan pengakuan tersebut, maka perawat masih harus memperjuangkan langkah-langkah profesionalisme sesuai dengan keadaan dan lingkungan sosial.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tantangan internal profesi keperawatan adalah meningkatkan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) tenaga keperawatan sejalan dengan telah disepakatinya keperawatan sebagai suatu profesi pada lokakarya nasional keperawatan tahun 1983, sehingga keperawatan dituntut untuk memberikan pelayanan yang bersifat professional.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tantangan eksternal profesi keperawatan adalah kesiapan profesi lain untuk menerima paradigma baru yang kita bawa.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Professional keperawatan adalah proses dinamis dimana profesi keperawatan yang telah terbentuk (1984) mengalami perubahan dan perkembangan karakteristik sesuai dengan tuntutan profesi dan kebutuhan masyarakat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KLASIFIKASI</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adapun klasifikasi dari tantangan profesi keperawatan meliputi :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terjadi Pergeseran Pola Masyarakat Indonesia</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pergeseran pola masyarakat agrikultural ke masyarakat industri dan masyarakat tradisional berkembang menjadi masyarakat maju.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pergeseran pola kesehatan yaitu adanya penyakit dengan kemiskinan seperti infeksi, penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kurang gizi dan pemukiman yang tidak sehat, adanya penyakit atau kelainan kesehatan akibat pola hidup modern.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adanya angka kematian bayi dan angka kematian ibu sebagai indikator derajat kesehatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pergerakan umur harapan hidup juga mengakibatkan masalah kesehatan yang terkait dengan masyarakat lanjut usia seperti penyakit generatif.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masalah kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan urbanisasi, pencemaran kesehatan lingkungan dan kecelakaan kerja cenderung meningkat sejalan dengan pembangunan industry.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adanya pegeseran nilai-nilai keluarga mempegaruhi berkembangnya kecenderungan keluarga terhadap anggotanya menjadi berkurang.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesempatan mendapatkan pendidikan yang lebih tinggi dan penghasilan yang lebih besar membuat masyarakat lebih kritis dan mampu membayanr pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkembangan IPTEK menuntut kemampuan spesifikasi dan penelitian bukan saja dapat memanfaatkan IPTEK, tetapi juga untuk menapis dan memastikan IPTEK sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan social budaya masyarakat Indonesia yang akan diadopsi. IPTEK juga berdampak pada biaya kesehatan yang makin tinggi dan pilihan tindakan penanggulangan masalah kesehatan yang makin banyak dan kompleks selain itu dapat menurunkan jumlah hari rawat (Hamid, 1997; Jerningan,1998). Penurunan jumlah hari rawat mempengaruhi kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan yang lebih berfokus kepada kualitas bukan hanya kuantitas, serta meningkatkankebutuhan untuk pelayanan / asuhan keperawatan di rumah dengan mengikutsetakan klien dan keluarganya. Perkembangan IPTEK harus diikuti dengan upaya perlindungan terhadap untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang aman, hak untuk diberitahu, hak untuk memilih tindakan yang dilakukan dan hak untuk didengarkan pendapatnya. Oleh karena itu, pengguna jasa pelayanan kesehatan perlu memberikan persetujuan secara tertulis sebelum dilakukan tindakan (informed consent)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Globalisasi dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Globalisasi yang akan berpengaruh terhadp perkembangan pelayanan kesehatan termasuk pelayanan keperawatan ada 2 yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tersedianya alternatif pelayanan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Persaingan penyelenggaraan pelayanan untuk menarik minat pemakai jasa pemakai kualitas untuk memberikan jasa pelayanan kesehatan yang terbaik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk hal ini berarti tenaga kesehatan, khususnya tenaga keperawatan diharapkan untuk dapat memenuhi standar global dalam memberikan pelayanan / asuhan keperawatan. Dengan demikian diperlukan perawat yang mempunyai kemampuan professional dengan standar internasional dalam aspekintelektual,interpersonal dan teknikal, bahkan peka terhadap perbedaan social budaya dan mempunyai pengetahuan transtrutural yang luas serta mampu memanfaatkan alih IPTEK.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tuntutan Profesi Keperawatan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keyakinan bahwa keperawatan merpakan profesi harus disertai dengan realisasi pemenuhan karakteristik keperawatan sebagai profesi yang disebut dengan professional (Kelly & Joel,1995). Karakteristik profesi yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki dan memperkaya tubuh pengetahuan melalui penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki kemampuan memberikan pelayanan yang unik kepada orang lain</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendidikan yang memenuhi standar</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat pengendalian terhadap praktek</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bertanggug jawab & bertanggung gugat terhadap tindakan yang dilakukan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merupakan karir seumur hidup</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempunyai fungsi mandiri dan kolaborasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Praktek keperawatan sebagai tindakan keperawatan professional masyarakat penggunaan pengetahuan teoritik yang mantap dan kokoh dari berbagai ilmu keperawatan sebagai landasan untuk melakukan pengkajian, menegakkan diagnostik, menyusun perencanaan, melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan dan mengevaluasi hasil tindakan keperawatan serta mengadakan penyesuaian rencana keperawatan untuk menentukan tindakan selanjutnya. Selain memiliki kemampuan intelektual, interpersonal dan teknikal, perawat juga harus mempunyai otonomi yang berarti mandiri dan bersedia menanggung resiko, bertanggung jawab dan bertanggung gugat terhadap tindakan yang dilakukannya, termasuk dalam melakukan dan mengatur dirinya sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TANTANGAN PROFESI KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tantangan profesi perawat di Indonesia di abad 21 ini semakin meningkat. Seiring tuntutan menjadikan profesi perawat yang di hargai profesi lain. Profesi keperawatan dihadapkan pada banyak tantangan. Tantangan ini tidak hanya dari eksternal tapi juga dari internal profesi ini sendiri. Pembenahan internal yang meliputi empat dimensi dominan yaitu; keperawatan, pelayanan keperawatan, asuhan keperawatan dan praktik keperawatan. Belum lagi tantangan eksternal berupa tuntutan akan adanya registrasi, lisensi, sertifikasi, kompetensi dan perubahan pola penyakit, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan hak dan kewajiban, perubahan system pendidikan nasional, serta perubahan-perubahan pada supra system dan pranata lain yang terkait.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk menjawab tantangan-tantangan itu dibutuhkan komitmen dari semua pihak yang terkait dengan profesi ini, organisasi profesi, lembaga pendidikan keperawatan juga tidak kalah pentingnya peran serta pemerintah. Organisasi profesi dalam menentukan standarisasi kompetensi dan melakukan pembinaan, lembaga pendidikan dalam melahirkan perawat-perawat yang memiliki kualitas yang diharapkan serta pemerintah sebagai fasilitator dan memiliki peran-peran strategis lainnya dalam mewujudkan perubahan ini. Profesi memiliki beberapa karakteristik utama sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu profesi memerlukan pendidikan lanjut dari anggotanya, demikian juga landasan dasarnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu profesi memiliki kerangka pengetahuan teoritis yang mengarah pada keterampilan, kemampuan, pada orma-norma tertentu</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu profesi memberikan pelayanan tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anggota dari suatu profesi memiliki otonomi untuk membuat keputusan dan melakukan tindakan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Profesi sebagai satu kesatuan memiliki kode etik untuk melakukan praktik keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawat mempunyai tantangan yang sangat banyak salah satunya yaitu menjalakan tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugat yang besar. Tantangan dalam profesi keperawatan salah satunya yaitu mempunyai tanggung jawab yang tinggi, tanggung jawab tersebut tidak hanya kepada kliennya saja tetapi tanggung jawab yang diutamakan yaitu tanggung jawab terhadap Tuhannya (Responsibility to God), tanggung jawab tehadap klien dan masyarakat (Responsibility to Client and Society), dan tanggung jawab terhadap rekan sejawat dan atasan (Responsibility to Colleague and Supervisor).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggung jawab secara umum, yaitu :</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menghargai martabat setiap pasien dan keluargannya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menghargai hak pasien untuk menolak pengobatan, prosedur atau obat-obatan tertentu dan melaporkan penolakan tersebut kepada dokter dan orang-orang yang tepat di tempat tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menghargai setiap hak pasien dan keluarganya dalam hal kerahasiaan informasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila didelegasikan oleh dokter menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan pasien dan memberi informasi yang biasanya diberikan oleh dokter</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mendengarkan pasien secara seksama dan melaporkan hal-hal penting kepada orang yang tepat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dan tanggung gugat yang menjadi salah satu tantangan dalam profesi keperawatan didasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggung gugat bertujuan untuk : </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengevaluasi praktisi-praktisi professional baru dan mengkaji ulang praktisi-praktisi yang sudaj ada</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempertahankan standart perawatan kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memberikan fasilitas refleksi professional, pemikiran etis dan pertumbuhan pribadi sebagai bagian dari professional perawatan kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memberi dasar untuk membuat keputusan etis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggung gugat pada setiap tahap proses keperawatan, meliputi:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap Pengkajian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengkajian merupakan tahap awal dari proses keperawatan yang mempunyai tujuan mengumpulkan data.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawat bertanggung gugat untuk pengumpulan data atau informasi, mendorong partisipasi pasien dan penentuan keabsahan data yang dikumpulkan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada saat mengkaji perawat bertanggung gugat untuk kesenjangan-kesenjangan dalam data yang bertentangan data yang tidak atau kurang tepat atau data yang meragukan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap Diagnosa Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diagnosa merupakan keputusan professional perawat menganalisa data dan merumuskan respon pasien terhadap masalah kesehatan baik actual atau potensial</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawat bertanggung gugat untuk keputusan yang dibuat tentang masalah-masalah kesehatan pasien seperti pernyataan diagnostic (masalah kesehatan yang timbul pada pasien apakan diakui oleh pasien atau hanya perawat)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apakah perawat mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai, keyakinan dan kebiasaan atau kebudayaan pasien pada waktu menentukan masalah-masalah kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap Perencanaan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perencanaan merupakan pedoman perawat dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan, terdiri dari prioritas masalah, tujuan serta rencana kegiatan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggung gugat yang tercakup pada tahap perencanaan meliputi: penentuan prioritas, penetapan tujuan dan perencanaan kegiatan-kegiatan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Langkah ini semua disatukan ke dalam rencana keperawatan tertulis yang tersedia bagi semua perawat yang terlibat dalam asuhan keperawatan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tahap ini perawat juga bertanggung gugat untuk menjamin bahwa prioritas pasien juga dipertimbangkan dalam menetapkan prioritas asuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap Implementasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Implementasi keperawatan adalah pelaksanaan dari rencana asuhan keperawatan dalam bentuk tindakan-tindakan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawat bertanggung gugat untuk semua tindakan yang dilakukannya dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tindakan-tindakan tersebut dapat dilakukan secara langsung atau dengan bekerja sama dengan orang lain atau dapat pula didelegasikan kepada orang lain</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kegiatan keperawatan harus dicatat setelah dilaksanakan, oleh sebab itu dibuat catatan tertulis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap Evaluasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Evaluasi merupakan tahap penilaian terhadap hasil tindakan keperawatan yang telah diberikan, termasuk juga menilai semua tahap proses keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawat bertanggung gugat untuk keberhasilan atau kegagalan tindakan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perawat harus dapat menjelaskan mengapa tujuan pasien tidak tercapai dan tahap mana dari proses keperawatan yang perlu dirubah dan mengapa hal itu terjadi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setiap tantangan yang meliputi tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugat mempunyai bagian masing-masing. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa menghadapi tantangan yang sangat berat tersebut, diperlukan perawat dengan sikap yang selalu dilandasi oleh kaidah etik profesi. Upaya yang paling strategik untuk dapat menghasilkan perawat pofesional melalui pendidikan keperawatan profesional.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adapun keperawatan sebagai suatu profesi memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memberi pelayanan atau asuhan dan melakukan penelitian sesuai dengan kaidah ilmu dan ketrampilan serta kode etik keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Telah lulus dari pendidikan pada Jenjang Perguruan Tinggi (JPT) sehingga diharapkan mampu untuk :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bersikap professional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempunyai pengetahuan dan ketrampilan professional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memberi pelayanan asuhan keperawatan professional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menggunakan etika keperawatan dalam memberi pelayanan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengelola ruang lingkup keperawatan berikut sesuai dengan kaidah suatu profesi dalam bidang kesehatan, yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem pelayanan atau asuhan keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendidikan atau pelatihan keperawatan yang berjenjang dan berlanjut</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perumusan standar keperawatan (asuhan keperawatan, pendidikan keperawatan registrasi atau legislasi), dan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melakukan riset keperawatan oleh perawat pelaksana secara terencana dan terarah sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-79720977261922115632012-05-18T00:17:00.001-07:002012-05-18T00:17:12.897-07:00DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN NANDA DAN INTERVENSINYA DALAM 9 POLA KEBUTUHAN KESEHATAN DASAR MANUSIA<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">NYERI</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx : Gangguan rasa nyaman nyeri berhubungan dengan distensi abdomen.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi tanda-tanda vital</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji tingkat rasa nyeri</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Atur posisi yang nyaman bagi klien</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Beri kompres hangat pada daerah abdomen</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan dokter dalam pemberian therafi analgetik sesuai indikasi.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Nyeri b.d spasme otot , pergeseran fragmen tulang</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji ulang lokasi, intensitas dan tpe nyeri</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan imobilisasi bagian yang sakit dengan tirah baring</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan lingkungan yang tenang dan berikan dorongan untuk melakukan aktivitas hiburan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ganti posisi dengan bantuan bila ditoleransi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Jelaskan prosedur sebelum memulai</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan dan awasi latihan rentang gerak pasif/aktif </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Gangguan rasa nyaman ( nyeri ) berhubungan dengan iskemik jaringan.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji tingkat, frekuensi, dan reaksi nyeri yang dialami pasien.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : untuk mengetahui berapa berat nyeri yang dialami pasien.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Jelaskan pada pasien tentang sebab-sebab timbulnya nyeri</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : pemahaman pasien tentang penyebab nyeri yang terjadi akan mengurangi ketegangan pasien dan memudahkan pasien untuk diajak bekerjasama dalam melakukan tindakan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ciptakan lingkungan yang tenang</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Rangasanga yang berlebihan dari lingkungan akan memperberat rasa nyeri.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ajarkan teknik distraksi dan relaksasi.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Teknik distraksi dan relaksasi dapat mengurangi rasa nyeri yang dirasakan pasien.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Atur posisi pasien senyaman mungkin sesuai keinginan pasien.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Posisi yang nyaman akan membantu memberikan kesempatan pada otot untuk relaksasi seoptimal mungkin.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan massage dan kompres luka dengan BWC saat rawat luka.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : massage dapat meningkatkan vaskulerisasi dan pengeluaran pus sedangkan BWC sebagai desinfektan yang dapat memberikan rasa nyaman</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan dokter untuk pemberian analgesik.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Obat –obat analgesik dapat membantu mengurangi nyeri pasien. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><em><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: normal; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b></em><em><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx : Nyeri berhubungan dengan</span></span></b></em><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><em><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">trauma jaringan</span></span></em></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mandiri</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi dan catat keluhan lokasi beratnya (skala 0-10) dan efek yang ditimbulkan oleh nyeri</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Membantu membedakan penyebab nyeri dan memberikan informasi tentang kemajuan atau perbaikan penyakit, terjadinyaa komplikasi dan keefektifan intervensi.</span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pantau tanda-tanda vital</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Peningkatan nyeri akan meningkatkan tanda-tanda vital</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ajarkan untuk menggunakan teknik relaksasi dan nafas dalam atau teknik distraksi seperti mendengarkan musik atau membaca buku</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Membantu atau mengontrol mengalihkan rasa nyeri, memusatkan kembali perhatian dan dapat meningkatkan koping</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi:Pemberian obat analgetik sesuai indikasi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Menurunkan nyeri.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">gangguan rasa nyaman nyeri b/d tidak pantasnya kontaminitas jaringan akibat trauma pada jalan lahir Karen alat</span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji tingkat nyeri</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi TTV</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan teknik relaksasi distraksi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolab antibiotic</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rawat inkal atau kompres dengan anti septic</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan septic aseptic saat melakukan tindakan Rasionalisasi.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">f.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Nyeri akut berhubungan dengan iritasi mukosa lambung (gaster).</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi : </span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Catat adanya keluhan nyeri epigastrik (sensasi ulu hati seperti terbakar/ panas), perih</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Motivasi klien untuk tidak telat makan. Makan makanan ringan bila di antara waktu makan perut terasa perih.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi ada keluhan lain yang menyertai seperti mual/ muntah, perut kembung.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi tanda vital</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">beri obat-obatan sesuai program medis.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">g.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gangguan rasa nyaman nyeri berhubungan dengan adanya cedera.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji terhadap nyeri dengan skala 0 – 5. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : pasien melaporkan nyeri biasanya diatas tingkat cedera.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu pasien dalam identifikasi faktor pencetus. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : nyeri dipengaruhi oleh; kecemasan, ketegangan, suhu, distensi kandung kemih dan berbaring lama.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan tindakan kenyamanan. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : memberikan rasa nayaman dengan cara membantu mengontrol nyeri.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dorong pasien menggunakan tehnik relaksasi. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : memfokuskan kembali perhatian, meningkatkan rasa kontrol.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan obat antinyeri sesuai pesanan. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : untuk menghilangkan nyeri otot atau untuk menghilangkan kecemasan dan meningkatkan istirahat.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">h.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Nyeri yang berhubungan dengan kondisi pasca operasi</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Antisipasi kebutuhan terhadap obat nyeri dan atau metode tambahan penghilang nyeri.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perhatikan dokumentasikan, dan identifikasi keluhan nyeri pada sisi insisi; abdomen, wajah meringis terhadap nyeri, penurunan mobilitas, perilaku distraksi/penghilang.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan obat nyeri sesuai pesanan dan evaluasi efektivitasnya.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan tindakan kenyamanan lain yang dapat membantu, seperti perubahan posisi atau menyokong dengan bantal </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">i.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gangguan rasa nyaman : Nyeri berhubungan dengan insisi bedah sekunder terhadap amputasi</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Evaluasi nyeri : berasal dari sensasi panthom limb atau dari luka insisi. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bila terjadi nyeri panthom limb Beri analgesik ( kolaboratif ).</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ajarkan klien memberikan tekanan lembut dengan menempatkan puntung pada handuk dan menarik handuk dengan berlahan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">NUTRISI</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Gangguan kebutuhan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubuingan dengan mual dan muntah</span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">.</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji pola nutrisi klien dan perubahan yang terjadi. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Timbang berat badan klien. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji factor penyebab gangguan pemenuhan nutrisi. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan pemerikasaan fisik abdomen (palpasi,perkusi,dan auskultasi). </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan diet dalam kondisi hangat dan porsi kecil tapi sering. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan tim gizi dalam penentuan diet klien</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan (resiko) berhubungan dengan masukan nutrient yang tidak adekuat, Outcome yang diharapkan</span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">.</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Catat adanya keluhan mual/muntah, anoreksia</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Anjurkan klien untuk modifikasi diit (porsi sedikit demi sedikit tapi sering)</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rencanakan pengaturan diit dengan libatkan klien dan ahli gizi (kebutuhan kalori, variasi menu)</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pantau intake nutrisi klien</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">berikan obat-obatan bila ada indikasi sesuai program</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Nutrisi,kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Identifikasi factor yang menimbulkan mual/muntah</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">berikan makanan porsi kecil dan sering termasuk makanan kering dan/atau makanan yang menarik untuk pasien.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh b/d gangguan absorbsi nutrien, status hipermetabolik sekunder terhadap proses keganasan usus.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan tirah baring selama fase akut/pasca terapi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu perawatan kebersihan rongga mulut (oral hygiene).</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan diet TKTP, sajikan dalam bentuk yang sesuai perkembangan kesehatan klien (lunak, bubur kasar, nasi biasa)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi pemberian obat-obatan sesuai indikasi (roborantia)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bila perlu, kolaborasi pemberian nutrisi parenteral.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Perubahan nutrisi lebih dari kebutuhan tubuh</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi frekuensi peristaltic usus secara periodic</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi respon klien terhadap pemasukan nutrisi peroral, nasogastrik tube maupun parenteral</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ciptakan lingkungan yang menyenangkan</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu dan berikan motivasi dan dukungan kepada klien dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisinya</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan dokter atau ahli gizi : </span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tentukan kebutuhan kalori diit perhari</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemberian nutrisi parenteral</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemberian obat-obatan</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Evaluasi hasil laboratorium atau radiologi</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">ELIMINASI</span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Diare</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l61 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu kebutuhan defekasi (bila tirah baring siapkan alat yang diperlukan dekat tempat tidur, pasang tirai dan segera buang feses setelah defekasi).</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l61 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tingkatkan/pertahankan asupan cairan per oral.</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l61 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ajarkan tentang makanan-minuman yang dapat memperburuk/mencetus-kan diare.</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l61 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi dan catat frekuensi defekasi, volume dan karakteristik feses.</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l61 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi demam, takikardia, letargi, leukositosis, penurunan protein serum, ansietas dan kelesuan.</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l61 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi pemberian obat-obatan sesuai program terapi (antibiotika, antikolinergik, kortikosteroid).</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">gangguan eliminasi BAB, konstipasi sampai dengan nyeri rektand atau penrema</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Anjurkan banyak minum dengan ambulasi dinikolab pemberian laksatip</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasionalisasi :</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l66 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Banyak minum dapat mambantu melarutkan feses dengan ambulasi mengurangi kostipasi</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l66 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Melancarkan pembentukan feses yang lembek</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Gangguan eliminasi alvi /konstipasi berhubungan dengan gangguan persarafan pada usus dan rectum.</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Auskultasi bising usus, catat lokasi dan karakteristiknya.</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : bising usus mungkin tidak ada selama syok spinal.</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi adanya distensi perut.</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Catat adanya keluhan mual dan ingin muntah, pasang NGT. </span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : pendarahan gantrointentinal dan lambung mungkin terjadi akibat trauma dan stress.</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan diet seimbang TKTP cair : meningkatkan konsistensi feces</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan obat pencahar sesuai pesanan. </span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional: merangsang kerja usus</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perubahan eliminasi urin berhubungan dengan drainase urin.</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji system drainase urin dengan segera.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji keadekuatan keluaran urin dan patensi system drainase.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gunakan prosedur asepsis dan pembasuhan tangan ketika memberikan perawatan serta tindakan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan system drainase urin yang tertutup.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Jika irigasi diperlukan dan diresepkan, lakukan tindakan ini secara hati-hati dengan menggunakan larutan saline steril.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu pasien dalam mobilisasi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi warna, volume bau dan konsistensi urin.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kurangi trauma dan manipulasi kateter, system drainase serta uretra.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bersihkan kateter secara hati-hati.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan asupan cairan yang adekuat</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">gangguan eliminasi BAK sampai dengan trauma akibat p’ saluran</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l65 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi kandung kemih</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l65 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Anjurkan BAB teratur</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l65 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan kompres hangat</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l65 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan kaperisasi </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasionalisasi :</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kandungan kemih menjaga kontraksi atau involusi uterus</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Urine tertahan mengakibatkan terjadinya infeksi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Relaksasi spring ter urinenan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Blass yang para mengakibatkan terganggunya kontraksi dengan akolasi uterus dimana uterus tertekan oleh blass sehingga uterus terjepit dan mengakibatakan penanahan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">f.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Perubahan pola eliminasi urine berhubungan dengan kelumpuhan syarat perkemihan.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji pola berkemih, dan catat produksi urine tiap jam. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : mengetahui fungsi ginjal</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Palpasi kemungkinan adanya distensi kandung kemih.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Anjurkan pasien untuk minum 2000 cc/hari. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : membantu mempertahankan fungsi ginjal.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pasang dower kateter. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional membantu proses pengeluaran urine</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">g.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Konstipasi</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi bising usus secara periodic</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Anjurkan untuk meningkatkan asupan cairan sedikitnya 2 liter perhari bila tidak ada kontra indikasi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tingkatkan aktivitas secara teratur</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Untuk pemberian terapi yang sesuai, pemeriksaan penunjang yang diperlukan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi tim dietis untuk pemberian diit seimbang dan tinggi serat</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">OKSIGENASI</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx :</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pola napas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan kelumpuhan otot diafragma</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan jalan nafas; posisi kepala tanpa gerak. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : pasien dengan cedera cervicalis akan membutuhkan bantuan untuk mencegah aspirasi/ mempertahankan jalan nafas.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan penghisapan lendir bila perlu, catat jumlah, jenis dan karakteristik sekret. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : jika batuk tidak efektif, penghisapan dibutuhkan untuk mengeluarkan sekret, dan mengurangi resiko infeksi pernapasan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji fungsi pernapasan. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : trauma pada C5-6 menyebabkan hilangnya fungsi pernapasan secara partial, karena otot pernapasan mengalami kelumpuhan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Auskultasi suara napas. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : hipoventilasi biasanya terjadi atau menyebabkan akumulasi sekret yang berakibat pneumonia.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi warna kulit. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : menggambarkan adanya kegagalan pernapasan yang memerlukan tindakan segera</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji distensi perut dan spasme otot. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : kelainan penuh pada perut disebabkan karena kelumpuhan diafragma</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Anjurkan pasien untuk minum minimal 2000 cc/hari. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : membantu mengencerkan sekret, meningkatkan mobilisasi sekret sebagai ekspektoran.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan pengukuran kapasitas vital, volume tidal dan kekuatan pernapasan. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : menentukan fungsi otot-otot pernapasan. Pengkajian terus menerus untuk mendeteksi adanya kegagalan pernapasan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pantau analisa gas darah. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : untuk mengetahui adanya kelainan fungsi pertukaran gas sebagai contoh : hiperventilasi PaO2 rendah dan PaCO2 meningkat.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan oksigen dengan cara yang tepat : metode dipilih sesuai dengan keadaan isufisiensi pernapasan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan fisioterapi nafas. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : mencegah sekret tertahan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Resiko bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan lokasi imsisi</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan preparat analgesic seperti yang diresepkan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Fiksasi luka insisi dengan kedua belah tangan atau bantal untuk membantu pasien saat batuk.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dorong penggunaan spirometer insentif jika terdapat indikasi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu dan dorong ambulasi dini.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu pasien untuk mengganti posisi dengan sering</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penurunan curah jantung</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi tanda-tanda vital, tingkat kesadaran pasien</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pantau pengeluaran urine catat jumlah dan karakteristik urine</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Batasi aktivitas pasien melakukan hal-hal yang dapat menghindari kelelahan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemberian terapi oksigen</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemberian obat diuretika, vasodilator, dihitalis, antikoagulan, pemberian cairan intravena</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l70 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">5.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">ISTIRAHAT/TIDUR</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l67 level1 lfo38; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Ketidak </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">keseimbangan istirahat/tidur</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menyediakan tempat/ waktu tidur yang nyaman</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mengatur lingkungan yang adekuat</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Latihan fisik ringan memperlancar sirkulasi dan melenturkan otot</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo39; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Minum hangat sebelum tidur</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo40; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Gangguan pola tidur</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Identifikasi fktor penyebab gangguan tidur</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">dan cara mengatasinya</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ciptakan lingkungan yang tenang</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">kurangi kebisingan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">batasi asupan cairan pada malam hari dan anjurkan berkemih sebelum tidur.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo41; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">batasi waktu tidur siang.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l70 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">6.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">AKTIVITAS</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo42; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Takikardia sebagai respons terhadap aktivitas</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Evaluasi respons pasien terhadap aktivitas,catat laporan dispnea, peningkatan kelemahan/kelelahan dan perubahan tanda vital selama dan setelah aktivitas.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo43; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">bantu aktivitas perawatan diri yang diperlukan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Kelelahan umum ,penurunan kekuatan/ketahanan: mengalami keterbatasan aktivitas: depresi.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">tingkatkan tirah baring/duduk.berikan lingkungan tenang:batasi pegunjungan sesui keperluan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo45; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">ubah posisi dengan sering,berikan perawatan kulit yang baik.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo44; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx : Kurang mampu merawat diri</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pastikan makanan yang tidak disukai</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">ciptakan lingkungan nyaman</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">observasi kemampuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam setiap aktivitas keperawatan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo46; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">kekuatan dan daya tahan menurun</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l70 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">7.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PERSONAL HYGIENE</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gatal - gatal </span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menyediakan tempat/ waktu tidur yang nyaman</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mengatur lingkungan yang adekuat</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo49; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Gangguan integritas kulit berhubungan dengan iritasi, frekwensi BAB yang berlebihan.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l64 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ganti popok anak jika basah. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l64 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bersihkan bokong perlahan sabun non alcohol. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l64 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Beri zalp seperti zinc oxsida bila terjadi iritasi pada kulit. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l64 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi bokong dan perineum dari infeksi. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l64 level1 lfo50; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan dokter dalam pemberian therafi antipungi sesuai indikasi.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo49; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx:</span></span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><em><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gangguan citra tubuh berhubungan dengan perubahan dalam penampilan sekunder akibat kehilangan bagian tubuh</span></em></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">.</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mandiri</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dorong pasien untuk mengekspresikan perasaan khususnya mengenai pikiran, perasaan, pandangan dirinya.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Membantu pasien untuk menyadari perasaannya yang tidak biasa</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Catat prilaku menarik diri. Peningkatan ketergantungan, manipulasi atau tidak terlibat pada perawatan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Dugaan masalah pada penilaian yang dapat memerlukan evaluasi tindak lanjut dan terapi yang lebih ketat.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan pendekatan positif selama aktivitas perawatan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Bantu pasien/orang terdekat untuk menerima perubahan tubuh dan merasakan baik tentang diri sendiri.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l70 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">8.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PSIKOSOSIAL</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: </span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Risiko terhadap penyiksaan pada diri sendiri, orang lain dan lingkungan berhubungan dengan berespon pada pikiran delusi dan halusinasi.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan agar lingkungan klien pada tingkat stimulaus yang rendah (penyinaran rendah, sedikit orang, dekorasi yang sederhana dan tingakat kebisingan yang rendah)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ciptakan lingkungan psikososial :</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l62 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sikap perawat yang bersahabat, penuh perhatian, lembuh dan hangat)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l62 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bina hubungan saling percaya (menyapa klien dengan rama memanggil nama klien, jujur, tepat janji, empati dan menghargai.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l62 level1 lfo54; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tunjukkan perwat yang bertanggung jawab.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi secara ketat perilaku klien (setiap 15 menit)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kembangkan orientasi kenyataan :</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo56; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu kien untuk mengenal persepsinya</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo56; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Beri umpan balik tentang perilaku klien tanpa menyokong atau membantah kondoisinya</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo56; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Beri kesempatan untuk mengungkapkan persepsi dan daya orientasi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo57; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lindungi klien dan keluarga dari bahaya halusinasi :</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo58; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji halusinasi klien</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo58; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lakukan tindakan pengawasan ketat, upayakan tidak melakukan pengikatan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo59; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tingkatkan peran serta keluarga pada tiap tahap perawatan dan jelaskan prinsip-prinsip tindakan pada halusinasi.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo59; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan obat-obatan antipsikotik sesuai dengan program terapi (pantau keefektifan dan efek samping obat).</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l63 level1 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx:</span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> Kurangnya interaksi sosial (isolasi sosial) berhubungan dengan sistem pendukung yang tidak adequat.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo61; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ciptakan lingkungan terapeutik :</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo62; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">bina hubungan saling percaya (menyapa klien dengan rama memanggil nama klien, jujur , tepat janji, empati dan menghargai).</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo62; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">tunjukkan perawat yang bertanggung jawab</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo62; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">tingkatkan kontak klien dengan lingkungan sosial secara bertahap</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo61; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perlihatkan penguatan positif pada klien.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Temani klien untuk memperlihatkan dukungan selama aktivitas kelompok yang mungkin merupakan hal yang sukar bagi klien.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l58 level1 lfo63; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Orientasikan klien pada waktu, tempat dan orang.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l58 level1 lfo63; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan obat anti psikotik sesuai dengan program terapi.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l63 level1 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx:</span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> Kurang pengetahuan tentang pelaksanaan diet dan proses penyakit berhubungan dengan kurangnya informasi dan kesalahan interpretasi informasi .</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo64; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gali pengetahuan klien tentang diet dan proses penyakit</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo64; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan ahli gizi untuk menentukan diet pasien</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo64; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Jelaskan tentang proses penyakit dengan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti oleh pasien</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo64; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tanya pasein tentang hal yang telah dijelaskan petugas</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l63 level1 lfo60; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx:</span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> Gangguan konsep diri berhubungan dengan perubahan citra tubuh sekunder terhadap amputasi</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo65; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gangguan konsep diri berhubungan dengan perubahan citra tubuh sekunder terhadap amputasi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo65; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menggunakan pakaian.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo65; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan dukungan moral.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo65; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Hadirkan orang yang pernah amputasi yang telah menerima diri</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l70 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">9.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">CAIRAN DAN ELETROLIT</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l68 level1 lfo66; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Defisit volume cairan dan elektrolit kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan output cairan yang berlebihan.</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo67; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi tanda-tanda vital. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo67; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Observasi tanda-tanda dehidrasi. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo67; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ukur infut dan output cairan (balanc ccairan). </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo67; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan dan anjurkan keluarga untuk memberikan minum yang banyak kurang lebih 2000 – 2500 cc per hari. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo67; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan dokter dalam pemberian therafi cairan, pemeriksaan lab elektrolit. </span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo67; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan tim gizi dalam pemberian cairan rendah sodium.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo68; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx: Resiko terjadinya kekurangan volume cairan berhubungan dengan masukan cairan yang tidak cukup, pengeluaran cairan yang berlebihan (muntah/mual)</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo69; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Catat karakteristik muntah dan banyaknya pendaraha</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo69; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kaji tanda-tanda vital (TD, nadi, suhu)</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo69; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Monitor intake dan output cairan</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo69; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tinggikan kepala selama minum obat</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo69; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan cairan jenuh/lembut jika masukan dimulai lagi, hindari minuman yang berkafein dan berkarbon</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo69; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan tirah baring</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo69; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kolaborasi dengan pemberian cairan sesuai indikasi</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo68; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx : Resiko bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan lokasi imsisi operatif.</span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo70; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berikan preparat analgesic seperti yang diresepkan.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo70; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Fiksasi luka insisi dengan kedua belah tangan atau bantal untuk membantu pasien saat batuk.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo70; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dorong penggunaan spirometer insentif jika terdapat indikasi</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo70; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu dan dorong ambulasi dini.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo70; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bantu pasien untuk mengganti posisi dengan sering.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo68; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dx : </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><em><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gangguan citra tubuh berhubungan dengan perubahan dalam penampilan sekunder akibat kehilangan bagian tubuh</span></em></span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">.</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intervensi :</span></span></i></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mandiri</span></span></b></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l69 level1 lfo71; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dorong pasien untuk mengekspresikan perasaan khususnya mengenai pikiran, perasaan, pandangan dirinya.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Membantu pasien untuk menyadari perasaannya yang tidak biasa</span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l69 level1 lfo71; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Catat prilaku menarik diri. Peningkatan ketergantungan, manipulasi atau tidak terlibat pada perawatan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Dugaan masalah pada penilaian yang dapat memerlukan evaluasi tindak lanjut dan terapi yang lebih ketat.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l69 level1 lfo71; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">·</span><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pertahankan pendekatan positif selama aktivitas perawatan</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasional : Bantu pasien/orang terdekat untuk menerima perubahan tubuh dan merasakan baik tentang diri sendiri.</span></span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-36277092689912968782012-05-17T22:36:00.001-07:002012-05-17T22:36:51.109-07:00KONSEP ETIKA KEPERAWATAN<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -14.75pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENGERTIAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Etika berasal dari bahasa yunani, yaitu ethos, yang menurut Araskar dan David ( 1979 ) berarti “ kebiasaan “, “ model perilaku “ atau standar yang diharapkan dan kriteria tertentu untuk suatu tindakan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Etika adalah kode perilaku yang memperlihatkan perbuatan yang baik dan benar bagi kelompok tertentu. Etika berhubungan dengan peraturan untuk perbuatan atau tindakan yang mempunyai prinsip benar dan salah, serta prinsip moralitas karena etika mempunyai tanggung jawab moral karena tidak ada undang-undang atau peraturan yang menegaskan hal yang harus dilakukan. Etika berbagai profesi digariskan dalam kode etik yang bersumber dari martabat dan hak manusia (yang memiliki sikap menerima) dan kepercayaan dari profesi. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Faktor teknologi yang meningkat, ilmu pengetahuan yang berkembang (pemakaian mesin untuk memperpanjang usia, legalisasi abortus, pencangkokan organ manusia, penelitian yang memakai objek manusia) ini memerlukan pertimbangan yang menyangkut nilai, hak-hak asasi dan tanggung jawab profesi. Organisasi profesi diharapkan mampu memelihara dan menghargai, mengamalkan, mengembangkan nilai tersebut melalui kode etik yang disusunnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Kadang-kadang perawat dihadapkan pada situasi yang memerlukan keputusan untuk mengambil tindakan. Perawat memberi asuhan kapada klien, keluarga, dan masyarakat; menerima tanggung jawab untuk membuat keadaan lingkungan fisik, sosial dan spiritual yang memungkinkan untuk penyembuhan dan menekankan pencegahan penyakit; serta meningkatkan kesehatan dengan penyuluhan kesehatan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pelayanan kepada umat manusia merupakan fungsi utama perawat dan dasar adanya profesi keperawatan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kebutuhan pelayanan keperawatan adalah universal, karena itu tidak membedakan kebangsaan, warna kulit, politik, status sosial, dan lain-lain. Pelayanan ini berdasarkan kepercayaan bahwa perawat akan berbuat hal yang benar, hal yang diperlukan, dan hal yang menguntungkan pasien dan kesehatannya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Moral</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">Moral merupakan istilah dari bahasa latin,yaitu “Mos” dan dalam bentuk jamaknya “Mores”, yang berarti juga adat kebiasaan hidup seseorang dengan melakukan perbuatan baik (kesusilaan) dan menghindari hal-hal tindakan yang buruk.</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pengertian moral yaitu :</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">perilaku yang diharapkan oleh masyarakat yang merupakan “standar perilaku” dan “nilai” yang harus diperhatikan bila seseorang menjadi anggota masyarakat tempat ia tinggal. </span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">Nilai-nilai dan norma-norma yang menjadi pegangan bagi seseorang atau suatu kelompok dalam mengatur tingkah lakunya.</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sesuatu tentang ide-ide yang umum diterima tentang tindakan manusia, mana yang baik dan mana yang wajar. </span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Etik memiliki terminologi yang berbeda dengan moral bila istilah etik mengarahkan terminologinya untuk penyelidikan filosofis atau kajian tentang masalah atau dilema tertentu. Moral mendeskripsikan perilaku aktual, kebiasaan dan kepercayaan sekelompok orang atau kelompok tertentu. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">TIPE-TIPE ETIK</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bioetik</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pada lingkup yang lebih sempit, bioetik merupakan evaluasi etik pada moralitas treatment atau inovasi teknologi, dan waktu pelaksanaan pengobatan pada manusia. Pada lingkup yang lebih luas, bioetik mengevaluasi pada semua tindakan moral yang mungkin membantu atau membahayakan kemampuan organisme terhadap perasaan takut dan nyeri, yang meliputi semua tindakan pengobatan dan biologi. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Clinical ethics/Etik klinik</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Etik klinik merupakan bagian dari bioetik yang lebih memperhatikan pada masalah etik selama pemberian pelayanan pada klien. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Nursing ethics/Etik Perawatan</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bagian dari bioetik, yang merupakan studi formal tentang isu etik dan dikembangkan dalam tindakan keperawatan serta dianalisis untuk mendapatkan keputusan etik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">TEORI ETIK</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Utilitarian </span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebenaran atau kesalahan dari tindakan tergantung dari konsekwensi atau akibat tindakan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Deontologi</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendekatan deontologi berarti juga aturan atau prinsip. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut antara lain autonomy, informed consent, alokasi sumber-sumber, dan euthanasia. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">PRINSIP-PRINSIP ETIK</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">Prinsip-prinsip etik merupakan masalah umum dalam melakukan sesuatu sehingga membentuk suatu sistem etik. Prinsip etik berfungsi untuk membuat secara spesifik apakah suatu tindakan dilarang, diperlukan atau diizinkan dalam situasi tertentu. </span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Otonomi </span></strong><em><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">(Autonomy</span></b></em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Prinsip otonomi didasarkan pada keyakinan bahwa individu (orang dewasa) mampu berpikir logis dan mampu membuat keputusan sendiri. Otonomi merupakan hak kemandirian dan kebebasan individu yang menuntut pembedaan diri. Praktek profesional merefleksikan otonomi saat perawat menghargai hak-hak klien dalam membuat keputusan tentang perawatan dirinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berbuat baik (</span></strong><em><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Beneficience</span></b></em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Beneficience berarti, hanya melakukan sesuatu yang baik dan tidak merugikan pasien atau tidak menimbulkan bahaya bagi pasien. Kebaikan, memerlukan pencegahan dari kesalahan atau kejahatan, penghapusan kesalahan atau kejahatan dan peningkatan kebaikan oleh diri dan orang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Keadilan (</span></strong><em><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Justice</span></b></em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Prinsip keadilan dibutuhkan untuk terapi yang sama dan adil terhadap orang lain yang menjunjung prinsip-prinsip moral, legal dan kemanusiaan. Nilai ini direfleksikan dalam praktek profesional ketika perawat bekerja untuk terapi yang benar sesuai hukum.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tidak merugikan (</span></strong><em><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Nonmaleficience</span></b></em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Prinsip ini berarti tidak menimbulkan bahaya/cedera fisik dan psikologis pada klien. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kejujuran (</span></strong><em><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Veracity</span></b></em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Prinsip <em>veracity</em> berarti penuh dengan kebenaran. Nilai ini diperlukan oleh pemberi pelayanan kesehatan untuk menyampaikan kebenaran pada setiap klien dan untuk meyakinkan bahwa klien sangat mengerti. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Informasi harus ada agar menjadi akurat, komprensensif, dan objektif untuk memfasilitasi pemahaman dan penerimaan materi yang ada, dan mengatakan yang sebenarnya kepada klien tentang segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keadaan dirinya selama menjalani perawatan. Kebenaran merupakan dasar dalam membangun hubungan saling percaya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menepati janji (</span></strong><em><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fidelity</span></b></em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Prinsip <em>fidelity</em> dibutuhkan individu untuk menghargai janji dan komitmennya terhadap orang lain. Perawat setia pada komitmennya dan menepati janji serta menyimpan rahasia klien. Ketaatan, kesetiaan, adalah kewajiban seseorang untuk mempertahankan komitmen yang dibuatnya. Kesetiaan, menggambarkan kepatuhan perawat terhadap kode etik yang menyatakan bahwa tanggung jawab dasar dari perawat adalah untuk meningkatkan kesehatan, mencegah penyakit, memulihkan kesehatan dan meminimalkan penderitaan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kerahasiaan (</span></strong><em><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Confidentiality</span></b></em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Aturan dalam prinsip kerahasiaan adalah informasi tentang klien harus dijaga privasi klien. Segala sesuatu yang terdapat dalam dokumen catatan kesehatan klien hanya boleh dibaca dalam rangka pengobatan klien. Tidak ada seorangpun dapat memperoleh informasi tersebut kecuali jika diijinkan oleh klien dengan bukti persetujuan. Diskusi tentang klien diluar area pelayanan, menyampaikan pada teman atau keluarga tentang klien dengan tenaga kesehatan lain harus dihindari.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Akuntabilitas (</span></strong><em><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Accountability</span></b></em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Akuntabilitas merupakan standar yang pasti bahwa tindakan seorang profesional dapat dinilai dalam situasi yang tidak jelas atau tanpa terkecuali. Dalam hal ini yaitu mempertanggungjawabkan hasil pekerjaan dimana “tindakan” yang dilakukan merupakan satu aturan profesional. Pada tingkat pelaksana sebagai perawat harus memiliki kewenangan dan otonomi (kemandirian) dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk tindakan yang akan mereka lakukan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ETIKA KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Etika keperawatan adalah norma-norma yang dianut oleh perawat dalam bertingkah laku dengan pasien, keluarga, kolega, atau tenaga kesehatan lainnya di suatu pelayanan keperawatan yang bersifat professional. Secara umum tujuan etika keperawataan yaitu menciptakan dan mempertahankan kepercayaan klien kepada perawat, kepercayaan diantara sesama perawat, dan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada profesi keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Hubungan perawat dan pasien dipandang sebagai suatu tanggung jawab dan akuntabilitas terhadap pasien yang pada hakekatnya adalah hubungan memelihara (caring). Perawat harus selalu mempertahankan filosofi keperawatan yang mengandung prinsip-prinsip etik dan moral yang tinggi sebagaimana perilaku memelihara dalam menjalin hubungan dengan pasien dan lingkungannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">CAKUPAN ETIKA KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Etik dalam keperawatan mencakup dua hal penting, yaitu etik dalam hal kemampuan penampilan kerja dan etik dalam hal perilaku manusiawi. Etik yang berkaitan dengan penampilan kerja merupakan respon terhadap tuntutan profesi lain, yang mengharapkan bahwa sesuatu yang dilakukan oleh tenaga keperawatan memenuhi standar pelayanan yang telah ditetapkan oleh keperawatan sendiri, sedangkan etik yang berkaitan dengan perilaku manusiawi merupakan reaksi terhadap tekanan dari luar, yang biasanya adalah individu atau masyarakat yang dilayani. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">KODE ETIK KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kode etik keperawatan merupakan suatu pernyataan komprehensif dari profesi yang memberikan tuntutan bagi anggotanya dalam melaksanakan praktek keperawatan, baik yang berhubungan dengan pasien, keluarga masyarakat, teman sejawat, diri sendiri dan tim kesehatan lain yang berfungsi untuk :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">- <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>memberikan dasar dalam mengatur hubungan antara perawat, pasien, tenaga kesehatan lain, masyarakat dan profesi keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">- <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>memberikan dasar dalam menilai tindakan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>membantu masyarakat untuk mengetahui pedoman dalam melaksanakan praktek keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">- <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan keperawatan dan untuk mengorientasikan lulusan pendidikan keperawatan dalam memasuki praktik keperawatan professional.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Adapun aturan yang berlaku untuk seorang perawat Indonesia dalam melaksanakan tugas/fungsi perawat adalah kode etik perawat nasional Indonesia, dimana seorang perawat selalu berpegang teguh terhadap kode etik sehingga kejadian pelanggaran etik dapat dihindarkan. </span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-67481861915249976822012-05-17T22:35:00.003-07:002012-05-17T22:35:14.521-07:00INFORMED CONSENT<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap orang berhak mendapat hak perawatan kesehatan (the right to health care). Merupakan suatu kewajiban bagi petugas kesehatan untuk memberi pelayanan bagi setiap orang yang membutuhkan.. Masalah yang sering terjadi selama ini adalah minimnya komunikasi antara petugas kesehatan dengan penerima pelayanan, akhirnya ini sering menimbulkan kesalahpahaman. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Informed Consent ( Persetujuan setelah penjelasan ) adalah suatu persetujuan yang diberikan setelah pasien mendapatkan informasi yang akurat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mengenai akan dilakukannya tindakan kedokteran oleh dokter terhadap pasiennya. Persetujuan ini bisa dalam bentuk lisan maupun tertulis. Pada hakikatnya Informed Consent adalah suatu proses komunikasi antara dokter dan pasien tentang kesepakatan tindakan medis yang akan dilakukan dokter terhadap pasien (ada kegiatan penjelasan rinci oleh dokter), sehingga kesepakatan lisan pun sesungguhnya sudah cukup. Penandatanganan formulir Informed Consent secara tertulis hanya merupakan pengukuhan atas apa yang telah disepakati sebelumnya. Formulir ini juga merupakan suatu tanda bukti yang akan disimpan di dalam arsip rekam medis pasien. Hak pasien untuk menentukan nasibnya dapat terpenuhi dengan sempurna apabila pasien telah menerima semua informasi yang ia perlukan sehingga ia dapat mengambil keputusan yang tepat. Kekecualian dapat dibuat apabila informasi yang diberikan dapat menyebabkan guncangan psikis pada pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Informed consent bukan hanya sekadar kertas yang ditandatangani, akan tetapi mengandung makna tanggung jawab moral seorang pemberi pelayanan. Jadi, bukan legal aspek. Walau informed consent telah ditandatangani petugas tetap saja bisa dituntut, tentu saja setelah melalui proses penilaian oleh majelis etik profesi. Sebenarnya kemungkinan tuntutan malpraktik sangat bisa diminimalkan bila para pemberi pelayanan menjelaskan (informed) dengan baik hal-hal tindakan yang akan diambil dan segala kemungkinan risikonya. Penjelasan sebelum suatu tindakan tentang hal yang akan dilakukan dan kemungkinan risiko yang tak dinginkan/komplikasi sangat berguna bila dapat dilakukan dengan baik, sehingga tidak banyak reaksi akan muncul dari pihak keluarga bila benar terjadi risiko atau komplikasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tanggung jawab :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">dokter bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan ketentuan tentang persetujuan tindakan medik</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">persetujuan tindakan medik yang dilaksanakan di rumah sakit, maka rumah sakit ikut bertanggung jawab.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">SAAT UNTUK MEMBERI INFORMASI</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Setelah hubungan dokter pasien terbentuk, dokter berkewajiban memberitahukan pasien mengenai kondisinya; diagnosis, terapi, resiko, alternatif, prognosis dan harapan. Dokter seharusnya tidak mengurangi materi informasi atau memaksa pasien untuk segera memberi keputusan. Informasi yang diberikan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">RUANG LINGKUP PEMBERIAN INFORMASI</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ruang lingkup materi informasi yang diberikan tergantung pada pengetahuan medis pasien pada saat itu. Jika memungkinkan, pasien juga diberitahu mengenai tanggung jawab orang lain yang berperan serta dalam pengobatan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam mempertimbangkan perlu tidaknya mengungkapkan diagnosi penyakit<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang berat, faktor emosional pasien harus dipertimbangkan terutama kemungkinan bahwa pengungkapan tersebut dapat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mengancam pulihnya pasien. Pasien memiliki hak atas informasi tentang kecurigaan dokter akan adanya penyakit tertentu walaupun hasil pemeriksaan yang telah dilakukan inklonkusif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">HAL-HAL YANG PERLU DIINFORMASIKAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hasil Pemeriksaan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pasien memiliki hak untuk mengetahui hasil pemeriksaan yang telah dilakukan. Apabila informasi sudah diberikan maka keputusan selanjutnya berada di tangan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resiko</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Resiko yang mungkin terjadi dalam terapi harus diungkapkan disertai upaya antisipasi yang dilakukan oleh dokter untuk terjadinya hal tersebut. Jika seorang dokter mengetahui bahwa tindakan pengobatannya beresiko dan terdapat alternatif pengobatan lain yang lebih aman, ia harus memberitahukannya pada pasien. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Alternatif</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dokter harus mengungkapkan beberapa alternatif dalam proses diagnosis dan terapi. Ia harus dapat menjelaskan prosedur, manfaat/keberhasilan, bahaya/kerugian serta komplikasi yang mungkin timbul dari pilihan tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rujukan/Konsultasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dokter berkewajiban melakukan rujukan apabila ia menyadari bahwa kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang ia miliki kurang untuk melaksanakan terapi pada pasien-pasien tertentu dan ia mengetahui adanya dokter lain yang dapat menangani pasien lebih baik darinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prognosis</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pasien berhak mengetahui semua prognosis, komplikasi, sekuele, ketidaknyamanan, biaya, kesulitan dan resiko dari setiap pilihan termasuk tidak mendapat pengobatan atau tidak mendapat tindakan apapun. Pasien juga berhak mengetahui apa yang diharapkan dari dan apa yang terjadi dengan mereka.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">BENTUK PERSETUJUAN/PENOLAKAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rumah sakit memiliki tugas untuk menjamin bahwa informed consent sudah didapat. Istilah untuk kelalaian rumah sakit tersebut yaitu “Fraudulent concealment”. Pasien yang akan menjalani operasi mendapat penjelasan dari seorang dokter bedah namun dioperasi oleh dokter lain dapat saja menuntut malpraktik dokter yang tidak mengoperasi karena kurangnya informed consent dan dapat menuntut dokter yang mengoperasi untuk kelanjutannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bentuk persetujuan tidaklah penting namun dapat membantu dalam persidangan bahwa persetujuan diperoleh. Persetujuan tersebut harus berdasarkan semua elemen dari informed consent yang benar yaitu pengetahuan, sukarela dan kompetensi. Beberapa rumah sakit dan dokter telah mengembangkan bentuk persetujuan yang merangkum semua informasi dan juga rekaman permanen, biasanya dalam rekam medis pasien. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Informed Consent adalah dokumen tertulis yang ditanda tangani oleh pasien yang mengizinkan suatu tindakan tertentu pada dirinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Informed Consent mempunyai 5 unsur yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">adanya tindakan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Persetujuan tindakan medis harus memuat jenis operasi yang akan dikerjakan. Jenis operasi ini haruslah dimengerti oleh pasien. Penjelasan ini kalau perlu dilakukan dengan gambar,misalnya operasi usus buntu. Tindakan ini dijelaskan dengan menggambarkan apendinya dan cara operasinya</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">adanya resiko</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap tindakan medik mengandung resiko. Ada resiko yang dapat diduga dan ada juga yang tidak terduga. Resiko ini harus dijelaskan kepada pasien. Untuk resiko yang dapat diduga harus diberitahu pula cara pengamanannya. Resiko yang tidak terduga harus diberitahukan dengan bijaksana dan bukan menakuti. Maksudnya jangan sampai pasien tidak menyetujui operasi karena suatu resiko yang sangat kecil. Misalnnya: “Wah kalau operasi ini bisa hilang suara.” </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">adanya tujuan yang ingin dicapai</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Setiap tindakan, operasi atau tidak, mempunyai alasan, tujuan, keuntungan dan kerugian. Untuk operasi usus buntu : alasannya adalah untuk membuang sumber infeksi. Tujuannya adalah sembuh; atau tidak ada lagi keluhan sakit perut. Keuntungannya adalah resiko operasi yang sangat kecil. Kerugian bila tidak dioperasi, usus buntu itu akan pecah atau menahun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">adanya batasan hukum yang etik</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Batasan hukum dan etik perlu diinformasikan pada pasien. Aborsi tanpa alasan yang kuat dilarang di Indonesia. Demikian juga dengan euthanasia. Hal-hal yang menyangkut operasi perubahan identitas, Perlu mendapat informasi yang sempurna</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">adanya opsi pilihan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Opsi lain perlu diinformasikan juga. Dalam hal usus buntu memang tidak ada opsi lain selain operasi. Berbeda dengan batu ginjal yang masih mungkin “ditembak” . Opsi yang juga harus ditawarkan adalah pendapat banding atau dokter lain </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">TUJUAN INFORMED CONSENT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Melindungi hak klien/pasien untuk membuat keputusan yang otonom</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Agar pasien mendapat informasi yang cukup untuk dapat mengambil keputusan atas terapi yang akan dilaksanakan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">untuk regulasi/ memberikan kesempatan peran aktif pasien dalam pengambilan keputusan medis.</span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;">Melindungi pengguna jasa tindakan medis (pasien) secara hukum dari segala tindakan medis yang dilakukan tanpa sepengetahuannya, maupun tindakan pelaksana jasa tindakan medis yang sewenang-wenang, tindakan malpraktek yang bertentangan dengan hak asasi pasien dan standar profesi medis, serta penyalahgunaan alat canggih yang memerlukan biaya tinggi atau “over utilization” yang sebenarnya tidak perlu dan tidak ada alasan medisnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black;">Memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap pelaksana tindakan medis dari tuntutan-tuntutan pihak pasien yang tidak wajar, serta akibat tindakan medis yang tak terduga dan bersifat negative</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">KEMAMPUAN MEMBERI PERIJINAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Jadi sesungguhnya yang terutama dokter wajib memberikan informasi dan minta persetujuan kepada pasiennya. Kalau pasiennya tidak bisa berkomunikasi baru persetujuan dimintakan kepada salah satu keluarga terdekat. Akan tetapi di Indonesia, sesuai dengan adat kebudayaan kita, ternyata dokter juga dituntut memiliki kewajiban moril untuk memberi informasi kepada keluarga pasien, karena hal ini merupakan bentuk kepedulian pasien tersebut. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Idealnya dokter memberikan penjelasan kepada keluarga pasien sekali saja sebelum tindakan medis dilaksanakan, seyogyanya seluruh keluarga dekat pasien sudah mendengarkan penjelasan dari dokter tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada juga situasi di mana pasien dirawat lama dan masih dalam kondisi kritis. Pada keadaan seperti ini sukar mengumpulkan seluruh keluarga setiap hari, maka sebaiknya ditunjuk oleh keluarga seseorang wakil yang selalu hadir menerima berbagai penjelasan-penjelasan dari hari ke hari tentang kemajuan pasien, tentang pemeriksaan, tentang obat, dsb. Wakil ini kemungkinan meneruskan kepada keluarga, dan ybs menjadi penghubung keluarga dan dokter / rumah sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">UU Praktik Kedokteran </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .05pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam Undang-Undang Republika Indonesia Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran, telah diatur tentang Informed Consent ini pada Pasal 45 tentang “Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran atau Kedokteran Gigi” yang isinya antara lain: </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.45pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ayat 1:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Setiap tindakan kedokteran atau kedokteran gigi yang akan dilakukan oleh dokter atau dokter gigi terhadap pasien harus mendapat persetujuan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ayat 2:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Persetujuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diberikan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>setelah pasien mendapat penjelasan secara lengkap. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ayat 3:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Penjelasan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) sekurang-kurangnya mencakup: diagnosis dan tata cara tindakan medis, tujuan tindakan medis yang dilakukan, alternatif tindakan lain dan resikonya, risikonya dan komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi, dan prognosis terhadap tindakan yang dilakukan </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ayat 4:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Persetujuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dapat diberikan baik secara tertulis maupun lisan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ayat 5:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Setiap tindakan kedokteran yang mengandung risiko tinggi harus diberikan dengan persetujuan tertulis yang ditandatangani oleh yang berhak memberikan persetujuan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam penjelasan atas UU Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tersebut disebutkan bahwa pada prinsipnya yang berhak memberikan persetujuan atau penolakan tindakan medis adalah pasien yang bersangkutan. Namun, apabila pasien yang bersangkutan berada di bawah pengampuan, persetujuan atau penolakan tindakan medis dapat diberikan oleh keluarga terdekat antara lain suami/istri/ibu kandung, anak kandung atau saudara kandung.</span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-73143486820137560722012-05-17T22:33:00.000-07:002012-05-17T22:33:35.066-07:00DINAMIKA KELOMPOK<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENGERTIAN DINAMIKA KELOMPOK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dinamika kelompok berasal dari kata <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dinamika</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>dan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kelompok</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</i> </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dinamika</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> berati interaksi atau interdependensi antara kelompok satu dengan yang lain. Keadaan ini dapat terjadi karena selama ada kelompok, semangat kelompok terus-menerus ada dalam kelompok itu, oleh karena itu kelompok tersebut bersifat dinamis (berubah-ubah). </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelompok</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> adalah kumpulan individu yang merupakan kesatuan sosial<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang saling berinteraksi dan mempunyai tujuan bersama. Interaksi antar anggota kelompok dapat menimbulkan kerja sama apabila masing-masing anggota kelompok :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengerti akan tujuan yang dibebankan di dalam kelompok tersebut</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adanya saling menghormati dan menghargai di antara anggotanya</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adanya saling keterbukaan, toleransi di antara anggotanya..</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Maka <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dinamika Kelompok </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>merupakan suatu kelompok yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih individu yang memiliki hubungan psikologis secara jelas antara anggota satu dengan yang lain dan berlangsung dalam situasi yang dialami secara bersama. Dinamika kelompok juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai konsep yang menggambarkan proses kelompok yang selalu bergerak, berkembang dan dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan keadaan yang selalu berubah-ubah. Dinamika kelompok bertujuan, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Membangkitkan kepekaan diri seorang anggota kelompok terhadap anggota kelompok lain, sehingga menimbulkan rasa saling menghargai.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menimbulkan rasa solidaritas anggota sehingga dapat saling menghormati dan saling menghargai pendapat orang lain</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menciptakan komunikasi dan adanya itikad yang baik yang terbuka diantara sesama anggota kelompok</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Proses dinamika kelompok mulai dari individu sebagai pribadi yang masuk ke dalam kelompok dengan latar belakang yang berbeda-beda, belum mengenal antar individu. Individu yang bersangkutan akan berusaha mengenal individu yang lain. Setelah saling mengenal, dimulailah berbagai diskusi kelompok, yang bisa sampai memanas. Hal ini akan membawa perubahan pada sikap dan perilaku individu sehingga dalam setiap kelompok harus ada aturan main yang disepakati bersama oleh semua anggota kelompok dan pengatur perilaku semua<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>anggota kelompok. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">FUNGSI DINAMIKA KELOMPOK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.1pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dinamika kelompok merupakan kebutuhan bagi setiap individu yang hidup dalam sebuah kelompok. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Fungsi dari dinamika kelompok itu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Membentuk kerjasama saling menguntungkan dalam mengatasi persoalan hidup. (Bagaimanapun manusia tidak bisa hidup sendiri tanpa bantuan orang lain).</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Memudahkan segala pekerjaan. (Banyak pekerjaan yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan tanpa bantuan orang lain).</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengatasi pekerjaan yang membutuhkan pemecahan masalah dan mengurangi beban pekerjaan yang terlalu besar sehingga seleseai lebih cepat, efektif dan efesian. (pekerjaan besar dibagi-bagi sesuai bagian kelompoknya masing-masing sesuai keahlian).</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menciptakan iklim demokratis dalam kehidupan masyarakat (setiap individu bisa memberikan masukan dan berinteraksi dan memiliki peran yang sama dalam masyarakat). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">JENIS KELOMPOK SOSIAL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kelompok sosial adalah kesatuan sosial yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih individu yang mengadakan interaksi sosial agar ada pembagian tugas, struktur dan norma yang ada. Kelompok sosial dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa, antara lain:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kelompok Primer</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Merupakan kelompok yang didalamnya terjadi interaksi sosial yang anggotanya saling mengenal dekat dan berhubungan erat dalam kehidupan. Misalnya<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>: keluarga, rukun tetangga, kelompok kawan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kelompok Sekunder</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jika interaksi sosial terjadi secara tidak langsung, berjauhan, dan sifatnya kurang kekeluargaan. Hubungan yang terjadi biasanya bersifat lebih objektiv. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Misalnya: partai politik, perhimpunan serikat kerja dll.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kelompok Formal</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pada kelompok ini ditandai dengan adanya peraturan atau Anggaran Dasar (AD), Anggaran Rumah Tangga (ART). Anggotanya diangkat oleh organisasi. Misalnya perkumpulan yang memiliki AD/ART. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kelompok Informal</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Merupakan suatu kelompok yang tumbuh dari proses interaksi, daya tarik, dan kebutuhan seseorang. Keanggotan kelompok biasanya tidak teratur dan ditentukan oleh daya tarik bersama dari individu dan kelompok. Terjadi pembagian tugas yang jelas tapi bersifat informal dan berdasarkan kekeluargaan dan simpati. Misalnya kelompok arisan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Secara umum, Baron dan Byrne mengungkapakan bahwa sebuah kelompok harus memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Interaksi, anggota-anggota seharusnya berinteraksi satu sama lain</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Interdependen, apa yang terjadi pada seorang anggota akan mempengaruhi perilaku anggota lain</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Stabil, hubungan paling tidak ada lamanya waktu yang berarti </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tujuan yang dibagi, beberapa tujuan bersifat umum bagi semua anggota</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Struktur, Fungsi tiap anggota harus memiliki beberapa macam struktur sehingga mereka memiliki setiap peran</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Persepsi, anggota harus merasakan diri mereka sebagai bagian dari kelompok. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">CIRI KELOMPOK SOSIAL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Suatu kelompok bisa dinamakan kelompok sosial bila memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Memiliki motif yang sama antara individu satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Terdapat akibat-akibat interaksi yang berlainan antara individu satu dengan yang lain</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Adanya penugasan dan pembentukan struktur atau organisasi kelompok yang jelas dan terdiri dari peranan serta kedudukan masing-masing</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Adanya peneguhan norma pedoman tingkah laku anggota kelompok yang mengatur interaksi dalam kegiatan anggota kelompok untuk mencapai tujuan bersama.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Berlangsungnya suatu kepentingan serta adanya pergerakan yang dinamik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">PEMBENTUKAN KELOMPOK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pembentukan kelompok dapat diawali dengan adanya persepsi, perasaan atau motivasi, dan tujuan yang sama dalam memanuhi kebutuhannya. Setelah itu akan timbul motivasi untuk memenuhinya, sehingga ditentukanlah tujuan yang sama dan akhirnya interaksi yang terjadi akan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>membentuk sebuah kelompok.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pembentukan kelompok dilakukan dengan menentukan kedudukan masing-masing anggota (siapa yang menjadi ketua atau anggota). Interaksi yang terjadi suatu saat akan memunculkan perbedaan antara individu satu dengan lainnya sehingga timbul perpecahan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perpecahan yang terjadi bisanya bersifat sementara karena kesadaran arti pentingnya kelompok tersebut, sehingga anggota kelompok berusaha menyesuaikan diri demi kepentingan bersama. Akhirnya setelah terjadi penyesuaian, perubahan dalam kelompok mudah terjadi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Langkah proses pembentukan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tim</b> diawali dengan pembentukan kelompok, dalam proses selanjutnya didasarkan adanya hal-hal berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Persepsi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pembagian kelompok didasarkan pada tingkat kemampuan intelegensi yang dilihat dari pencapaian akademis. Misalnya terdapat satu atau lebih punya kemampuan intelektual. Dengan demikian diharapkan anggota yang memiliki kelebihan tertentu bisa menginduksi anggota<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Motivasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pembagian kekuatan yang berimbang akan memotivasi anggota kelompok untuk berkompetisi secara sehat dalam mencapai tujuan kelompok. Perbedaan kemampuan yang ada pada setiap kelompok akan memicu kompetisi internal secara sehat. sehingga memicu anggota lain melalui transfer ilmu pengetahuan untuk memotivasi diri untuk maju.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tujuan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Terbentuknya kelompok karena memiliki tujuan untuk dapat menyelesaikan tugas-tugas kelompok atau individu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Organisasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pengorganisasian dilakukan untuk mempermudah koordinasi dan proses kegiatan kelompok. Dengan demikian masalah kelompok dapat diselesaikan secara lebih efesien dan efektif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Independensi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kebebasan merupakan hal penting dalam dinamika kelompok. Kebebasan disini merupakan kebebasan setiap anggota untuk menyampaikan ide, pendapat, serta ekspresi selama kegiatan. Namun demikian tetap berada dalam tata aturan<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>yang disepakati kelompok.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Interaksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Interaksi merupakan syarat utama dalam dinamika kelompok, karena dengan interaksi akan ada proses transfer ilmu dapat berjalan secara horizontal yang didasarkan atas kebutuhan akan informasi tentang pengetahuan tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN KELOMPOK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Terbentuknya kelompok karena adanya persamaan dalam kebutuhan akan berkelompok,dimana individu memiliki potensi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dan setiap individu memiliki keterbatasan, sehingga individu akan meminta atau membutuhkan bantuan individu yang lain untuk mengatasinya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Indikator yang dijadikan pedoman untuk mengukur tingkat perkembangan kelompok adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Adaptasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Proses adaptasi berjalan dengan baik bila:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Setiap individu terbuka untuk memberi dan menerima informasi yang baru</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Setiap kelompok selalu terbuka untuk menerima peran baru sesuai dengan dinamika kelompok tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Setiap anggota memiliki kelenturan untuk menerima ide, pandangan, norma dan kepercayaan anggota lain tanpa merasa integritasnya terganggu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pencapaian tujuan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dalam hal ini setiap anggota mampu untuk:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">menunda kepuasan dan melepaskan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ikatan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan bersama</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">membina dan memperluas pola</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">terlibat secara emosional untuk mengungkapkan pengalaman, pengetahuan dan kemampuannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Selain hal diatas, perkembangan kelompok dapat ditunjang oleh bagaimana komunikasi yang terjadi dalam kelompok. Dengan demikian<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">perkembangan kelompok</i></b> dapat dibagi menjadi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">tiga tahap</b>, antara lain</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tahap pra afiliasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Merupakan tahap permulaan, diawali dengan adanya perkenalan semua individu akan saling <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mengenal satu sama lain</i>. Kemudian hubungan berkembang menjadi kelompok yang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sangat akrab</i> dengan saling <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mengenal sifat dan nilai</i> masing-masing anggota.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tahap fungsional</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ditandai dengan adanya perasaan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">senang</i> antara satu dengan yang lain, tercipta <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">homogenitas, kecocokan</i>, dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kekompakan</i> dalam kelompok. Pada akhirnya akan terjadi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pembagian dalam menjalankan fungsi kelompok</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tahap disolusi</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tahap ini terjadi apabila keanggotaan kelopok sudah mempunyai rasa tidak membutuhkan lagi dalam kelompok. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tidak </i>ada kekompakan maupun <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">keharmonisan</i> yang akhirnya diikuti dengan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pembubaran </i>kelompok.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">KEUNGGULAN DAN KELEMAHAN DALAM KELOMPOK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Dalam proses dinamika kelompok terdapat faktor yang menghambat maupun memperlancar proses tersebut yang dapat berupa kelebihan maupun kekurangan dalam kelompok tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kelebihan Kelompok</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Keterbukaan antar anggota kelompok untuk memberi dan menerima informasi & pendapat anggota yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kemauan anggota kelompok untuk mendahulukan kepentingan kelompoknya dengan menekan kepentingan pribadi demi tercapainya tujuan kelompok</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kemampuan secara emosional dalam mengungkapkan kaidah dan norma yang telah disepakati kelompok</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pengetahuan dan kemampuan tanpa meninggalkan kaidah dan norma yang telah disepakati kelompok.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kekurangan Kelompok</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kelemahan pada kelompok bisa disebabkan karena waktu penugasan, tempat atau jarak anggota kelompok yang berjauhan yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas pertemuan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">PENTINGNYA DINAMIKA KELOMPOK DALAM KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Profesi Keperawatan merupakan bagian dari profesi kesehatan yang anggotanya terdiri atas perawat dalam satu ikatan profesi yang dengan tujuan dan kepentingan yang sama dalam bidang keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Profesi keperawatan terbentuk dari adanya suatu kelompok perawat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang memiliki tradisi, norma, prosedur dan aktivitas yang sama.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Setiap anggota saling tergantung satu dengan yang lain karena saling membutuhkan bantuan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Dapat melihat adanya persepsi yang berbeda di antara anggota kelompok yang akhirnya persepsi tersebut dapat diterima sebagai norma kelompok</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Mempermudah dalam pengambilan keputusan dalam mencapai tujuan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Setiap anggota profesi memiliki ciri-ciri yang berbeda dan dapat dibagi dalam beberapa kelompok, yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Anggota Psikologis</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Secara psikologis memiliki minat berpartisipasi dalam kelompok norma</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Anggota Marginal</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Kelompok menerima baik keanggotaannya tetapi bersikap menjauh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atau tidak ingin terlalu terlibat dalam kelompoknya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Anggota Pemberontak</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Anggota kelompok yang bersikap menentang dan tidak bersedia menerima norma yang ada.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Komunikasi kelompok adalah komunikasi antara seseorang dengan sekelompok orang dalam situasi tatap muka, dan mulai sering muncul dengan istilah alternatif dari diskusi dan hanya memusatkan perhatiannya pada proses komunikasi pada kelompok kecil, sedang dinamika kelompok memusatkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perhatiannya pada tingkah laku kelompok. Akan tetapi komunikasi kelompok memandang proses diskusi kelompok kecil dari sudut pandang yang lebih ”ilmiah”, artinya lebih sebagai bidang ilmu penyelidikan dan agak kurang sebagai bidang pengembangan keterampilan dan penyempurnaan kelompok. </span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-90744770874593541582012-05-17T22:27:00.000-07:002012-05-17T22:27:03.804-07:00PENGKAJIAN FISIK SECARA HEAD TO TOE DAN PENGKAJIAN FISIK SECARA SISTEM TUBUH<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><strong>Head to toe (kepala ke kaki)</strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pendekatan ini dilakukan mulai dari kepala dan secara berurutan sampai ke kaki. Mulai dari :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Keadaan umum</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Penampilan, posisi saat dikaji, postur tubuh, ekspresi wajah, serta bahasa tubuh.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kulit</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Kulit merupakan cermin dari kesehatan seseorang secara menyeluruh dan perubahan yang terjadi pada kulit umumnya berhubungan dengan penyakit.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Tampilan umum kulit dikaji dengan mengamati :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Warna,suhu, kelembaban, kekeringan ,tekstur kulit (kasar atau halus)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lesi,vaskularisasi.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kondisi rambut serta kuku.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Turgor kulit,edema.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Warna kulit dikaji dengan mengamati warna gading,cokelat</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kulit yang terluka dikawasan yang beriklim panas dan banyak cahaya matahari cenderung lebih berpigmen dari tubuh lainnya</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Efek vasodilatasi yang ditimbulkan oleh demam,sengatan matahari dan inflamsi akan terjadi perubahan kemerah-merahan pada kulit.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kurangnya vascularisasi kulit ,terlihat jelas pada daerah conyunctiva.<br />
Kebiru-biruan pada siaanosis menunjukan hypoksia seluler dan mudah terlihat pada ektermitas,dasar kuku bibir serta membrand mucosa</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kulit yang menguning berhubungan langsung dengan kenaikan kadar bilirubin serum.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengkaji pasien dengan kulit gelap.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Gradasi warna yang terjadi pada yang berkulit gelap ditentukan :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perubahan warna. </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengkaji lesi kulit.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 77.95pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Untuk menentukan besarnya diameter/lebarnya lesi bisa diukur dengan Penggaris dan perkembangannya kita monitor terus. Setelah distribusi lesi ditentukan informasi berikutnya harus diperoleh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dan dijelaskan secara rinci : Bagaimana warna lesi tersebut ?</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level3 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengkaji vaskularisasi dan hydrasi </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Rambut</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Dilaksanakan secara inspeksi dan palpasi.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Penerangan ruangan harus cukup baik .</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Memakai sarung tangan.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Yang mencatat tentang :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>warna,tekstur dan distribusinya.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Warna dan tekstur.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Warna rambut perlu dilihat tentang :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 120.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Warna bisa hitam atau putih atau kelabu ketika seorang menjadi tua, tetapi ada juga yg beruban pada usia muda karena factor herediter.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 120.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>tidak adanya pigmentasi secara partial atau total terjadi uban sejak lahir karena mempunyai factor genetik.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tekstur rambut perlu dilihat tentang :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 134.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Rambut yang tumbuh diseluruh tubuh memiliki tektur yg halus. kecuali pada daerah axial dan pubis.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 134.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Rambut tebal berombak, kering dan mudah patah, rambut berminyak, rambut yang mudah patah, dan kering, pemakaian produk rambut komersial akibat pewarna rambut yang berlebihan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Distribusi.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Laki-laki cenderung memiliki rambut pada wajah dan badan ketimbang wanita </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 106.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>kerontokan rambut allopesia bisa terjadi akibat kebiasaan ; mencabut rambut, pemakaian pewarna, minyak rambut,, infeksie jamur, dan penyakit kanker pada kulit kepala.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Perubahan lain.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 92.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Hirtsutisme (peningkatan rambut tubuh) dapat terlihat pada wanita pada saat wanita mulai menfause.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kuku</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Paronokia,inflamasi pada kulit sekitar kuku,disertai nyeri tekan, dan erythema.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Clubbing finger, jari tabuh yaitu pelurusan sudut yang normal menjadi 180 derajat.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pelunakan pada pangkal kuku(seperti spons apabila dipalpasi).</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Tanda-tanda vital</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>suhu, nadi, pernapasan dan tekanan darah</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Posisi ( duduk, berdiri, berbaring)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kepala</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Bentuk, kesimetrisan, nervus V & VII, keadaan rambut, kondisi kulit kepala, massa, dan nyeri tekan. </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Mata</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan mata merupakan komponen yang sangat penting pada pemeriksaan fisik, tidak hanya karena kesehatan mata sangat penting bagi kesehatan pasien secara keseluruhan tetapi juga karena keadaan mata dapat mencerminkan keadaan kesehatan secara umum. Retina yang dapat dilihat dengan oftalmoskop adalah satu-satunya tempat pada tubuh manusia dimana dasar pembuluh darahnya dapat diperiksa secara langsung. Pupil adalah jendela ke mikrosirkulasi manusia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pengkajian ketajaman penglihatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Mata memberikan stimuli visual ke korteks oksipital. Tajam penglihatan sangat penting untuk diuji. Karena merupakan fungsi mata yang terpenting. Harus dilakukan paling awal sehingga penglihatan sudah dapat dikaji sebelum kita benar-benar menyentuh mata.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pengkajian gerakan mata</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Otot ekstraokuler adalah enam otot kecil yang melekat pada tiap mata yang menggerakkan bola mata. Diinervasi oleh tiga saraf otak (SO III, IV, dan VI). Aksi sinergis (sesuai) otot ekstraokuler kedua mata menghasilkan gerakan paralel. Mekanisme bagaimana cara kerjanya sangat kompleks, dan analisis abnormalitasnya memerlukan konsultasi dengan dokter.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pengkajian lapang pandang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 85.05pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Bersamaan dengan ketajaman penglihatan, lapang pandang juga harus dikaji. Kebanyakan, manusia mempunyai lapang pandang bulat, termasuk bintik buta dimana saraf optik memasuki mata dan dimana tidak terdapat sel retina fotosensitif. Meskipun lapang pandang dapat dikaji dengan cepat oleh oftalmologis, estimasi kasar dapat dibuat di kantor atau di tempat tidur pasien ketika pemeriksa memperhatikan adanya gangguan umum lapang pandang, misalnya pada pasien dengan cedera serebrovaskuler (stroke) atau glaukoma. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan mata</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Teknik yang biasanya dipergunakan dalam pemeriksaan oftalmologis adalah inspeksi dan palpasi. Inspeksi visual dilakukan dengan instrumen oftalmik khusus dan sumber cahaya. Palpasi bisa dilakukan untuk mengkaji nyeri tekan mata dan deformitas dan untuk mengeluarkan cairan dari puncta. Palpasi juga dilakukan untuk mendeteksi secara kasar (jelas terlihat) tingkat tekanan intraokuler.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Seperti pada semua pemeriksaan fisik, perawat menggunakan pendekatan sistematis, biasanya dari luar ke dalam. Struktur eksternal mata dan bola mata dievaluasi lebih dahulu; kemudian diperiksa struktur internal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 99.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo19; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan fisik mata</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 99.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Struktur eksternal mata diperiksa terutama dengan inspeksi. Struktur ini meliputi alis, kelopak mata, bulu mata, aparatus lakrimalis, konjungtiva, kornea, kamera anterior, iris, dan pupil.</span></div><h6 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 113.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: #243f60; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #243f60; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelopak mata</span></h6><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 113.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Posisi kelopak mata dikaji dalam hubungannya dengan bola mata. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Posisi kelopak dan simetri merupakan bagian sangat penting pada pemeriksaan saraf otak (SO). </span></div><h6 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 113.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: #243f60; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="color: #243f60; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bulu mata</span></h6><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 113.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Perawat kemudian harus memeriksa bulu mata untuk posisi dan distribusinya. Biasanya selain berfungsi sebagai pelindung mereka juga dapat menjadi iritan bagi mata bila menjadi panjang dan salah arah. Bulu mata yang panjang dan tak teratur dapat mengakibatkan iritasi kornea. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sistem lakrimal</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Struktur dan fungsi pembentukan dan drainase air mata harus dikaji. Sistem lakrimal tersusun atas bagian sekresi dan drainase. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan mata anterior</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sklera dan konjungtiva bulbaris diinspeksi secara bersama. Kelopak dilebarkan dibuka dengan meletakkan telunjuk pada kelopak mata atas pasien dan ibu jari pada bagian bawah agar terhindar dari trauma jaringan lunak. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan kornea</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Biasanya lampu slit digunakan untuk memeriksa kornea secara cermat; namun, perawat dapat melakukan observasi berbagai keadaan menggunakan lampu senter kecil. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan iris dan kamera anterior</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sementara memeriksa kornea, humor aqueus di kamera anterior dikaji mengenai kejernihannya. Pada keadaan tertentu, terdapatnya sel dan pengkabutan (flare) dalam humor aqueus dapat terlihat. Pengkabutan ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan bahan seperti protein akibat inflamasi di dalam kamera anterior. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan pupil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 113.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pupil adalah lubang di tengah iris. Ketika kita memeriksa pupil, kita mengkaji reaksi terhadap cahaya dan pandangan dekat dengan konvergensi, misalnya untuk mengevaluasi gangguan sistem saraf pusat (SSP) atau pada tekanan intrakranial. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan lensa kristalina</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Tentu saja kita tak dapat melihat lensa, meskipun melalui pandangan menyudut ke dalam pupil yang dilatasi, kita hanya dapat melihat pantulan ringan kapsul anterior. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.85pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemeriksaan segmen posterior</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 113.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Karena struktur posterior terletak di belakang struktur anterior yang dapat terlihat, maka tidak dapat dilihat dengan observasi tradisional. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Telinga</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pengkajian kemampuan mendengar</span></strong><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>otoskop dan palpasi tak langsung dengan menggunakan otoskop pneumatic.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pemeriksaan Telinga<span style="color: #ff6600;"> </span></b></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Telinga luar diperiksa dengan inspeksi dan palpasi langsung sementara membrana timpani diinspeksi, seperti telinga tengah dengan :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Pengkajian Fisik</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Inspeksi telinga luar merupakan prosedur yang paling sederhana tapi sering terlewat. Aurikulus dan jaringan sekitarnya diinspeksi adanya:</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>deformitas, lesi,</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>cairan begitu pula ukuran,</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>simetris dan sudut penempelan ke kepala.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Hidung</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bentuk, sekat hidung, kongesti, pengeluaran, polip, kepatenan, saluran udara, nyeri tekan sinos, transiluminasi, selaput lender.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Mulut dan Tenggorokan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bibir : warna, sianosis, keilosis, bibir pecah, pigmentasi</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Gigi-geligi : jumlah, karies, gigi palsu</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Selaput lender dan gusi : kepucatan, ulserasi,pigmentasi,lesi-lesi,penyakit periodontal </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lidah : warna,atrofil,penyimpangan (deurasi),tremor,ulserasi</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pharynx : tonsil,epiglottis,penggerakan panatum</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Leher</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pembuluh darah : bendungan vena,denyutan karotis,denyutan abnormal,parut luka,burit</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Trakea : posisi,pergerakan dan tarikan trakea</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">l)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah dada</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Simetris : massa, jaringan parut, putting susu, sekresi, pigmentasi, nyeri tekan, pencekungan (duplin), retraksi, fiksasi benjolan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">m)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Abdomen</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bentuk</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kulit</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bunyi peristaltik</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">n)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Ginjal</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perkusi Ginjal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Palpasi Ginjal</span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><strong><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><strong>ROS (Review of System / sistem tubuh)</strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pengkajian yang dilakukan mencakup seluruh sistem tubuh . Informasi yang didapat membantu perawat untuk menentukan sistem tubuh mana yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus, yaitu :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Tanda-tanda vital :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>suhu,nadi,pernapasan dan tekanan darah</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Sistem Respirasi (Pernafasan)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji keadaan umum dan pemenuhan kebutuhan respirasi</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji respiratory rate, irama dan kualitasnya</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Inspeksi fungsi otot bantu napas, ukuran rongga dada, termasuk diameter anterior dan posterior thorax, dan adanya gangguan spinal</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Palpasi posisi trakea dan adanya subkutan emphysema</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Auskultasi seluruh area paru dan kaji suara paru normal (vesikular, bronkovesikular, atau bronkial) dan kaji juga adanya bunyi paru patologis (wheezing, cracles atau ronkhi)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya keluhan batuk, durasi, frekuensi dan adanya sputum/dahak, cek warna, konsistensi dan jumlahnya dan apakah disertai darah</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya keluhan SOB (shortness of breath)/sesak napas, dyspnea dan orthopnea.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Inspeksi membran mukosa dan warna kulit</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Tentukan posisi yang tepat dan nyaman untuk meningkatkan fungsi pernapasan pasien</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji apakah klien memiliki riwayat merokok (jumlah per hari) dan berapa lama telah merokok</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji catatan obat terkait dengan sistem pernapasan dan test diagnostic.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Sistem Kardiovaskuler</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Pengkajian fisik jantung</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pemeriksaan fisik meliputi pemeriksaan fisik umum dan khusus pada jantung. Sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan fisik khusus pada jantung, maka penting terlebih dahulu melihat pasien secara keseluruhan/keadaan umum termasuk mengukur tekanan darah, denyut nadi, suhu badan dan frekuensi pernafasan.<br />
Keadaan umum secara keseluruhan yang perlu dilihat adalah : Bentuk tubuh gemuk/kurus, anemis, sianosis, sesak nafas,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>keringat dingin, muka sembab, oedem kelopak mata, asites,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bengkak tungkai/pergelangan kaki, clubbing ujung jari-jari tangan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pada pasien khususnya penyakit jantung amat penting melakukan pemeriksaan nadi adalah :Kecepatan/menit, kuat/lemah (besar/kecil), teratur atau tidak, isi setiap denyut sama kuat atau tidak.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Inspeksi</b></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Lihat dan perhatikan impuls dari iktus kordis, mudah terlihat pada pasien yang kurus dan tidak terlihat pada pasien yang gemuk atau emfisema pulmonum. Yang perlu diperhatikan adalah Titik Impuls Maksimum (Point of Maximum Impulse). Normalnya berada pada ruang intercostals V pada garis midklavikular kiri. Apabila impuls maksimum ini bergeser ke kiri berarti ada pembesaran jantung kiri atau jantung terdorong atau tertarik kekiri. </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Palpasi</b></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Palpasi dapat mengetahui dan mengenal ukuran jantung dan denyut jantung. Point of Maximum Impuls dipalpasi untuk mengetahui getaran yang terjadi ketika darah mengalir melalui katup yang menyempit atau mengalami gangguan.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Perkusi</b></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Dengan posisi pasien tetap berbaring/terlentang kita lakukan pemeriksaan perkusi. Tujuannya adalah untuk menentukan batas jantung (batas atas kanan kiri). Teknik perkusi menuntut penguasaan teknik dan pengalaman, diperlukan keterampilan khusus. Pemeriksa harus mengetahui tentang apa yang disebut sonor, redup dan timpani.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Auskultasi</b></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pemeriksaan auskultasi untuk menentukan denyut jantung, irama jantung, bunyi jantung, murmur dan gesekan (rub). Bunyi jantung perlu dinilai kualitas dan frekuensinya. Bunyi jantung merupakan refleksi dari membuka dan menutupnya katup dan terdengar di titik spesifik dari dinding dada.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bunyi jantung I (S1) dihasilkan oleh penutupan katup atrioventrikuler (mitral dan trikuspidalis).</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bunyi jantung II (S2) disebabkan oleh penutupan katup semilunar (aorta dan pulmonal).</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bunyi jantung III (S3) merupakan pantulan vibrasi ventrikuler dihasilkan oleh pengisian ventrikel ketika diastole dan mengikuti S2.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bunyi jantung IV (S4) disebabkan oleh tahanan untuk mengisi ventrikel pada diastole yang lambat karena meningkatnya tekanan diastole ventrikel atau lemahnya penggelembungan ventrikel.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Pembuluh darah inspeksi</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pada pemeriksaan ini untuk mengobservasi warna, ukuran dan sirkulasi perifer.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 77.95pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Palpasi</b></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Untuk mengetahui suhu, edema dan denyutan. Pemeriksa dapat menekan tempat tersebut dengan ketentuan :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">+ 1 = cekung sedikit yang cepat hilang.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">+ 2 = cekung menghilang dalam waktu 10-15 detik.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">+ 3 = cekung dalam yang menghilang dalam waktu 1-2 menit.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">+ 4 = bebas cekungan hilang dalam waktu 5 menit atau lebih.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Auskultasi<br />
</b>Pada pemeriksaan ini dapat digunakan untuk mendengar bunyi arteri.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Sistem Persyarafan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji LOC (level of consiousness) atau tingkat kesadaran : dengan melakukan pertanyaan tentang kesadaran pasien terhadap waktu, tempat dan orang </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji status mental </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji tingkat kenyamanan, adanya nyeri dan termasuk lokasi, durasi, tipe dan pengobatannya. </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji fungsi sensoris dan tentukan apakah normal atau mengalami gangguan. Kaji adanya hilang rasa, rasa terbakar/panas dan baal. </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji fungsi motorik seperti : genggaman tangan, kekuatan otot, pergerakan dan postur. </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya kejang atau tremor </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b>Kaji catatan penggunaan obat dan diagnostik tes yang mempengaruhi SSP.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Sistem Perkemihan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji kebiasaan pola BAK, output/jumlah urine 24 jam, warna, kekeruhan dan ada/tidaknya sedimen</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji keluhan gangguan frekuensi BAK, adanya dysuria dan hematuria, serta riwayat infeksi saluran kemih</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Palpasi adanya distesi bladder (kandung kemih)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Inspeksi penggunaan condom catheter, folleys catheter, silikon kateter atau urostomy atau supra pubik kateter</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji kembali riwayat pengobatan dan pengkajian diagnostik yang terkait dengan sistem perkemihan.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Sistem Pencernaan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Inspeksi keadaan umum abdomen : ukuran, kontur, warna kulit dan pola pembuluh vena (venous pattern)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Auskultasi abdomen untuk mendengarkan bising usus</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Palpasi abdomen untuk menentukan : lemah, keras atau distensi, adanya nyeri tekan, adanya massa atau asites</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya nausea dan vomitus</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji tipe diet, jumlah, pembatasan diet dan toleransi terhadap diet</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya perubahan selera makan, dan kemampuan klien untuk menelan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya perubahan berat badan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji pola eliminasi : BAB dan adanya flatus</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Inspeksi adanya ileostomy atau kolostomi, yang nantinya dikaitkan dengan fungsi (permanen atau temporal), kondisi stoma dan kulit disekitarnya, dan kesediaan alat</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji kembali obat dan pengkajian diagnostik yang pasien miliki terkait sistem GI</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Sistem Musculoskeletal</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya nyeri otot, kram atau spasme</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya kekakuan sendi dan nyeri sendi</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji pergerakan ekstremitas tangan dan kaki, ROM (range of motion), kekuatan otot</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji kemampuan pasien duduk, berjalan, berdiri, cek postur tubuh</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya tanda-tanda fraktur atau dislokasi</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji ulang pengobatan dan test diagnostik yang terkait sistem musculoskeletal.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Sistem Integument</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji integritas kulit dan membrane mukosa, turgor, dan keadaan umum kulit (jaundice, kering)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji warna kulit, pruritus, kering, odor</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji adanya luka, bekas operasi/skar, drain, dekubitus, dsb</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji resiko terjadinya luka tekan dan ulkus</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Palpasi adanya nyeri, edema, dan penurunan suhu</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 85.05pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kaji riwayat pengobatan dan test diagnostik terkait sistem integument.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Sistem Reproduksi</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Biasanya didapatkan data impoten pada pria, dan penurunan libido pada wanita disertai keputihan.</div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-80742290104184289032012-05-17T22:23:00.001-07:002012-05-17T22:23:17.936-07:00KONSEP DASAR KEPERAWATAN<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Keperawatan sebagai bagian intergral dari pelayanan kesehatan, ikut menentukan mutu dari pelayanan kesehatan. Tenaga keperawatan secara keseluruhan jumlahnya mendominasi tenaga kesehatan yang ada, dimana keperawatan memberikan konstribusi yang unik terhadap bentuk pelayanan kesehatan sebagai satu kesatuan yang relatif, berkelanjutan, koordinatif dan advokatif. Keperawatan sebagai suatu profesi menekankan kepada bentuk pelayanan professional yang sesuai dengan standart dengan memperhatikan kaidah etik dan moral sehingga pelayanan yang diberikan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat dengan baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">PENGERTIAN KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada lokakarya nasional 1983, telah disepakati pengertian keperawatan adalah pelayanan profesional yang merupakan bagian integral dari pelayanan kesehatan berdasarkan ilmu dan kiat keperawatan, berbentuk pelayanan bio psiko sosio spiritual yang komprehensif yang ditujukan kepada individu, kelompok dan masyarakat baik sakit maupun sehat yang mencakup seluruh proses kehidupan manusia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Florence Nightingale (1895), mendefinisikan keperawatan adalah menempatkan pasien dalam kondisi paling baik bagi alam dan isinya untuk bertindak.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Calilista Roy (1976) mendefinisikan keperawatan merupakan definisi ilmiah yang berorientasi kepada praktik keperawatan yang memiliki sekumpulan pengetahuan untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada klien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dari beberapa definisi di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa keperawatan adalah upaya pemberian pelayanan/asuhan yang bersifat <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">humanistic dan professional, holistic</i> berdasarkan ilmu dan kiat, standart pelayanan dengan berpegang teguh kepada kode etik yang melandasi perawat profesional secara mandiri atau melalui upaya kolaborasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">DEFINISI PERAWAT</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Definisi perawat menurut UU RI. No. 23 tahun 1992 tentang kesehatan, yaitu mereka yang memiliki kemampuan dan kewenangan melakukan tindakan keperawatan berdasarkan ilmu yang dimiliki diperoleh melalui pendidikan keperawatan. Tyalor C Lillis C Lemone (1989) mendefinisikan perawat adalah seseorang yang berperan dalam merawat atau memelihara, membantu dengan melindungi seseorang karena sakit, luka dan proses penuaan. Definisi perawat menurut ICN (international council of nursing) 1965, perawat adalah seseorang yang telah menyelesaikan pendidikan keperawatan yang memenuhi syarat serta berwenang di negeri bersangkutan untuk memberikan pelayanan keperawatan yang bertanggung jawab untuk meningkatkan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit dan pelayanan penderita sakit.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Adapun upaya untuk mewujudkan perawat yang profesional di Indonesia masih belum menggembirakan, banyak factor yang dapat menyebabkan masih rendahnya peran perawat profesional, diantaranya :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Keterlambatan pengakuan body of knowledge profesi keperawatan. Tahun 1985 pendidikan S1 keperawatan pertama kali dibuka di UI, sedangkan di negara barat pada tahun 1869.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Keterlambatan pengembangan pendidikan perawat profesional.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Keterlambatan sistem pelayanan keperawatan, (standart, bentuk praktik keperawatan, lisensi).</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Menyadari peran profesi keperawatan yang masih rendah dalam dunia kesehatan akan berdampak negatif terhadap mutu pelayanan kesehatan bagi tercapainya tujuan, maka solusi yang harus ditempuh :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Pengembangan pendidikan keperawatan.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Memantapkan sistem pelayanan perawatan profesional</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Penyempurnaan organisasi keperawatan</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nilai professional yang melandasi praktik keperawatan dapat di kelompokkan dalam :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Nilai intelektual</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">Nilai intelektual dalam prtaktik keperawatan terdiri dari</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Body of Knowledge</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Pendidikan spesialisasi (berkelanjutan)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Menggunakan pengetahuan dalam berpikir secara kritis dan kreatif.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Nilai komitmen moral</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pelayanan keperawatan diberikan dengan konsep altruistic, dan memperhatikan kode<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>etik keperawatan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aspek moral yang menjadi landasan perilaku perawat adalah :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Beneficience</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">selalu mengupayakan keputusan dibuat berdasarkan keinginan melakukan yang terbaik dan tidak merugikan klien. (Johnstone, 1994)</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Fair</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Tidak mendeskriminasikan klien berdasarkan agama, ras, social budaya, keadaan ekonomi dsb, tetapi memperlakukan klien sebagai individu yang memerlukan bantuan dengan keunikan yang dimiliki.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Fidelity</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Berperilaku caring (peduli, kasih sayang, perasaan ingin membantu), selalu berusaha menepati janji, memberikan harapan yang memadai, komitmen moral serta memperhatikan kebutuhan spiritual klien.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Peran Perawat</b></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Peran adalah seperangkat tingkah laku yang diharapkan oleh orang lain terhadap seseorang sesuai kedudukannya dalam suatu system yang dipengaruhi oleh keadaan sosial baik dari dalam maupun dari luar dan bersifat stabil.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Peran perawat yang dimaksud adalah cara untuk menyatakan aktifitas perawat dalam praktik, dimana telah menyelesaikan pendidikan formalnya yang diakui dan diberi kewenangan oleh pemerintah untuk menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawab keperawatan secara profesional sesuai dengan kode etik profesional. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Perawat menggunakan proses keperawatan untuk mengidentifikasi diagnosis keperawatan mulai dari masalah fisik sampai pada masalah psikologis.</span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><strong>Elemen Peran</strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Menurut pendapat Doheny (1982) ada beberapa elemen peran perawat profesional antara lain : care giver, client advocate, conselor, educator, collaborator, coordinator change agent, consultant dan interpersonal proses.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Care Giver :</b></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Pada peran ini perawat diharapkan mampu :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Memberikan pelayanan keperawatan kepada individu, keluarga , kelompok atau masyarakat sesuai diagnosis masalah yang terjadi mulai dari masalah yang bersifat sederhana sampai pada masalah yang kompleks.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Memperhatikan individu dalam konteks sesuai kehidupan klien, perawat harus memperhatikan klien berdasarkan kebutuhan significan dari klien.</span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><strong>Client Advocate (Pembela Klien)</strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Tugas perawat :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 71.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Bertanggung jawab membantu klien dan keluarga dalam menginterpretasikan informasi dari berbagai pemberi pelayanan dan dalam memberikan informasi lain yang diperlukan untuk mengambil persetujuan (inform concern) atas tindakan keperawatan yang diberikan kepadanya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 71.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Mempertahankan dan melindungi hak-hak klien, harus dilakukan karena klien yang sakit dan dirawat di rumah sakit akan berinteraksi dengan banyak petugas kesehatan. Perawat adalah anggota tim kesehatan yang paling lama kontak dengan klien, sehingga diharapkan perawat harus mampu membela hak-hak klien.</span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Seorang pembela klien adalah pembela dari hak-hak klien. Pembelaan termasuk didalamnya peningkatan apa yang terbaik untuk klien, memastikan kebutuhan klien terpenuhi dan melindungi hak-hak klien.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><strong>Conselor</strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Konseling adalah proses membantu klien untuk menyadari dan mengatasi tekanan psikologis atau masalah sosial untuk membangun hubungan interpersonal yang baik dan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan seseorang. Didalamnya diberikan dukungan emosional dan intelektual.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Peran perawat :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 71.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Mengidentifikasi perubahan pola interaksi klien terhadap keadaan sehat sakitnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Perubahan pola interaksi merupakan “Dasar” dalam merencanakan metode untuk meningkatkan kemampuan adaptasinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Memberikan konseling atau bimbingan penyuluhan kepada individu atau keluarga dalam mengintegrasikan pengalaman kesehatan dengan pengalaman yang lalu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 71.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pemecahan masalah di fokuskan pada masalah keperawatan</span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><strong>Educator :</strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">Mengajar adalah merujuk kepada aktifitas dimana seseorang guru membantu murid untuk belajar. Belajar adalah sebuah proses interaktif antara guru dengan satu atau banyak pelajar dimana pembelajaran obyek khusus atau keinginan untuk merubah perilaku adalah tujuannya. Perubahan perilaku selalu didapat dari pengetahuan baru atau ketrampilan secara teknis.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .25in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PROSES KEPERAWATAN</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Proses keperawatan adalah metode pengorganisasian yang sistematis dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan pada individu kelompok dan masyarakat yang berfokus pada identifikasi dari pemecahan masalah dari respon pasien terhadap penyakitnya. Proses keperawatan digunakan untuk membantu perawat melakukan praktik keperawatan secara sistematis dalam memecahkan masalah keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">MANFAAT PROSES KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo38; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perawat dapat merencanakan asuhan keperawatan dan membantu mengembangkannya melalui hubungan profesional</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo38; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan kepuasan bagi pasien dan perawat</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo38; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan kerangka kerja bagi perawat dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo38; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Membuat perawat mawas diri dalam keahlian dan kemampuan merawat pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">LANGKAH-LANGKAH PROSES KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam proses keperawatan ada lima tahap, dimana tahap-tahap tersebut tidak dapat dipisahkan, dan saling berhubungan. Yang secara bersama sama membentuk lingkaran pemikiran dan tindakan yang kontinu, yang mengulang kembali kontak dengan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam proses keperawatan terdapat 4 tahapan yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengkajian</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pengumpulan data</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pengumpulan data adalah pengumpulan informasi tentang klien yang dilakukan secara sistematis untuk menentuan masalah-masalah, serta kebutuhan-kebutuhan keperawatan dan kesehatan klien. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dari informasi yang terkumpul, didapatkan data dasar tentang masalah-masalah yang dihadapi klien. </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Selanjutnya data dasar tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan diagnosis keperawatan, merencanakan asuhan keperawatan, serta tindakan keperawatan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah klien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pengumpulan data dimulai sejak klien masuk ke rumah sakit, selama klien dirawat secara terus-menerus, serta pengkajian ulang untuk menambah atau melengkapi data. </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Tujuan pengumpulan data</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo19; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Memperoleh informasi tentang keadaan kesehatan klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo19; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Untuk menentukan masalah keperawatan dan kesehatan klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo19; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Untuk menilai keadaan kesehatan klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo19; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat dalam menentukan langkah berikutnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Karakteristik data</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level3 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Lengkap</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Seluruh data diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah keperawatan klien. Data yang terkumpul harus lengkap guna membantu mengatasi masalah klien. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akurat dan nyata</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Untuk menghindari kesalahan, maka perawat harus berfikir secara akurat dan nyata untuk membuktikan benar tidaknya apa yang telah didengar, dilihat, diamati dan diukur melalui pemeriksaan ada tidaknya validasi terhadap semua data yang sekiranya meragukan. Perawat tidak boleh langsung membuat kesimpulan tentang suatu kondisi klien. Diperlukan penyelidikan lanjutan untuk menetapkan kondisi klien. Dokumentasikan apa adanya sesuai yang ditemukan pada saat pengkajian. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo20; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Relevan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pencatatan data yang komprehensif biasanya memerlukan banyak sekali data yang harus dikumpulkan, sehingga menyita waktu perawat untuk mengidentifikasi. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Informasi yang diperlukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Segala sesuatu tentang klien sebagai makhluk bio-psiko-sosial dan spiritual</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo21; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Kemampuan dalam mengatasi masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo21; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Masalah kesehatan dan keperawatan yang mengganggu kemampuan klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo21; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Keadaan sekarang yang berkaitan dengan rencana asuhan keperawatan yang akan dilakuan terhadap klien </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level2 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber data</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo22; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber data Primer</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber data primer adalah data-data yang dikumpulkan dari klien, yang dapat memberikan informasi yang lengap tentang masalah kesehatan dan keperawatan yang dihadapinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo22; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber data Sekunder</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber data sekunder adalah data-data yang diumpulkan dari orang terdekat klien (keluarga), seperti orang tua, saudara, atau pihak lain yang mengerti dan dekat dengan klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo22; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber data lainnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">sumber data lainnya dapat diperoleh dari catatan klien (perawatan atau rekam medis klien),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>riwayat penyakit, k</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">onsultasi, hasil pemeriksaan diagnostic, perawat lain, kepustakaan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Jenis data</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level3 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Data Objektif</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Merupakan data yang diperoleh melalui suatu pengukuran dan pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan standart yang diakui seperti : warna kulit, tanda-tanda vital, tingkat kesadaran, dll. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo23; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Data Subjektif</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Merupakan data yang diperoleh dari keluhan-keluhan yang disampaikan oleh klien, misalnya rasa nyeri, pusing, ketakutan, kecemasan, ketidaktahuan, dll.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Cara pengumpulan data</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Agar data dapat terkumpul dengan baik dan terarah, dilakukan klasifikasi data berdasarkan identitas klien, keluhan utama, riwayat kesehatan, keadaan fisik, psikologis, sosial, spiritual, intelegensi, hasil-hasil pemeriksaan dan keadaan khusus lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Cara yang biasa digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang klien antara lain: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>wawancara, pengamatan, pemeriksaan fisik dan studi dokumentasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Wawancara</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Wawancara adalah menanyakan atau membuat tanya jawab yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang dihadapi oleh klien dan merupakan suatu komunikasi yang direncanakan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Tujuan dari wawancara adalah untuk memperoleh data tentang masalah kesehatan dan masalah keperawatan klien, untuk menjalin hubungan antara perawat dengan klien, untuk membantu klien memperoleh informasi dan berpartisipasi dalam identifikasi masalah dan tujuan keperawatan, serta membantu perawat untuk menentukan investigasi lebih lanjut selama tahap pengkajian.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Tahapan wawancara / komunikasi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level2 lfo24; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Persiapan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sebelum melakukan komunikasi dengan klien, perawat harus melakukan persiapan dengan membaca status klien. Perawat diharapkan tidak mempunyai prasangka buruk kepada klien, karena akan mengganggu dalam membina hubungan saling percaya dengan klien. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo24; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pembukaan atau perkenalan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Langkah pertama perawat dalam mengawali wawancara adalah dengan memperkenalkan diri : nama, status, tujuan wawancara, waktu yang diperlukan dan faktor-faktor yang menjadi pokok pembicaraan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Isi / tahap kerja</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Selama tahap kerja dalam wawancara, perawat memfokuskan arah pembicaraan pada masalah khusus yang ingin diketahui, mendengarkan dengan penuh perhatian. Jelaskan bila perlu, menanyakan keluhan yang paling dirasakan oleh klien, menggunakan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti oleh klien, menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka dan tertutup tepat pada waktunya, bila perlu diam untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada klien untuk mengungkapkan perasaannya, sentuhan teraputik, bila diperlukan dan memungkinan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Perawat mempersiapkan untuk penutupan wawancara. Untuk itu klien harus mengetahui kapan wawancara dan tujuan dari wawancara pada awal perkenalan, sehingga diharapkan pada akhir wawancara perawat dan klien mampu menilai keberhasilan dan dapat mengambil kesimpulan bersama. Jika diperlukan, perawat perlu membuat perjanjian lagi untuk pertemuan berikutnya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Macam wawancara :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level2 lfo25; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Auto anamnese : wawancara dengan klien langsung</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level2 lfo25; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Allo anamnese : wawancara dengan keluarga / orang terdekat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> Hambatan wawancara :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level2 lfo26; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Internal ;</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo27; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pandangan atau pendapat yang berbeda</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo27; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Penampilan klien berbeda</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo27; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klien dalam keadaan cemas, nyeri, atau kondisinya menurun</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo27; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klien mengatakan bahwa ia tidak ingin mendengar tentang sesuatu hal</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo27; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klien tidak senang dengan perawat, atau sebaliknya</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo27; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Perawat berpikir tentang sesuatu hal yang lain / tidak fokus ke pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Perawat sedang merencanakan pertanyaan selanjutnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Perawat merasa terburu-buru</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Perawat terlalu gelisah atau terburu-buru dalam bertanya</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo26; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">External ;</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Suara lingkungan gaduh : TV, radio, pembicaraan di luar</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Kurangnya privacy</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ruangan tidak memadai untuk dilakukannya wawancara</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Interupsi atau pertanyaan dari staf perawat yang lain. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Pengamatan / observasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Observasi adalah mengamati perilaku dan keadaan klien untuk memperoleh data tentang masalah kesehatan dan keperawatan klien. </span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Observasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan penglihatan dan alat indra lainnya, melalui rabaan, sentuhan dan pendengaran. Tujuan dari observasi adalah mengumpulkan data tentang masalah yang dihadapi klien melalui kepekaan alat panca indra.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; page-break-after: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pemeriksaan fisik</span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE;">Pemeriksaan fisik adalah melakukan pemeriksaan fisik klien untuk menentukan masalah kesehatan klien. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pemeriksaan fisik dalam keperawatan digunakan untuk mendapatkan data objektif dari riwayat keperawatan klien.. </span></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Tujuan dari pemeriksaan fisik dalam keperawatan adalah untuk menentukan status kesehatan klien, mengidentifikasi masalah klien dan mengambil data dasar untuk menentukan rencana tindakan keperawatan.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Ada <strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">4 teknik dalam pemeriksaan fisik</span></strong> yaitu :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level2 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Inspeksi </span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Adalah pemeriksaan yang dilakukan dengan cara melihat bagian tubuh yang diperiksa melalui pengamatan. Fokus inspeksi pada setiap bagian tubuh meliputi : ukuran tubuh, warna, bentuk, posisi, simetris. Contoh : mata kuning (ikterus), terdapat struma di leher, kulit kebiruan (sianosis), dan lain-lain.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Palpasi</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Palpasi adalah suatu teknik yang menggunakan indera peraba yaitu dilakukan melalui perabaan terhadap bagian-bagian tubuh yang mengalami kelainan. Tangan dan jari-jari adalah instrumen yang sensitif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data, misalnya tentang : temperatur, turgor, bentuk, kelembaban, vibrasi, ukuran.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Langkah-langkah yang perlu diperhatikan selama palpasi</span> :</strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Ciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman dan santai.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tangan perawat harus dalam keadaan hangat dan kering</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kuku jari perawat harus dipotong pendek.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Semua bagian yang nyeri dipalpasi paling akhir.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perkusi </span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Perkusi adalah pemeriksaan fisik yang dilakukan dengan jalan mengetuk bagian permukaan tubuh tertentu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan menggunakan tangan atau alat bantu seperti reflek hammer untuk mengetahui reflek seseorang. Perkusi bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi, ukuran, bentuk dan konsistensi jaringan. </div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Auskultasi</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Adalah pemeriksaan fisik yang dilakukan dengan cara mendengarkan suara yang dihasilkan oleh tubuh. Biasanya menggunakan alat yang disebut dengan stetoskop. Hal-hal yang didengarkan adalah : bunyi jantung, suara nafas, dan bising usus.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pendekatan pengkajian fisik</span></strong> dapat menggunakan :</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Head to toe (kepala ke kaki)</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 77.95pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pendekatan ini dilakukan mulai dari kepala dan secara berurutan sampai ke kaki. Mulai dari : keadaan umum, tanda-tanda vital, kepala, wajah, mata, telinga, hidung, mulut dan tenggorokan, leher, dada, paru, jantung, abdomen, ginjal, punggung, genetalia, rectum, ektremitas.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ROS (Review of System / sistem tubuh) </span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 77.95pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Pengkajian yang dilakukan mencakup seluruh sistem tubuh, yaitu : keadaan umum, tanda vital, sistem pernafasan, sistem kardiovaskuler, sistem persyarafan, sistem perkemihan, sistem pencernaan, sistem muskuloskeletal dan integumen, sistem reproduksi. Informasi yang didapat membantu perawat untuk menentukan sistem tubuh mana yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus.</div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pola fungsi kesehatan Gordon, 1982</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 77.95pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;">Perawat mengumpulkan data secara sistematis dengan mengevaluasi pola fungsi kesehatan dan memfokuskan pengkajian fisik pada masalah khusus meliputi : persepsi kesehatan-penatalaksanaan kesehatan, nutrisi-pola metabolisme, pola eliminasi, pola tidur-istirahat, kognitif-pola perseptual, peran-pola berhubungan, aktifitas-pola latihan, seksualitas-pola reproduksi, koping-pola toleransi stress, nilai-pola keyakinan.</div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam pengkajian</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo30; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Data yang dikumpulkan harus menyeluruh meliputi aspek bio-psiko-sosial dan spiritual</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo30; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Menggunakan berbagai sumber yang ada relevansinya dengan masalah klien dan menggunakan cara-cara pengumpulan data yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo30; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dilakukan secara sistematis dan terus-menerus</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo30; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dicatat dalam catatan keperawatan secara sistematis dan terus-menerus</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo30; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dikelompokkan menurut kebutuhan bio-psiko-sosial dan spiritual</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level3 lfo30; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dianalisis dengan dukungan pengetahuan yang relevan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dokumentasi pengkajian</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Fokus dokumentasi pengkajian pada data klinik adalah perawat dapat mengimplementasikan dan mengorganisasi data. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Diagnosa keperawatan</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adalah pernyataan yang jelas mengenai status kesehatan atau masalah aktual atau resiko dalam rangka mengidentifikasi dan menentukan intervensi keperawatan untuk mengurangi, menghilangkan, atau mencegah masalah kesehatan klien yang ada pada tanggung jawabnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo31; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Tujuan diagnosa keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo32; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan bahasa yang umum bagi perawat sehingga jalinan informasi dalam persamaan persepsi dapat terjadi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo32; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Meningkatkan identifikasi tujuan yang tepat sehingga pemilihan intervensi lebih akurat dan menjadi pedoman dalam melakukan evaluasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo32; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menciptakan standart praktik keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo32; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Memberikan dasar peningkatan kualitas pelayanan keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo31; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Diagnosa dilihat dari status kesehatan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo33; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Aktual</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">:Menggambarkan penilaian klinik yang harus divalidasi perawat karena adanya batasan karakteristik mayor</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo33; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Potensial</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">: Menggambarkan kondisi pasien kearah yang lebih positif </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo33; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Risiko</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">: Menggambarkan kondisi klinis individu lebih rentan mengalami masalah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo33; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kemungkinan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">: Menggambarkan kondisi klinis individu yang memerlukan data tambahan sebagai faktor pendukung yang akurat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perencanaan</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Rencana perawatan adalah bukti tertulis dari tahap dua dan tahap tiga proses keperawatan yang mengidentifikasi masalah pasien, tujuan perawatan dan intervensi untuk mencapai hasil yang diharapkan dan menangani masalah pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Langkah-langkah dari pere</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">ncanaan keperawatan adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level3 lfo34; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Menentukan prioritas masalah</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo35; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan Hirearki Maslow yaitu, fisiologis, keamanan/keselamatan, mencintai dan memiliki, harga diri dan aktualisasi diri</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo35; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan Griffith-Kenney Christensen dengan urutan:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ancaman kehidupan dan kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sumber daya dan dana yang tersedia</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Peran serta klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Prinsip ilmiah dan praktik keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo34; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukan Tujuan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam menentukan tujuan digambarkan kondisi yang diharapkan disertai jangka waktu</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo34; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menentukan Kriteria Hasil</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bersifat spesifik dalam hal isi dan waktu mis: Pasien dapat menghabiskan 1 porsi makanan selama 3 hari post operasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bersifat realistik artinya dalam menentukan tujuan harus dipertimbangkan faktor fisiologis/patologis penyakit yang dialami dan sumber yang tersedia serta waktu pencapaian</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat diukur</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mempertimbangkan keadaan dan keinginan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo34; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Merumuskan intervensi dan aktifitas perawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Implementasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo36; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tindakan mandiri</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adalah aktifitas perawat yang didasarkan pada kesimpulan atau keputusan sendiri dan bukan merupakan petunjuk atau perintah dari petugas kesehatan lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo36; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tindakan kolaborasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Adalah tindakan yang didasarkan hasil keputusan bersama seperti dokter<b> </b>dan petugas kesehatan lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Bentuk implementasi keperawatan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo37; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bentuk perawatan, pengkajian untuk mengidentifikasi masalah baru atau mempertahankan masalah yang ada</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo37; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pendidikan kesehatan pada pasien untuk membantu menambah pengetahuan tentang kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo37; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konseling pasien untuk memutuskan kesehatan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo37; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Konsultasi dengan tenaga profesional kesehatan lainnya sebagai bentuk perawatan holistik</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo37; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bentuk penatalaksanaan secara spesifik atau tindakan untuk memecahkan masalah kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo37; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Membantu pasien dalam melakukan aktivitas sendiri</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo17; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Evaluasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Tujuan:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tujuan perawatan dapat dicapai dan memberikan feedback terhadap asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Langkah-langkah Evaluasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">1. Daftar tujuan-tujuan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">2. Lakukan pengkajian apakah pasien dapat melakukan sesuatu</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">3. Bandingkan antara tujuan dan kemampuan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">4. Diskusikan dengan pasien, apakah tujuan dapat tercapai atau tidak</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Jika tujuan tidak tercapai, maka perlu dikaji ulang letak kesalahannya, dicari jalan keluarnya, kemudian catat apa yang ditemukan, serta apakah perlu dilakukan perubahan intervensi.</span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-89720748664001641712012-05-16T06:31:00.001-07:002012-05-16T06:37:38.524-07:00INDIKATOR PENILAIAN PENAMPILAN RUMAH SAKIT<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">A.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Seperti kita ketahui rumah sakit merupakan suatu organisasi yang sangat kompleks, kekompleksan ini dapat dibuktikan seperti pada pasien rawat nginap; pasien ini tidak hanya mendapatkan pelayanan medic saja, sebagian perlu mendapatkan pelayanan keperawatan, pelayanan penunjang termasuk penunjang medis ataupun penunjang non medis. Pelayanan – pelayanan ini juga perlu dibantu oleh kelompok administrasi yang sifat kerjanya untuk memperlancar seluruh pelayanan yang dibutuhkan. Sifat kerja kelompok kedua ini tak lain adalah mengelola bentuk – bentuk pelayanan untuk dipadukan dengan sarana, prasarana dan tenaga yang dimiliki oleh rumah sakit, dengan demikian seyogyanya hasil kerja rumah sakit dapat dicapai seoptimal mungkin.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pada dasarnay rumah sakit memiliki 2 kelompok Tenaga kerja yaitu kelompok professional dan kelompok manajerial. Kelompok professional yang sifat kerjanya terutama adalah berupaya menyembuhkan pasien yang dirawat; ataupun meringankan penderitaan pasiennya di rumah sakit. Kelompok ini terdiri dari dokter ahli, dokter umum, dokter gigi, perawat, ahli gizi, psikolog, apoteker, ahli laboratorium, ahli radiologi, dan lain – lain. Sedangkan kelompok lainnya adalah kelompok manajerial yang sifat kerjanya adalah membantu memperlancar pekerjaan kelompok professional, kelompok manajerial ini terdiri dari akuntan, ahli perencana rumah sakit, ahli teknik bangunan, ahli teknik elektro, dan lain – lain, sifat kerja kelompok ini terhadap upaya penyembuhan pasien adalah secara tidak langsung. Untuk menilai penampilan kerja rumah sakit seyogyanya menilai hasil kerja dari kedua kelompok, yaitu hasil kerja kelompok professional yang berupa hasil layanan pasien (kualitas pelayanan) sedangkan untuk kelompok manajerial yang dinilai adalah tingkat kemampuan untuk mengolah sumber – sumber dana, tenaga, peralatan, dan teknologi yang dimiliki dalam memberikan layanan kepada pasien (efisiensi pelayanan).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">B.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">INDIKATOR PENILAIAN PENAMPILAN KERJA RUMAH SAKIT</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Seperti telah diuraikan di atas, indicator penilaian penampilan kerja rumah sakit adalah mengukur hasil kerja </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(outcome)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dari layanan, baik itu beruoa layanan kelompok professional maupun layanan yang diberikan oleh kelompok manajerial. Model indicator yang telah dikembangkan di luar negeri antara lain indicator yang dikembangkan oleh Scott dan Shortell (1983), yang menilai kelompok manajerial dan kelompok professional, untuk kelompok manajerial mereka hanya menilai dari aspek penampilan keuangan dan aspek pengembangan kepegawaian saja sedangkan penilaian kelompok professional juga hanya meliputi penilaian mutu pelayanan pasien. Model pengukuran ini mengikuti pokok – pokok pikiran dari Donabedian yang berupa ukuran terhadap struktur, proses dan </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">outcome</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dari ketiga aspek yang tersebut di atas dan tampaknya model ini cocok dipakai untuk kepentingan intern rumah sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rincian model dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut (2) :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ukuran struktur</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penampilan keuangan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penggunaan akuntansi actual</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pendidikan dan kualifikasi staf keuangan dan akuntansi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Keberadaan komisi lengkap untuk penghematan biaya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Adanya perencanaan program dan system anggaran</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mutu layanan penderita :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Presentasi dokter penuh waktu dengan </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">board certified</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Akreditasi dari komisi bersama untuk akreditasi rumah sakit</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Jumlah dokter yang sedang melaksanakan residensi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pengangkatan dan pengembangan pegawai :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pendidikan dan kualifikasi pegawai administrasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Adanya system penyesuaian gaji dan upah</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Adanya system pengawasan kedudukan dan jabatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ukuran proses</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penampilan keuangan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemeriksaan </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">budget variance</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio kekayaan lanear </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(current assets)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> terhadap kewajiban lanear </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(current liabilities)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio tagihan bersih </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(net account receivable)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> terhadap penghasilan harian dari operasional </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(average daily operating revenue)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mutu layanan penderita :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Angka kesalahan pengobatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Angka infeksi pasca bedah </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Persentasi perlakuan petunjuk kerja dalam menegakkan diagnosis tertentu</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pengangkatan dan pengembangan pegawai :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kualitas program pendidikan dan latihan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penilaian kepuasan kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penilaian dinamika organisasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ukuran luaran</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penampilan keuangan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio pendapatan operasional </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(operating income)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> terhadap pengeluaran untuk operasional </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(operating expenses)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio hutang jangka panjang (long term debt) terhadap kekayaan tetap </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(fixed assets)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio pendapatan dari operasional </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(operating income)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> ditambah bunga </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(interest) </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">terhadap kekayaan total </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(total assets)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pangsa pasar </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(market share)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mutu layanan penderita :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Angka kematian menurut kegawatan penyakit </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(standardized case severity adjusted mortality rates)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Angka kesakitan menurut kegawatan penyakit </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(standardized case severity adjusted morbidity rates)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pengangkatan dan pengembangan pegawai :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Angka </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">turn over </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pegawai</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Angka absensi pegawai</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Biaya pengangkutan per pegawai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Model berikutnya adalah model yang dikembangkan oleh Departemen Kesehatan bersama denga P4K dan Dinkes Jatim; instrument penilaian penampilan kerja rumah sakit ini, telah dipergunakan untuk menilai penampilan rumah sakit – rumah sakit terbaik, dalam rangka peringatan Hari Kesehatan Nasional setiap tahunnya. Instrumen ini dipakai sejak tahun 1986, dan telah diperbaharui/disempurnakan pada tahun 1987 dan 1989. Model indicator – indicator ini lebih komprehensif dibandingkan dengan model Scott dan Shorten, model ini menilai pelayanan medic, penunjang medic dan aspek penunjang pemeliharaan dan pelayanan. Tiap aspek memiliki pembobotan yang berbeda sesuai dengan tujuan rumah sakit; aspek manajemen, pelayanan medic, penunjang medic dan penunjang pemeliharaan dan pelayanan berturut – turut diberi pembobotan sebagai = 2 : 6 : 3 : 2. Indicator – indicator itu berupa pengukuran terhadap </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">outcome</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dari masing – masing aspek tersebut, sedangkan indicator – indicator yang berupa ukuran terhadap struktur dan proses akan dikembangkan dalam instrument pengukuran kemampuan rumah sakit. Indicator – indicator yang tersebut di atas dipergunakan untuk memilih rumah sakit terbaik dalam rangka peringatan HKN.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dalam proses </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pemilihan rumah sakit terbaik</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">seyogyanya seleksi dilakukan di antara </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">memiliki kemampuan yang sama. Nyatanya sekarang ini masih</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">banyak </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> yang digolongkan dalam satu kelas memiliki</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">kemampuan yang berbeda, misalnya </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> kelas C yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">ada di luar pulau Jawa akan berbeda kemampuannya dibandingkan dengan </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> kelas C yang ada di pulau Jawa. Sambil</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">menunggu penyempumaan instrumen mengukur kemampuan</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> itu, untuk sementara waktu </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dikelompokkan berdasarkan biaya operasional, dengan pengertian bahwa</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dengan biaya operasional yang tinggi akan memiliki</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">kemampuan yang lebih tinggi, meskipun tidak semua </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> demikian</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> halnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Besarnya batas biaya operasional diuraikan sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kemampuan I : Biaya operasional < Rp. 309.728.134</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kemampuan II : Biaya operasional antara Rp. 309.728.134 –</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">444.154.124</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kemampuan III : Biaya operasional > Rp. 444.154.124.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Biaya operasional sendiri dapat dihitung dengan komponen –</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">komponen biaya sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaji/Upah pegawai</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lauk-pauk pasien</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pembayaran jasa langganan: listrik, air, telepon, radio medik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bahan tenun dan biaya penjahitannya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bahan bakar untuk dapur, kamar bedah, kendaraan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">6.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemeliharaan gedung, peralatan medik dan non medis serta kendaraan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">7.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Peralatan dan bahan tulis menulis </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(stationaries).</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rincian aspek-aspek yang dinilai beserta </span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">jumlah </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indicator</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> penilaiannya diuraikan sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kelompok Manajemen (</span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">27 </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">)</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Unit ketenagaan (7)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Unit keuangan (4)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pelayanan medik (7)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penyusunan program dan logistik (6)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Lingkungan (3)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kelompok Pelayanan Medik (108 </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span></span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">)</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pelayanan medik I.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Unit rawat jalan (7)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Unit gawat darurat (5)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gigi dan mulut (6)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pelayanan spesialistik dan rujukan (10)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pelayanan medik II.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penyakit dalam (15)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bedah (14)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kesehatan anak (16)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kebidanan dan kandungan (15)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pelayanan Integrasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PKBRS (6)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Immunisasi (9)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PKMRS (5)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kelompok Penunjang Medik (28 </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Laboratorium (8)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Radio diagnosis (6)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Farmasi (6)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gizi (4)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Catatan medik (6)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kelompok penunjang pemeliharaan & pelayanan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Higiene sanitasi (17)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemeliharaan sarana (12)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Setiap </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> akan dinilai dengan 5 tingkatan skor, sesuai dengan tingkat pemenuhan persyaratan dari tiapindikator. Nilai – nilai dijumlahkan dalam kelompok-kelompok dan kemudian nilai dari tiap kelompok dikalikan dengan pembobotan dari masing – masing kelompok yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya, sehingga nilai akhir dari masing-masing </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dapat dibandingkan, kemudian memilih </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">penampilan</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> yang terbaikdengan skor yang tertinggi. (rincian </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> lihat Instrumen </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penilaian</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Penampilan</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> Kerja Depkes).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Model ketiga adalah </span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">berupa </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> yang sedang dikembangkan oleh Depkes, dengan tujuan untuk menilai keberhasilan program. </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> ini untuk menilai keberhasilan program dalam hal peningkatan mutu, efisiensi dan cakupannya, dalam rangka pelaksanaan rujukan medik dan rujukan kesehatan secara terpadu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator – Indikator Penilaian Mutu Pelayanan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Untuk menilai mutu pelayanan, </span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">dipilih </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> yang berkaitan dengan pelayanan medik yang dilaksanakan pada masing-masing </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> atau masing-masing UPF di </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">penilaian</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> terhadap mutu pelayanan </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">berupa :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Net Death Rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase kematian < 48 jam</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Nosocomial infection rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pelayanan spesialistik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio pasien intensif yang dirujuk terhadap pasien rawat intensif</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">f.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pasien rawat jalan yang dirujuk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">g.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pasien rawat nginap yang dirujuk</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">penilaian</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> mutu pelayanan UPF </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">UPF Bedah atau kamar bedah :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Post operative death rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Post operative clean infection rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Post operative length of stay </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(kasus tertentu)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Anestesi </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">death rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">5)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Normal tissue removal rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">UPF Kebidanan dan Kandungan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Maternal death rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perinatal death rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sectio caesaria rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Foetal death rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">UPF Kesehatan Anak :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Neonatal death rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">UPF Penyakit Dalam :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo30; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Nosocomial infection rate </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">(kasus penyakit dalam)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator – Indikator Penilaian Efisiensi Pelayanan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Untuk menilai efisiensi </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, pada dasarnya menilai efisiensi pelayanan medik yang berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan tempat tidur yang tersedia di </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, serta efisiensi pemanfaatan penunjang medik </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Untuk menilai efisiensi </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, dapat dipergunakan grafik Barber Johnson. Dalam grafik ini terdapat suatu daerah yang disebut dengan daerah efisiensi. Daerah ini terletak di sumbu x angka 1 – 3 (TOI 1–3) dan garis miring terletak pada garis miring BOR 75%. Dalam grafik ini mudah terbaca bagaimana pemanfaatan tempat tidur oleh manajemen </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dan kecenderungan dari pola penyakitnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> yang dipergunakan dalam grafik Barber Johnson adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bed Turn Over (BTO)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Length of Stay (LOS)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo31; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Turn over Interval (TOI)</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sedangkan untuk menilai efisiensi pemanfaatan tenaga di </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">, dapat dimanfaatkan rumus </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">ISN (Indicator of Staff Need).</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Contoh :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rumus ISN : Kebutuhan Dokter THT = Dalam hal ini kapasitas individual untuk dokter THT pertahun adalah 7800. Jika diketahui beban kerja di UPF THT yang berupa jumlah hari perawatan dan jumlah pasien rawat jalan dan jumlah spesialis THT-nya, maka dapat dihitung kapasitas individualnya. Jika hasil hitungan IK > 7800, berarti kapasitas individual dari dokter THT </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> tersebut telah melampaui kapasitas individual yang tercantum dalam </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumus ISN. Dapat dikatakan dokter THT-nya telah </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">over-utilized. </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menurut pengalaman, kapasitas individual di </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> swasta pada umumnya telah melampaui IK, bahkan dua kali lipatnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dengan berpedoman pada rumus ISN ini, pengambilan keputusan </span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">di </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> mudah memantau efisiensi jenis tenaga di </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakitnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Untuk menilai efisiensi pemanfaatan tenaga di UPF dan instalasi dapat dipergunakan </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio kunjungan dengan tenaga perawat rawat jalan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio jumlah hari perawatan dengan jumlah tenaga perawat rawat nginap</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio jumlah pasien UGD dengan tenaga perawat yang melayani</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio jumlah pasien intensif dengan jumlah tenaga perawat yang melayani</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio hari perawatan bedah terhadap tenaga perawat bekerja di UPF Bedah</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo32; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">f.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio persalinan dengan tenaga bidan yang melayani.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Untuk menilai efisiensi pemanfaatan penunjang medic</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">dan instalasi, </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span></span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dapat dipergunakan sebagai</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio pemakaian bahan </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">X-ray </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">terhadap jumlah pemeriksaan </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">X-ray photo.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pemeriksaan yang tidak menemui adanya kelainan (di Iuar rujukan)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio pemakaian bahan pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap jumlah pemeriksaan sejenis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pemeriksaan tidak menemui adanya kelainan (di luar rujukan langsung)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Index cost </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">per </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">ambulance service</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo33; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">f.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Index cost </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">per </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">laundry service.</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator – Indikator Penilaian Cakupan Pelayanan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pelayanan terhadap cakupan pelayanan ini, dapat kita bagi menjadi cakupan pelayanan </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> dan cakupan </span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pelayanan </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> terhadap penduduk di sekitarnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> cakupan </span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pelayanan </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rata-rata kunjungan per hari</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rata-rata kunjungan baru per hari</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio kunjungan baru dengan total kunjungan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Jumlah rata-rata pasien UGD per hari</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">5)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rata-rata pasien intensif per hari</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">6)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pasien rujukan rawat jalan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">7)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pasien rujukan rawat nginap</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">8)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio pasien Askes terhadap jumlah pasien</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">9)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rata-rata operasi per hari</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">10)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase operasi darurat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">11)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rata-rata persalinan per hari</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">12)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rata-rata pemeriksaan radiologi per hari</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">13)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pemeriksaan </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">thorax photo</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">14)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase pemeriksaan radiologi dari luar </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">15)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase R/yang dilayani RS terhadap R/RS</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">16)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">item </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">obat tersedia terhadap </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">item </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">obat-obat dalam formularium</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">17)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Jumlah pelayanan ambulan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">18)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio banyaknya cucian dengan pasien rawat nginap</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">19)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Prosentase penyediaan makanan khusus.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo34; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Indikator</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">indikator</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">penilaian</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">cakupan </span><span style="background: white; mso-shading-themecolor: background1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pelayanan </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">rumah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">sakit </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">terhadap penduduk di </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">catchmenI area, </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">yang dapat dipergunakan, sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio pasien rawat jalan terhadap jumlah penduduk dalam </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">catchment area</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Rasio pasien rawat nginap terhadap jumlah penduduk dalam </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">catchment area</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Admission rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Hospitalization rate</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-58621604660381284572012-05-15T18:35:00.000-07:002012-05-15T18:35:01.062-07:00KONSEP KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM KEPERAWATAN<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">A.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PENDAHULUAN</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Manajemen keperawatan pada dasarnya berfokus</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pada perilaku manusia. Untuk mencapai tingkat tertinggi dari produktivitas pada pelayanan keperawatan, pasien membutuhkan manajer perawat yang terdidik dalam pengetahuan dan ketrampilan tentang perilaku manusia untuk mengelola perawat profesional serta pekerja keperawatan non profesional.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mc. Gregor menyatakan bahwa setiap manusia merupakan kehidupan individu secara keseluruhan yang selalu mengadakan interaksi dengan dunia individu lainnya. Apa yang terjadi dengan orang tersebut merupakan akibat dari perilaku orang lain. Sikap dan emosi dari orang lain mempengaruhi orang tersebut. Bawahan sangat tergantung pada pimpinan dan berkeinginan untuk diperlakukan adil. Suatu hubungan akan berhasil apabila dikehendaki oleh kedua belah pihak.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bawahan memerlukan rasa aman dan akan memperjuangkan untuk melindungi diri dari ancaman yang bersifat semu</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">atau yang benar - benar ancaman terhadap tidak terpenuhinya kebutuhan dalam situasi kerja.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Atasan / pimpinan menciptakan kondisi untuk mewujudkan kepemimpinan yang efektif dengan membentuk suasana yang dapat diterima oleh bawahan, sehingga bawahan tidak merasa terancam dan ketakutan.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Untuk dapat melakukan hal tersebut di atas, baik atasan maupun bawahan perlu memahami tentang pengelolaan kepemimpinan secara baik, yang pada akhirnya akan terbentuk motivasi dan sikap kepemimpinan yang profesional.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">B.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PENGERTIAN KEPEMIMPINAN </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ada beberapa batasan tentang kepemimpinan , antara lain :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepemimpinan adalah perpaduan berbagai perilaku yang dimiliki seseorang sehingga orang tersebut mempunyai kemampuan untuk mendorong orang lain bersedia dan dapat menyelesaikan tugas - tugas tertentu yang dipercayakan kepadanya</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">( Ordway Tead ). </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepemimpinan adalah suatu proses yang mempengaruhi aktifitas seseorang atau sekelompok orang untuk mau berbuat dan mencapai tujuan tertentu yang telah ditetapkan ( Stogdill ).</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepemimpinan adalah hubungan yang tercipta dari adanya pengaruh yang dimiliki seseorang terhadap orang lain sehingga orang lain tersebut secara sukarela mau</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">dan bersedia bekerja sama untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan ( Georgy R. Terry ).</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepemimpinan adalah suatu proses yang mempengaruhi aktifitas seseorang atau sekelompok</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">orang untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu yang telah ditetapkan dalam suatu situasi tertentu ( Paul Hersay, Ken Blanchard ).</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dapat dipahami dari empat batasan di atas bahwa kepemimpinan</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">akan</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">muncul apabila ada seseorang yang karena sifat - sifat dan perilakunya mempunyai kemampuan untuk mendorong orang lain untuk berpikir, bersikap, dan ataupun berbuat sesuatu sesuai dengan apa yang diinginkannya.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepemimpinan dalam konteks organisasi utamanya menekankan pada fungsi pengarahan yang meliputi memberitahu, menunjukkan, dan memotivasi bawahan. Fungsi manajemen ini sangat terkait dengan faktor manusia dalam suatu organisasi, yang mencakup interaksi antar manusia dan berfokus pada kemampuan seseorang dalam mempengaruhi orang lain. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Di dalam keperawatan kepemimpinan merupakan penggunaan ketrampilan seorang pemimpin ( perawat ) dalam mempengaruhi perawat - perawat lain yang berada di bawah pengawasannya untuk pembagian tugas dan tanggung jawab dalam memberikan pelayanan asuhan keperawatan sehingga tujuan keperawatan tercapai. Setiap perawat mempunyai potensi yang berbeda dalam kepemimpinan, namun ketrampilan ini dapat dipelajari sehingga selalu dapat diterapkan dan ditingkatkan. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">C.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">TEORI KEPEMIMPINAN</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ada beberapa yang pernah dikemukakan, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Teori Bakat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Teori bakat ini adalah teori klasik dari kepemimpinan. Di sini di sebutkan bahwa seorang pemimpin dilahirkan, artinya bakat-bakat tertentu yang di perlukan seseorang untuk menjadi pemimpin diperolehnya sejak lahir. Kemampuan seorang pemimpin di tentukan oleh bakat, intelegensi, stabilitas emosi dan kebugaran fisik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Teori Situasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bertolak belakang dengan teori bakat ialah teori situasi ( situasional theory ). Teori ini muncul sebagai hasil pengamatan, dimana seseorang sekalipun bukan keturunan pemimpin, ternyata dapat pula menjadi pemimpin yang baik. Hasil pengamatan tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa orang biasa yang jadi pemimpin tersebut adalah karena adanya situasi yang menguntungkan dirinya, sehingga ia memiliki kesempatan untuk muncul sebagai pemimpin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Teori Ekologi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sekalipun teori situasi kini banyak dianut, dan karena itu masalah kepemimpinan banyak menjadi bahan studi, namun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sering ditemukan adanya seorang yang setelah berhasil dibentuk menjadi pemimpin, ternyata tidak memiliki kepemimpinan yang baik. Hasil pengamatan yang seperti ini melahirkan teori ekologi, yang menyebutkan bahwa seseorang memang dapat dibentuk untuk menjadi pemimpin, tetapi untuk menjadi pemimpin yang baik memang ada bakat-bakat tertentu yang terdapat pada diri seseorang yang di peroleh dari alam.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">D.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaya kepemimpinan dapat diartikan sebagai penampilan atau karakteristik khusus dari suatu bentuk kepemimpinan ( Follet, 1940; dikutip dari Gillies, 1996 ). Telah disebutkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan dipengaruhi oleh sifat dan perilaku yang dimiliki oleh pemimpin. Karena sifat dan perilaku antara seorang dengan orang lainnya tidak persis sama, maka gaya kepemimpinan ( leadership style ) yang diperlihatkanpun juga tidak sama. Bertitik tolak dari pendapat adanya hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan dengan perilaku tersebut, maka dalam membicarakan gaya kepemimpinan yang untuk bidang administrasi sering dikaitkan dengan pola manajemen</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">( pattern of management ), sering dikaitkan dengan pembicaraan tentang perilaku.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tegantung dari sifat dan perilaku yang dihadapi dalam suatu organisasi dan atau yang dimiliki oleh pemimpin, maka gaya kepemimpinan yang diperlihatkan oleh seorang pemimpin dapat berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ada empat gaya kepemimpinan yang telah dikenal yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaya Kepemimpinan Otokratis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaya kepemimpinan otokratis adalah gaya kepemimpinan yang menggunakan kekuatan jabatan dan kekuatan pribadi secara otoriter, melakukan sendiri semua perencanaan tujuan dan pembuatan keputusan dan memotivasi bawahan dengan cara paksaan, sanjungan, kesalahan dan penghargaan untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah di tetapkan. Pada gaya kepemimpinan ini ( autocratic leadership style ) segala keputusan berada di tangan pemimpin. Pendapat atau kritik dari bawahan tidak pernah dibenarkan. Pada dasarnya sifat yang dimiliki sama dengan gaya kepemimpinan dictator tetapi dalam bobot yang agak kurang. </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaya Kepemimpinan Demokratis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaya kepemimpinan demokratis adalah gaya seorang pemimpin yang menghargai karakteristik dan kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh setiap anggota organisasi. Pada gaya kepemimpinan demokratis ( democratic leadership style ) ditemukan peran serta bawahan dalam pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan secara musyawarah. Hubungan dengan bawahan dibangun dengan baik. Pemimpin yang demokratis menggunakan kekuatan jabatan dan kekuatan pribadi untuk menggali dan mengolah gagasan bawahan dan memotivasi mereka untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Segi positif dari gaya kepemimpinan ini mendatangkan keuntungan antara lain: keputusan serta tindakan yang lebih obyektif, tumbuhnya rasa ikut memiliki, serta terbinanya moral yang tinggi. Sedangkan kelemahannya : keputusan serta tindakan kadang - kadang lamban, rasa tanggung jawab kurang, serta keputusan yang dibuat terkadang bukan suatu keputusan yang terbaik.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaya Kepemimpinan Partisipasif</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaya kepemimpinan partisipasif adalah gabungan bersama antara gaya kepemimpinan dan demokratis dengan cara mengajukan masalah dan mengusulkan tindakan pemecahannya kemudian mengundang kritikan, usul dan saran bawahan. Dengan mempertimbangkan masukan tersebut, pimpinan selanjutnya menetapkan keputusan final tentang apa yang harus dilakukan bawahannya untuk memecahkan masalah yang ada</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gaya Kepemimpinan Laisses Faire</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dapat diartikan sebagai gaya “membiarkan” bawahan melakukan sendiri apa yang ingin dilakukannya. Pada gaya kepemimpinan ini peranan pimpinan hampir tidak terlihat karena segala keputusan diserahkan kepada bawahan, jadi setiap anggota organisasi dapat melakukan kegiatan masing - masing sesuai dengan kehendak masing - masing pula. Dalam hal ini, pemimpin melepaskan tanggung jawabnya,meninggalkan bawahan tanpa arah, supervise atau koordinasi sehingga terpaksa mereka merencanakan, melakukan dan menilai pekerjaan yang menurut mereka tepat.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Selanjutnya dapat dikemukakan bahwa keempat gaya kepemimpinan diatas memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan tersendiri. Setiap gaya kepemimpinan biasa efektif dalam situasi tertentu tetapi tidak efektif dalam situasi lainnya ( Tannenbaum dan Schmit, 1973; dikutip dari Gillies, 1996 ).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Faktor yang menentukan efektifitas gaya kepemimpinan secara situsional meliputi : Fkesulitan atau kompleksitas tugas yang diberikan, waktu yang tersedia untuk menyelesaikan tugas, ukuran unit organisasi, pola komunikasi dalam organisai, latar belakang pendidikan dan pengalaman pegawai, kebutuhan pegawai dan kepribadian pemimpin ( Gillies, 1996 )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">E.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PEMIMPIN YANG EFEKTIF </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Seorang</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pemimpin</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">yang</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">efektif</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">adalah</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">seorang</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pemimpin</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">yang dapat mempengaruhi orang lain agar dapat bekerja sama untuk mencapai hasil yang</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">memuaskan bagi terjadinya perubahan yang bermanfaat. Tidak ada gaya atau karakteristik kepemimpinan yang dapat dikatakan efektif tanpa mempertimbangkan situasi kultural, situasi kerja dan kebutuhan pekerjayang terus-menerus berubah dari waktu ke waktu. Karakteristik kepemimpinan yang efektif dikemukan oleh beberapa ahli sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Fiedler (1977), dikutip dari Gilles ( 1996 ) menyatakan bahwa kepemimpinan dapat berjalan efektif bila :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepemimpinan berganti dari satu orang ke orang lain dan berganti dari satu gaya ke gaya lainnya seiring dengan terjadinya perubahan situasi kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemimpin sebaiknya berasal dari anggota kelompok kerja, mengenal situasi kerja dan memiliki kemampuan yang lebih tinggi dibanding anggota kelompok kerja lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bennis menyatakan bahwa pemimpin yang efektif adalah pemimpin yang memenuhi karakteristik sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mempunyai pengetahuan yang luas dan kompleks tentang sistem manusia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menerapkan pengetahuan tentang pengembangan dan pembinaan bawahan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mempunyai kemampuan menjalin hubungan antar manusia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mempunyai sekelompok nilai dan kemampuan yang memungkinkan untuk mengenal orang lain dengan baik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Swanburg (1990) menyatakan bahwa karakteristik pemimpin yang efektif adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Intelegensi ( pengetahuan, pendapat, keputusan, berbicara )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepribadian ( mudah adaptasi, waspada, kreatif, kerjasama, integritas pribadi yang baik, keseimbangan emosi dan tidak ketergantungan kepada orang lain )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kemampuan ( bekerjasama, hubungan antarmanusiadan partisipasi sosial )</span></div><ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ruth M. Trapper (1989 ), membagi menjadi 6 komponen :</span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menentukan tujuan yang jelas, cocok, dan bermakna bagi kelompok. Memilih</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kepemimpinan dan dalam bidang profesinya.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Memiliki kesadaran diri dan menggunakannya untuk memahami kebutuhan sendiri serta kebutuhan orang lain. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Berkomunikasi dengan jelas dan efektif.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mengerahkan energi yang cukup untuk kegiatan kepemimpinan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mengambil tindakan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Hellander ( 1974 )</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dikatakan efektif bila pengikutnya melihat pemimpin sebagai seorang yang bersama - sama mengidentifikasi tujuan dan menentukan alternatif kegiatan.</span></span></div><ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Gibson ( Lancaster dan Lancaster,1982 )</span></span></li>
<span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Seorang pemimpin harus mempertimbangkan :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kewaspadaan diri ( self awarness )</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kewaspadaan diri berarti menyadari bagaimana seorang pemimpin mempengaruhi orang lain. Kadang seorang pemimpin merasa ia sudah membantu orang lain, tetapi sebenarnya justru telah menghambatnya.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Karakteristik kelompok </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Seorang pemimpin harus memahami karakteristik kelompok meliputi : norma, nilai - nilai kemampuannya, pola komunikasi, tujuan, ekspresi dan keakraban kelompok.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Karakteristik individu </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemahaman tentang karakteristik individu juga sangat penting karena setiap individu unik dan masing - masing mempunyai kontribusi yang berbeda.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">F.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">HUBUNGAN KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KEKUASAAN</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kepemimpinan dan kekuasaan adalah dua hal yang berbeda tetapi tidak dapat dipisahkan antara satu dengan lainnya. Kepemimpinan dapat dijalankan hanya bila pada diri pemimpin terdapat kekuasaan karena jabatan yang di embannya dan penerimaan atau pengakuan bawahan atas perannya sebagai pemimpin ( Gilles, 1996 )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kekuasaan seorang pemimpin dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Reward power atau kekuasaan memberikan penghargaan terhadap bawahan baik berupa insentif material,mememenuhi permintaan rotasi tugas atau kesempatan untuk mengikuti program pengembangan staf. Pimpinan yang menggunakan kekuasaan legitimasi dapat menggunakan penghargaan untuk memperoleh kerja sama dari bawahan. Bawahan mungkin akan menanggapi petunjuk atau permintaan apabila pimpinan dapat menyediakan penghargaan yang bernilai , misalnya: kenaikan gaji, pemberian bonus, pemberian hari libur dan lain - lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Coecieve power atau kekuasaan untuk menerapkan perintah atau hukuman secara paksa kepada bawahan berupa penurunan atau penundaan kenaikan pangkat, skorsing maupun pemecatan. Bawahan akan tunduk karena ketakutan. Walaupun kekuasaan paksaan mungkin digunakan untuk memperbaiki perilaku yang tidak produktif dalam organisasi, namun seringkali menghasilkan akibat yang sebaliknya. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Referent power merupakan kemampuan untuk menjadi panutan bawahan sehingga dapat menimbulkan kebanggaan dan upaya bawahan untuk mengidentifikasikan diri sesuai dengan pemimpinnya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Expert power merupakan kemampuan untuk menyakinkan, membimbing dan mengarahkan bawahan berdasarkan keahlian yang dimiliki seorang pemimpin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">G.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PENERAPAN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM KEPERAWATAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menurut Kron (1981), ruang lingkupkegiatan kepemimpinan keperawatan meliputi :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perencanaan dan pengorganisasian </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Membuat penugasan dan memberi pengarahan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pemberian bimbingan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mendorong kerjasama dan partisipatif</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kegiatan koordinasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">6.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Evaluasi hasil kerja</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">H.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">PIMPINAN DAN KEPEMIMPINAN </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Manajer atau kepemimpinan adalah orang yang bertugas melakukan proses atau fungsi manajemen. Berdasarkan hierarki tugasnya pimpinan dikelompokkan sebagai berikut :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pimpinan tingkat pertama ( Lower Manager ) </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Adalah pimpinan yang langsung berhubungan dengan para pekerja yang menjalankan mesin peralatan atau memberikan pelayanan langsung pada konsumen. Pimpinan ini diutamakan memiliki proporsi peranan technical skill yang terbesar dan konseptual skill yang terkecil.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pimpinan tingkat menengah ( Middle Manager ) </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Adalah pimpinan yang berada satu tingkat di atas Lower Manager. Pimpinan ini menjadi saluran informasi dan komunikasi timbal balik antara Lower Manager dan Top Manager , yakni pimpinan puncak (</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">di atas Middle Manager ) sehingga pimpinan ini diutamakan memiliki kemampuan mengadakan hubungan antara keduanya. Konseptual skill adalah ketramp[ilan dalam penyusunan konsep - konsep, identifikasi, dan penggambaran hal - hal yang abstrak. Sedangkan techmnical skill adalah ketrampilan dalam melakukan pekerjaan secara teknik. Hubungan antara manusia merupakan ketrampilan dalam melakukan komunikasi dengan sesama</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">manusia lain.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pimpinan puncak ( Top Manager )</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pimpinan puncak adalah manajer yang menduduki kewenangan organisasi tertinggi dan sebagai penanggung jawab utama pelaksanaan administrasi. Pimpinan ini memiliki proporsi peranan konseptual skill yang terbesar dan technical skill yang terkecil. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Hubungan antar manusia ada dua jenis : </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Human Relations</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Adalah hubungan antar manusia intern dalam organisasi guna membina lancarnya tim kerja.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Public Relations </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Adalah hubungan antar manusia ekstern keluar organisasi.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tugas - tugas pimpinan :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai pengambil keputusan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai pemikul tanggung jawab </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mengerahkan sumber daya untuk mencapai tujuan sebagai pemikir konseptual</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bekerja dengan atau melalui orang lain </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai mediator, politikus, dan diplomat. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Peranan pemimpin terhadap kelompok :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai penghubung interpersonal, yaitu merupakan simbul suatu kelompok dalam melakukan tugas secara hukum dan sosial, mempunyai tanggung jawab dan memotivasi, mengatur tenaga dan mengadakan pengembangan serta merupakan penghubung jaringan kerja di luar kelompok. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai inovator atau pembaharu </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai pemberi informasi, yaitu memonitor informasi yang ada di lingkungan organisasi, menyebarluaskan informasi dari luar kepada bawahan dan mewakilikelompok sebagai pembicara. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menghimpun kekuatan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Merangsang perdebatan masyarakat </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">f.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Membuat kedudukan perawat di media massa </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">g.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Memilih suatu strategi utama yang paling efektif, bertindak di saat yang tepat</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">h.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mempertahankan kegiatan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">i.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Memelihara formaf desentralisasi organisasi </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">j.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mendapatkan dan mengembangkan data penelitian yang terbaik </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">k.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mempelajari pengalaman </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">l.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Jangan menyerah tanpa mencoba.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">I.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">MANAJEMEN KONFLIK </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Konflik, menurut Deutsch ( 1969 ) didefinisikan sebagai suatu perselisihan atau perjuangan yang timbul bila keseimbangan antara perasaan, pikiran, hasrat, dan perilaku seseorang yang terancam. Penyebab konflik, Edmund ( 1979 ) menyebutkan sembilan faktor umum yang berkaitan dengan semua kemungkinan penyebab konflik, yaitu :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Spesialisasi </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebuah kelompok yang bertanggung jawab untuk suatu tugas tertentu atau area pelayanan tertentu memisahkan dirinya dari keompok lain. Seringkali berakibat terjadinya konflik antar kelompok.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Peran yang bertugas banyak </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Peran keperawatan membutuhkan seseorang untuk dapat menjadi seorang manajer, seorang pemberi asuhan yang trampil, seorang ahli dalam hubungan antar manusia, seorang negosiator, penasihat , dan sebagainya. Setiap sub peran dengan tugas - tugasnya memerlukan orientasi yang berbeda - beda yang dapat menyebabkan konflik.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Interdependensi peran</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Peran perawat pelaksana dalam praktek pribadi tidak akan serumit seperti peran perawat dalam tim kesehatan yang multidisiplin, dimana tugas seseorang perlu didiskusikan dengan orang lain yang mungkin bersaing untuk area - area tertentu.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kekaburan tugas </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ini diakibatkan oleh peran yang mendua dan kegagalan untuk memberikan tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugat untuk suatu tugas pada individu atau kelompok.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">e.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perbedaan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sekelompok orang dapat mengisi peran yang sama tetapi perilaku sikap, emosi, dan kognitif orang - orang ini terhadap peran mereka bisa berbeda.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">f.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kekurangan sumber daya </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Persaingan ekonomi, pasien, jabatan, adalah sumber absolut dari konflik antar pribadi dan antar kelompok.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">g.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perubahan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Saat perubahan menjadi lebih tampak, maka kemungkinan tingkat konflik akan meningkat secara proporsional.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">h.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Konflik tentang imbalan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Bila orang mendapat imbalan secara berbeda - beda, maka sering timbul konflik, kecuali jika mereka terlibat dalam perbuatan sistem imbalan.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">i.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Masalah komunikasi </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sikap mendua, penyimpangan persepsi, kegagalan bahasa, dan penggunaan saluran komunikasi secara tidak benar, semuanya akan menyebabkan konfllik.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Manajemen atau penatalaksanaan konflik dapat dilakukan melalui upaya sebagai berikut:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Disiplin </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Upaya disiplin digunakan untuk menata atau mencegah konflik, perawat pengelola harus mengetahui dan memahami ketentuan peraturan organisasi. Jika ketentuan tersebut belum jelas maka perlu dilakukan klarifikasi. Disiplin merupakan cara untuk mengoreksi atau memperbaiki staf yang tidak diinginkan.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mempertahankan tahap kehidupan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Konflik dapat diatasi dengan membantu individu perawat mencapai tujuan sesuai dengan tahapan kehidupannya, yang meliputi :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tahap dewasa muda </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tahap dewasa menengah </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Tahap manusia diatas 55 tahun </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Komunikasi </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Komunikasi merupakan seni yang penting untuk mempertahankan lingkungan yang terapeutik. Melalui peningkatan komunikasi yang efektif maka konflik dapat dicegah.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Asertif training</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Perawat yang asertif mengetahui bahwa mereka bertanggung jawab terhadap pikiran, perasaan, dan tindakannya. Peningkatan kesadaran, training sensitivitas dan training asertif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pengelola keperawatan dalam mengatasi perilaku konflik.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Teknik manajemen konflik :</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 0in list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menetapkan tujuan </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Apabila ingin terlibat dalam manajemen konflik, maka perawat perlu memahami gambaran yang menyeluruh tentang masalah atau konflik yang akan diselesaikan. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai antara lain : meningkatkan alternatif penyelesaian masalah konflik, bila perlu motivasi fihak yang terlibat untuk mendiskusikan alternatif penyelesaian masalah yang mungkin diambil sehingga pihak yang terlibat konflik dapat bertanggung jawab terhadap keputusan yang dipilih.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Memilih strategi </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">1)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Menghindar </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Untuk mencegah konflik yang lebih berat pada situasi yang memuncak, maka strategi menghindar merupakan alternatif penyelesaian konflik yang bersifat sementara yang tepat untuk dipilih.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">2)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Akomodasi </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mengakomodasikan pihak yang terlibat konflik dengan cara meningkatkan kerja sama dan keseimbangan serta mengembangkan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah yang tepat dengan cara mengumpulkan data yang akurat dan mengambil suatu kesepakatan bersama. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kompromi </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Dilakukan dengan mengambil jalan tengah di antara kedua pihak yang terlibat konflik.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">4)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kompetisi</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Sebagai pimpinan, perawat dapat menggunakan kekuasaan yang terkait dengan tugas stafnya melalui upaya meningkatkan motivasi antar staf, sehingga timbul rasa persaingan yang sehat. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 57.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">5)</span><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Kerja sama</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;">Apabila pihak - pihak yang terlibat konflik bekerja sama untuk mengatasi konflik tersebut, maka konflik dapat diselesaikan secara memuaskan.</span></span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-2700219659868915902012-05-15T18:29:00.000-07:002012-05-15T18:29:19.942-07:00PRINSIP - PRINSIP MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengertian</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Upaya kesehatan kerja adalah upaya penyerasian antara kapasitas kerja, beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja agar setiap pekerja dapat bekerja secara sehat tanpa membahayakan dirinya sendiri maupun masyarakat disekelilingnya, agar diperoleh produktivitas kerja yang optimal (UU Kesehatan Tahun 1992 Pasal 23). Konsep dasar dari upaya kesehatan kerja ini adalah Identifikasi permasalahan, Evaluasi dan dilanjutkan dengan tindakan pengendalian.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ruang Lingkup Kesehatan Kerja</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kesehatan kerja meliputi berbagai upaya penyerasian antara pekerja dengan pekerjaan dan lingkungan kerjanya baik fisik maupun psikis dalam hal cara/metode kerja, proses kerja, dan kondisi yang bertujuan untuk :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memelihara dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan kerja masyarakat pekerja di semua lapangan kerja setinggi – tingginya baik fisik, mental maupun kesejahteraan sosialnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mencegah timbulnya gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat pekerja yang diakibatkan oleh keadaan/kondisi lingkungan kerjanya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memberikan pekerjaan dan perlindungan bagi pekerja di dalam pekerjaannya dari kemungkinan bahaya yang disebabkan oleh factor – factor yang membahayakan kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menempatkan dan memelihara pekerja disuatu lingkungan pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan kemampuan fisik dan psikis pekerjanya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kapasitas Kerja, Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kapasitas kerja, beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja merupakan tiga komponen utama dalam kesehatan kerja, dimana hubungan interaktif dan serasi antara ketiga komponen tersebut akan menghasilkan kesehatan kerja yang baik dan optimal. Kapasitas kerja yang baik seperti status kesehatan kerja dan gizi kerja yang baik serta kemampuan fisik yang prima diperlukan agar seorang pekerja dapat melakukan pekerjaannya dengan baik. Kondisi atau tingkat kesehatan pekerja sebagai (modal ) awal seseorang untuk melakukan pekerjaan harus pula mendapat perhatian. Kondisi awal seseorang untuk bekerja dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tempat kerja, gizi kerja dan lain – lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Beban kerja meliputi beban kerja fisik maupun mental. Akibat beban kerja yang terlalu berat atau kemampuan fisik yang terlalu lemah dapat mengakibatkan seorang pekerja menderita gangguan atau penyakit akibat kerja. Kondisi lingkungan kerja (misalnya panas, bising debu, zat – zat kimia dan lain – lain) dapat merupakan beban tambahan terhadap pekerja. Beban – beban tambahan tersebut secara sendiri – sendiri atau bersama – sama dapat menimbulkan gangguan atau penyakit akibat kerja.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gangguan kesehatan pada pekerja dapat disebabkan oleh factor yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan maupun yang tidak berhubungan dengan pekerjaan. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa status kesehatan masyarakat pekerja dipengaruhi tidak hanya oleh bahaya kesehatan di tempat kerja dan lingkungan kerja tetapi juga oleh factor – factor pelayanan kesehatan kerja, perilaku kerja serta factor lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lingkungan Kerja dan Penyakit Akibat Kerja yang Ditimbulkan </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penyakit akibat kerja dan atau berhubungan dengan pekerjaan dapat disebabkan oleh pemajanan di lingkungan kerja. Dewasa ini terdapat kesenjangan antara pengetahuan ilmiah tentang bagaimana bahaya – bahaya kesehatan berperan dan usaha – usaha untuk mencegahnya. Misalnya antara penyakit yang sudah jelas penularannya dapat melalui darah dan pemakaian jarum suntik yang berulang – ulang, atau perlindungan yang belum baik pada para pekerja rumah sakit dengan kemungkinan terpajan melalui kontak langsung. Untuk mengantisipasi permasalahan ini maka langkah awal yang penting adalah pengenalan/identifikasi bahaya yang bisa timbul dan dievaluasi, kemudian dilakukan pengendalian. Untuk mengantisipasi dan mengetahui kemungkinan bahaya di lingkungan kerja ditempuh tiga langkah utama, yakni :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengenalan lingkungan kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengenalan lingkungan kerja ini biasanya dilakukan dengan cara melihat dan mengenal (walk through inspection), dan ini merupakan langkah dasar yang pertama – tama dilakukan dalam upaya kesehatan kerja. Hal ini dilakukan agar pekerja tambang mengenal serta memahami kondisi lingkungan tempat mereka bekerja disamping itu dengan pengenalan lingkungan yang baik akan dapat mencegah resiko kesehatan bagi mereka.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Evaluasi lingkungan kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Merupakan tahap penilaian karakteristik dan besarnya potensi – potensi bahaya yang mungkin timbul, sehingga bisa untuk menentukan prioritas dalam mengatasi permasalahan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengendalian lingkungan kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan pemajanan terhadap zat/bahan yang berbahaya di lingkungan kerja. Kedua tahapan sebelumnya, pengenalan dan evaluasi, tidak dapat menjamin sebuah lingkungan kerja yang sehat. Jadi hanya dapat dicapai dengan teknologi pengendalian yang adekuat untuk mencegah efek kesehatan yang merugikan di kalangan para pekerja. Pengendalian lingkungan (Environmental Control Measures)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Desain dan tata letak yang adekuat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penghilangan atau pengurangan bahan berbahaya pada sumbernya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengendalian perorangan (personal control measures)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penggunaan alat pelindung perorangan merupakan alternative lain untuk melindungi pekerja dari bahaya kesehatan. Namun alat pelindung perorangan harus sesuai dan adekuat. Pembatasan waktu selama pekerja terpajan terhadap zat tertentu yang berbahaya dapat menurunkan resiko terkenanya bahaya kesehatan di lingkungan kerja. Kebersihan perorangan dan pakaiannya, merupakan hal yang penting, terutama untuk para pekerja yang dalam pekerjaannya berhubungan dengan bahan kimia serta partikel lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-85190509978865638482012-05-13T04:47:00.016-07:002012-05-20T06:33:15.542-07:00FREE MP3 DOWNLOAD<b><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Kim Tae Woo feat Mc. Mong (I Love You Oh Thank You)</span></i></b><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></i></span><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">2. MBLAQ (It's War)</span></i></b><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></i></span><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">3. Bi Rain (Love Song)</span></i></b><br />
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<b><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">4. Homme (Man Should Laugh)</span></i></b><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></i></span><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">5. Taeyeon (Can You Hear Me)</span></i></b><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></i><br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">6. As One (White Love Story)</span></b></i><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">7. Big Bang (Halleluyah)</span></i></b><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></i><br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">8. IU (Almost)</span></b></i><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><br />
<i><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">9. Magic Girl (Orange Caramel)</span></b></i><br />
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</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i>10. Big Bang feat 2NE1 (Lollipop)</i></b><b><i><br />
</i></b><b><i> </i></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><b>11. SHINEE (Lucifer)</b><b><br />
</b></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><b>12. KISS (Because I'm a girl)</b></i></span><br />
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</span></i></span>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-27726437177443204812012-05-10T19:26:00.002-07:002012-05-10T19:26:59.086-07:00MANAJEMEN CARE<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Manajemen keperawatan merupakan pengelolaan aktivitas keperawatan oleh manajer keperawatan, melalui kegiatan manajerial terhadap perawat pelaksana. Kepuasan kerja perawat perlu mendapat perhatian serius dari pihak manajemen rumah sakit, karena perawat merupakan karyawan terbesar yang menjadi ujung tombak pelayanan. Kepuasan kerja yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dirasakan perawat diharapkan akan memberikan dampak terhadap kualitas kinerja.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Managed care mengacu pada berbagai teknik untuk mempengaruhi perilaku klinis dari penyedia layanan kesehatan dan atau pasien, seringkali dengan mengintegrasikan pembayaran dan pemberian perawatan kesehatan. Tujuan keseluruhan dari perawatan yang dikelola adalah untuk menempatkan control administrative terhadap biaya, kualitas, atau akses ke pelayanan perawatan kesehatan di populasi tertentu dari pendaftar tertutup.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kapitasi Manajemen Care</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kapitasi melibatkan membayar jumlah dokter, calon tetap untuk setiap pasien terlepas dari biaya merawat pasien. Organisasi penyedia pilihan melibatkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pengaturan antara dokter dan pembeli dimana dokter setuju untuk menawarkan diskon dari biaya yang biasa atau biaya dalam pertukaran untuk menyediakan layanan kesehatan bagi kelompok pasien. Contoh lain dari perawatan yang dikelola termasuk asosiasi praktek individu, organisasi pemeliharaan kesehatan, dokter / rumah sakit asosiasi, dan organisasi penyedia eksklusif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kapitasi adalah salah satu contoh dari praktek keperawatan dikelola yang berusaha untuk mengendalikan biaya perawatan kesehatan. Beberapa praktek perawatan dikelola berusaha mempengaruhi kualitas perawatan. Sebagai contoh, pedoman klinis yang bertujuan untuk mengubah manajemen klinis masalah kesehatan tertentu (misalnya, pengobatan hipertensi) juga umum praktek perawatan dikelola.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Managed care disusun sekitar berbagai insentif untuk mendorong praktek biaya efektif obat – obatan, dan untuk meminimalkan variasi dalam pola – pola praktek klinis. “Efisiensi” disini berarti menyediakan produk, dalam hal ini perawatan kesehatan kasus, sementara sumber daya meminimalkan digunakan, paling sering dolar. Paling sering, efisiensi dimaksimalkan dengan meningkatkan produktivitas sementara memperbaiki biaya. Oleh karena itu, managed care dapat menciptakan tekanan untuk berbuat lebih banyak dengan lebih sedikit : waktu kurang per pasien, obat – obatan lebih murah, dan lebih sedikit tes diagnostic dan perawatan mahal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Moneter insentif sering digunakan untuk mempengaruhi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perilaku dokter, dan mungkin termasuk dokter yang mempraktikkan kedokteran bermanfaat hemat dengan menawarkan imbalan keuangan, seperti bonus, bagi mereka yang memberikan perawatan yang paling hemat biaya. Mereka yang melakukan prosedur terlalu banyak atau tidak efisien biaya dengan cara lain mungkin akan dihukum, seringkali dengan bonus pemotongan atau bagian dari pendapatan. Nonmoneter bujukan untuk membatasi perawatan mengambil bentuk membawa tekanan teman sebaya, atau tekanan dari atasan, untuk menanggung pada mereka yang gagal memperhitungkan kesejahteraan keuangan majikan mereka. Insentif moneter dan non moneter meningkatkan kepedulian etis yang dokter mungkin kompromi advokasi pasien untuk mencapai penghematan biaya. Sebuah keprihatinan terkait etika berkaitan dengan efek perawatan dikelola pada hubungan dokter-pasien. Banyak khawatir bahwa managed care akan merusak hubungan dokter-pasien dengan mengikis kepercayaan dokter mereka, mengurangi jumlah waktu dokter menghabiskan waktu dengan pasien, dan membatasi pasien akses pasien ke dokter.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Apa dampak manajemen care terhadap hubungan antara dokter dan pasien ?</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Managed care dapat mengubah hubungan antara dokter dan pasien dalam berbagai cara. Pertama, mungkin mengubah cara dimana hubungan tersebut mulai dan berakhir. Kesehatan organisai pemeliharaan, misalnya, hanya membayar untuk perawatan yang diberikan oleh dokter mereka sendiri. Kelompok penyedia disukai membatasi akses ke dokter dengan membayar persentase yang lebih kecil dari biaya perawatan ketika pasien pergi ke luar jaringan. Pembatasan ini membatasi kemampuan pasien untuk membangun hubungan dengan dokter yang mereka pilih. Pemutusan hubungan dokter-pasien dapat juga terjadi tanpa memilih pasien. Sebagai contoh, ketika majikan pergeseran rencana kesehatan karyawan mungkin tidak memiliki pilihan tetapi untuk memutuskan hubungan dengan dokter mereka.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selain itu, beberapa bentuk perawatan yang dikelola menciptakan insentif keuangan untuk dokter untuk menghabiskan waktu lebih sedikit dengan setiap pasien. Sebagai contoh, di bawah dokter penyedia pengaturan disukai mengimbangi dikurangi biaya untuk layanan dengan melihat labih banyak pasien. Hal ini mengurangi waktu yang tersedia untuk membahas masalah pasien, mengeksplorasi pilihan perawatan, dan mempertahankan hubungan yang bermakna denga pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Akhirnya, dikelola pengaturan perawatan sering control akses ke dokter spesialis, sehingga membatasi kebebasan pasien untuk memilih penyedia layanan dan memperoleh layanan medis yang mereka inginkan. Hal ini terjadi, misalnya, di organisasi pemeliharaan kesehatan dimana dokter perawatan primer berfungsi sebagai “penjaga gerbang” yang mengontrolisasi rujukan pasien ke dokter spesialis. Kritik klaim perawatan yang dikelola bahwa hal ini akan menurunkan kualitas pelayanan, sementara para pendukung percaya bahwa fungsi gatekeeping menghasilkan manfaat seperti mengurangi efek iatrogenic, mempromosikan peninjauan ketat standar keperawatan, dan menekankan teknologi rendah, perawatan berorientasi layanan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dampak keseluruhan dari perawatan yang dikelola tetap diperdebatkan secara luas. Pendukung berpendapat bahwa hal itu telah meningkatkan efisiensi, meningkatkan standar keseluruhan, dan menyebabkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang hubungan antara biaya dan kualitas. Mereka berpendapat bahwa tidak ada korelasi, yang konsisten langsung antara biaya perawatan dan kualitas, menunjuk ke sebuah penelitian tahun 2002 Institut Juran yang memperkirakan bahwa “biaya kualitas yang buruk” disebabkan oleh jumlah berlebihan, penyalahgunaan, dan limbah sampai 30 persen dari semua pengeluaran kesehatan perawatan langsung. Praktek muncul dari kedokteran berbasis bukti yang digunakan untuk menentukan kapan pengobatan berbiaya rendah mungkin sebenarnya lebih efektif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-50551243495756956202012-05-10T19:23:00.000-07:002012-05-10T19:23:23.544-07:00KOMUNIKASI DALAM KEPERAWATAN<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Komunikasi Terapeutik</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pendahuluan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kualitas asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan kepada klien sangat dipengaruhi oleh hubungan perawat-klien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bila perawat tidak memperhatikan hal ini maka hubungan perawat-klien tersebut bukanlah hubungan yang memberikan dampak terapeutik yang akhirnya mempercepat proses kesembuhan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tetapi lebih kepada hubungan sosial.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat yang menguasai tehnik “ Komunikasi Terapeutik “ akan lebih efektif dalam mencapai tujuan asuhn keperawatan .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dampak selanjutnya adalah memberikan Kepuasan Profesional dalam pelayanan keperawatan dan akan meningkatkan citra profesi serta rumah sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pengertian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hubungan perawat –klien yang terapeutik adalah pengalaman belajar bersama dan pengalaman untuk memperbaiki emosi klien </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tujuan Terapeutik </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Realisasi diri dan penerimaan diri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Identitas diri yang jelas dan integritas tinggi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kemampuan membina hubungan interpersonal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Peningkatan fungsi dan kemampuan memenuhi kebutuhan dan tujuan personal yang realistis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tujuan terapeutik akan tercapai jika Perawat memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kesadaran diri terhadap nilai yang dianutnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kemampuan untuk menganalisa perasaannya sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kemampuan untuk menjadi contoh peran</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Altruistik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Rasa tanggung jawab etik dan moral</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tanggung jawab </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sikap Komunikasi terapeutik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Berhadapan : Posisi ini” Saya siap untuk anda” </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mempertahankan kontak mata: Menghargai Klien </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Membungkuk ke arah klien: “Siap Mendengarkan “ </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mempertahankan sikap terbuka : Tidak Melipat tangan dan kaki menunjukkan keterbukaan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Tetap rileks : Tetap dapat mengontrol keseimbangan antara ketegangan dan relaksasi dalam memberi respon pada klien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Komunikasi Non Verbal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Isyarat Vokal : Tek , Kualitas,tertawa,irama,kecepatan menggambarkan suasana emosi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Isyarat Tindakan : Semua gerakan tubuh, ekspresi wajah dan sikap tubuh, menggambarkan suasana hati</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Isyarat Obyek : Digunakan secara sengaja /tidak , seperti: pakaian dan benda pribadi. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ruang : Isyarat tentang kedekatan hubungan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sentuhan: Komunikasi Paling Personal pertimbangan LB, Jenis hubungan ,usia dan harapan .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tehnik Komunikasi Terapeutik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mendengar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pertanyaan terbuka </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mengulang </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Klarifikasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Refleksi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Menfokuskan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Membagi persepsi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Identifikasi ‘’tema’’</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Diam</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Informing</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Saran</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dimensi Hubungan</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Keterampilan tertentu dibutuhkan perawat untuk mencapai dan mempertahankan hubungan terapeutik. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Keterampilan ini menggabungkan keterampilan verbal dan non verbal serta sikap dan perasaan dibalik sikap perawat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Keterampilan ini dibagi 2 dimensi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">DIMENSI RESPONSIF</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kesejatian/Keikhlasan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Tampak pada sikap perawat yang terbuka, jujur dan ikhlas.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hormat/ Menghargai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sikap ini terlihat pada saat perawat menerima apa adanya,tidak menghina, mengejek & tidak menghakimi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Empati</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Merupakan kemampuan masuk kedalam kehidupan klien agar dapat merasakan fikiran dan perasaannya sehingga kemudian mampu mengidentifikasi masalahnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Konkrit</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat menggunakan terminologi yang spesifik dan jelas bukan suatu yang abstrak. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">DIMENSI TINDAKAN</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Konfrontasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pengekspresian perawat terhadap perbedaan perilaku klien yang bermanfaat untuk memperluas kesadaran diri klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kesegeraan, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perawat harus sensitif terhadap perasaan klien</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Keterbukaan Perawat,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Berguna untuk memfasilitasi kerjasama</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Katarsis Emosional ,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Klien didorong untuk menceritakan hal yang sangat mengganggunya untuk mendapat efek terapeutik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bermain Peran, </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mengembangkan situasi tertentu untuk meningkatkan penghayatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>klien kedalam HAM.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kesadaran Diri Perawat Dalam Komunikasi Terapeutik</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat merupakan profesi yang menolong manusia untuk beradaptasi secara positif terhadap stres yang dialami. Pertolongan yang diberikan harus bersifat terapeutik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Instrumen utama yang dipakai adalah <i>DIRI PERAWAT SENDIRI</i>. Analisa diri sendiri merupakan dasar utama untuk dapat memberikan asuhan yang berkualitas </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Fokus Analisa Diri :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kesadaran diri </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat perlu menjawab pertanyaan “Siapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>saya”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat harus dapat mengkaji perasaan, perilakunya secara pribadi maupun sebagai pemberi perawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kesadaran diri akan membuat perawat menerima perbedaan dan keunikan klien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“ JOHARI WINDOW” menggambarkan tentang perilaku, fikiran, perasaan seseorang sebagai berikut :</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.5pt;" width="222"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Diketahui oleh diri sendiri dan orang lain</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.5pt;" width="222"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hanya diketahui oleh orang lain</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 42.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 42.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.5pt;" width="222"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hanya diketahui oleh diri sendiri</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 166.5pt;" width="222"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tidak diketahui oleh siapapun</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3 Prinsip Johari Window </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perubahan satu kuadran akan mempengaruhi kuadran yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Jika kuadran 1 paling kecil, bermakna komunikasi buruk dan kesadaran diri kurang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kuadran 1 paling besar , bermakna individu memiliki kesadaran diri tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Cara meningkatkan kesadaran diri :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mempelajari diri sendiri </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Belajar dari orang lain</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Membuka Diri </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Klarifikasi Nilai :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat sebaiknya mempunyai sumber kepuasan yang cukup , sehingga tidak menggunakan klien sebagai sumber kepuasan dan keamanannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Eksplorasi Perasaan :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat perlu terbuka dan sadar akan perasaannya , dengan demikian perawat akan mendapat informasi tentang : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bagaimana responnya pada klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bagaimana penampilannya pada klien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Kemampuan Menjadi Model</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat yang memiliki masalah pribadi misalnya : hubungan interpersonal yang terganggu akan berdampak pada hubungannya dengan klien.<i> </i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tahapan Hubungan terapeutik</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Prainteraksi</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Eksplorasi perasaan,fantasi dan ketakutan diri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Analisa kekuatan & kelemahan profesional<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dapatkan data klien & rencanakan pertemuan I</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perkenalan atau orientasi</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tentukan alasan minta pertolongan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bina Hubungan Saling percaya,rumuskan kontrak & eksplorasi fikiran dan perbuatan klien.<i> </i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kerja</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Eksplorasi stressor yg tepat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dorong perkembangan kesadaran diri klien & pemakaian koping yang konstruktif</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Atasi penolakan perilaku adaptif</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Terminasi</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ciptakan realitas perpisahan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bicarakan proses terapi dan pencapaian tujuan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Saling eksplorasi perasaan kehilangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Elemen Kontrak </span></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nama Perawat</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Peran Perawat dan Klien </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">tanggung Jawab Perawat</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Harapan Perawat dan Klien</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tujuan Hubungan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Waktu Pertemuan </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Situasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peretemuan dan Terminasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kerahasiaan</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kebuntuan Terapeutik</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pengertian </span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hambatan kemajuan hubungan Perawat-Klien. Penyebabnya dari berbagi alasan dan terjadi dalam bentuk yang berbeda. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kebuntuan ini menimbulkan perasaan tegang baik bagi perawat maupun klien, terdiri dari Resisten, Transferens, Kontertransferens, Pelanggaran Batasan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">RESISTENS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Resisten adalah upaya Pasien untuk tetap tidak<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menyadari penyebab ansietas yang dialaminya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Resisten utama sering terjadi akibat dari ketidaksediaan pasien untuk berubah ketika kebutuhan untuk berubah telah dirasakan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perilaku Resistens biasanya terjadi pada fase kerja</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bentuk Resistens</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Supresi dan Represi informasi terkait</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Devaluasi diri dan keputusasaan tentang masa depan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perilaku amuk & tidak rasional</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pembicaraan yang bersifat permukaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hambatan intelektual --> tidak mampu berpikir</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Penghayatan intelektual --> Mengatakan memahami tapi masih maladaptive</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Reaksi transferens</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">TRANSFERENS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Transferens adalah respons tidak sadar dimana pasien mengalami perasaan dan sikap terhadap perawat yang pada dasarnya terkait dengan tokoh dalam kehidupannya yang lalu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sifat yang paling menonjol Adalah ketidaktepatan respons pasien<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam intensitas dan penggunaan mekanisme koping ( displacement ) yg maladaptif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ada 2 jenis utama : REAKSI BERMUSUHAN DAN TERGANTUNG</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">KONTERTRANSFERENS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kontertransferens yaitu Kebuntuan terapeutik yang dibuat oleh Perawat.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Kontertranferens merujuk pada respon emosional spesifik oleh perawat terhadap pasien yang tidak tepat dalam isi maupun konteks hubungan Terapeutik atau ketidaktepatan dalam intensitas emosi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Reaksi kontertransferens berbentuk : Reaksi sangat mencintai, reaksi sangat bermusuhan/membenci, reaksi sangat cemas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perilaku yang ditampilkan :</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ketidakmampuan untuk berempati terhadap pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menekan perasaan sesudah dan selama interaksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kecerobohan dalam kontrak</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perasaan marah atau tidak sabar karena klien tidak berubah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mencoba menolong pasien dalam segala hal yang tidak berhubungan dengan tujuan keperawatan yang telah ditetapkan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Berdebat dengan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Melamunkan dan memikirkan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Fantasi seksual</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perasaan gelisah dan bersalah terhadap pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kebutuhan untuk mempertahankan intervensi keperawatan pada pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menolong dalam tingkat personal dan sosial</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PELANGGARAN BATASAN</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hal ini terjadi jika perawat melampaui batasan hubungan yang terpeutik dan membina hubungan sosial, ekonomik, atau personal dengan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perilaku yang ditampilkan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat melakukan atau memikirkan sesuatu yang khusus, berbeda atau tidak biasa terhadap pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pasien mengajak perawat makan siang atau makan malam diluar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hub Prof berubah menjadi hubungan Sosial</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat menghadiri pesta undangan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pasien mengenalkan perawat pada keluarga untuk tujuan sosial </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat menerima pemberian hadiah dari bisnis pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat menghadiri acara sosial pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat secara rutin memeluk dan memegang pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat menjalankan bisnis atau memesannya dari pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat menyetujui tindakan penangulangan diluar terap</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mengatasi Kebuntuan Terapeutik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat harus siap untuk mengungkapkan perasaan emosional yang sangat kuat dalam konteks hubungan perawat –klien .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perawat harus memiliki pengetahuan tentang kebuntuan terapeutik<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan mengenali perilaku yang menunnjukkan adanya kebuntuan tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klarifikasi dan refleksi perasaan agar dapat lebih memusatkan pada apa yang sedang terjadi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menggali latar belakang kembali baik pasien maupun perawat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-974111632815921672012-05-06T08:33:00.000-07:002012-05-06T08:33:36.393-07:00SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendahuluan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam perkembangannya, rumah sakit masa kini bukan lagi berfungsi sebagai lembaga sosial semata, tetapi merupakan lembaga bisnis yang patut diperhitungkan keberadaanya. Perubahan fungsi ini terjadi dengan banyak ditemukannya penyakit-penyakit baru maupun teknologi pengobatan yang makin maju. Teknologi informasi telah mempengaruhi pula pelayanan rumah sakit, antara lain dibutuhkan dalam rangka memenuhi tuntutan masyarakat akan ketepatan dan kecepatan pelayanannya. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit Departemen Kesehatan RI telah mengeluarkan kebijakan yang menjadi pedoman bagi penyelenggaraan pembangunan kesehatan yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah maupun swasta. Sistem informasi rumah sakit merupakan salah satu komponen yang penting dalam mewujudkan upaya peningkatan mutu tersebut. Sistem informasi rumah sakit secara umum bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan sistem informasi dari berbagai subsistem dan mengolah informasi yang diperlukan sebagai pengambilan keputusan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manajemen rumah sakit menghendaki pengelolaan rumah sakit yang efektif dan efesien. Efektif dalam arti tingkat keberhasilan penanganan terhadap pasien cukup tinggi dan efesien berarti optimal dalam penggunaan sumber daya rumah sakit yang ada. Suatu upaya serius dan terencana harus ditempuh agar keinginan tersebut dapat tercapai.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan perkembangan beberapa rumah sakit di Indonesia akhir-akhir ini baik dari segi aspek administratif atau teknologi peralatan medis, maka proses pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia dapat berangsur-angsur lebih baik. Untuk mengembangkan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit dibutuhkan beberapa fasilitas pendukung yang digunakan untuk proses pengolahan data rumah sakit dengan pemanfaatan teknologi komputer.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknologi yang dirancang khusus untuk membantu proses pengolahan data di rumah sakit adalah teknologi informasi berupa Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM) rumah sakit. Informasi merupakan aktivita (<i>asset</i>) penting suatu rumah sakit dalam meningkatkan efesiensi dan efektifitas pekerjaan. Era saat ini, banyak rumah sakit tidak menyadari berapa banyak informasi telah didapat dan diproses serta didistribusikan baik secara manual maupun secara komputerisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem informasi dapat dilakukan dengan metode manual maupun dengan metode komputerisasi yang seharusnya dirancang dan dikembangkan secara terencana dan terarah tetapi dengan semakin berkembangnya dan semakin kompleksnya sistem informasi di era jejaring informasi ini maka sistem informasi manajemen tidak akan dapat berfungsi sesuai yang diharapkan tanpa adanya dukungan elemen komputerisasi (Mulyadi, 2001).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem informasi berbasis komputer memiliki kelebihan dalam hal kecepatan dan ketepatan. Ketepatan karena komputer dapat menyimpan serta mengelola data dalam kapasitas yang besar juga minimnya kesalahan yang dapat terjadi. Kecepatan dapat dilihat dari otomatisasi yang mampu dilakukan oleh komputer dengan dukungan sistem yang tepat dalam memberikan pelayanan bagi masyarakat. Sistem informasi berbasis komputer juga berguna bagi peningkatan kinerja <i>user </i>dalam hal membantu mereka untuk mempermudah dan mempercepat pekerjaan mereka (Mahmudin, 2003).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem informasi manajemen <i>(manajemen information system</i>) atau disingkat sebagai MIS, merupakan penerapan sistem informasi di dalam organisasi untuk mendukung informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh semua tingkatan manajemen. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Informasi Manajemen saat ini merupakan sumber daya utama, yang mempunyai nilai strategis dan mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting sebagai daya saing serta kompetensi utama sebuah organisasi dalam menyongsong era Informasi ini.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sedangkan </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sistem informasi manajemen rumah sakit adalah suatu sistem berbasis komputer yang menghasilkan sekumpulan informasi yang telah diolah dan saling berinteraksi. Hasil informasi berupa laporan dan digunakan oleh pengguna dalam mengambil keputusan atau peningkatan upaya pelayanan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> S</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">istem informasi rumah sakit umumnya mencakup masalah klinikas ( Media ), Pasien dan informasi-informasi yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan rumah sakit itu sendiri</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Selain itu, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit merupakan applikasi yang dirancang untuk kebutuhan pengelolaan Rumah Sakit baik swasta maupun negeri, dimana sistem ini sudah di dukung dengan fitur dan modul yang lengkap.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem informasi manajemen rumah sakit berfungsi untuk:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengendalian mutu pelayanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengendalian mutu dan penilaian produktivitas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyederhanaan pelayanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis manfaat dan perkiraan kebutuhan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penelitian klinis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendidikan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perencanaan dan evaluasi program</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manfaat</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manfaat yang didapatkan Rumah Sakit dengan menggunaan SIMRS ini adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses-proses manajemen rumah sakit bisa terintegrasi antara satu bagian dengan bagian lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengendalian stok obat dan alkes multi gudang (multi apotek / floorstock) bisa dilakukan dengan lebih mudah karena posisi stock up to date-nya bisa diketahui setiap saat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penagihan kepada pasien bisa dibuat dalam sebuah <i>single billing statement</i> untuk semua jasa perawatan yang telah diterima pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Riwayat penyakit dan perawatan (<i>medical record</i>) pasien bisa dikelola dan dipanggil dengan cepat dan otomatis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis statistik diagnosa dan pembedahan terhadap pasien telah disesuaikan dengan standard yang telah ditetapkan WHO.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memudahkan proses <i>budgeting</i> dan pengendalian realisasinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memudahkan penyusunan rencana <i>cash-flow</i> dan pengendalian arus kas maupun bank.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan SIMRS, resiko keterlambatan pembayaran atau penagihan hutang piutang bisa dikurangi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjaga konsistensi data (<i>data consistency</i>) karena menggunaan data bersama (<i>data sharing</i>) baik data master (database pasien, dokter, perawat, karyawan dan obat) maupun data transaksi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemanfaatan data keluaran / output dari suatu modul oleh modul lain (sebagai masukan / input) sehingga bisa dihindari adanya redundansi proses antar bagian.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SIMRS memberikan kemudahan dalam pembuatan laporan di semua unit, cepat dan akurat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencetakan nota pembayaran, kuitansi, surat menyurat bisa dilakukan dengan mudah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Efisiensi waktu entri data (<i>entry time</i>) karena hanya dilakukan sekali oleh bagian yang paling berkompeten.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Efisiensi kerja karyawan menjadi meningkat karena beberapa proses rutin seperti pembuatan laporan atau perhitungan-perhitungan dilakukan secara otomatis dan cepat. Dengan demikian karyawan lebih bisa berkonsentrasi kepada hal-hal yang bersifat stratgis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dll.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keunggulan</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SIM Rumah Sakit yang dikembangkan Enigma memiliki keunggulan sistem yang akan memberikan keuntungan dalam implementasinya sebagai berikut : </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terintegrasi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Merupakan satu kesatuan sistem secara keseluruhan sehingga meningkatkan esfisiensi operasional dan menghasilkan informasi dan laporan yang komprehensif.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Modular</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Dikembangkan dengan modul-modul dengan fleksibilitas tinggi sehingga memudahkan implementasi, pemeliharaan, dan penambahan modul baru.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klien-Server Arsitektur</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dirancang dengan arsitektur yang difungsikan untuk pengaksesan data dan transaksi dengan kapasitas besar yang meliputi business rules, user level, security dan metodology programming.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Multi User - Multi Tasking</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dapat digunakan oleh banyak pengguna (user) secara bersama-sama tanpa menimbulkan interupsi sehingga proses data lebih cepat dan efektif.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scalable</span></strong></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki kemampuan tingkat skalabilitas yang tinggi. Kemampuan menyimpan data dapat ditingkatkan dan dikembangkan sesuai dengan teknologi dan kebutuhan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Reliable</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Dilengkapi dengan sistem backup untuk keamanan data.</span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-30380866454910761222012-05-06T08:25:00.000-07:002012-05-06T08:25:05.271-07:00TIM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MODEL KASUS</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model kasus merupakan model pemberian asuhan yang pertama digunakan. Sampai perang dunia kedua model tersebut merupakan model pemberian asuhan keperawatan yang paling banyak digunakan. Pada model ini satu perawat akan memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada seorang pasien secara total dalam satu periode dinas. Jumlah pasien yang dirawat oleh satu perawat sangat tergantung kepada kemampuan perawat dan kompleksnya masalah dan pemenuhan kebutuhan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam model kasus perawat mampu memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang mencakup seluruh aspek keperawatan yang dibutuhkan pasien. Pada model ini perawat memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada seorang pasien secara menyeluruh, sehingga mengetahui apa yang harus dilakukan terhadap pasien dengan baik, sehingga pasien merasa puas dan merasakan lebih aman karena mengetahui perawat yang bertanggung jawab atas dirinya. Dengan model ini menuntut seluruh tenaga keperawatan mempunyai kualitas professional dan membutuhkan jumlah tenaga keperawatan yang banyak. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model ini sangat sesuai digunakan di ruangan rawat khusus seperti ruang perawatan intensif, misalnya ruang ICCU, ICU, HCU, Haemodialisa dan sebagainya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MODEL FUNGSIONAL </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model fungsional dikembangkan setelah perang dunia kedua, dimana jumlah pendidikan keperawatan meningkat dan banyak lulusan bekerja di rumah sakit dari berbagai jenis program pendidikan keperawatan. Agar pemanfaatan yang bervariasi tenaga keperawatan tersebut dapat dimaksimalisasi, maka memunculkan ide untuk mengembangkan model fungsional dalam palayanan asuhan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada model fungsional, pemberian asuhan keperawatan ditekankan pada penyelesaian tugas dan prosedur keperawatan. Setiap perawat diberikan satu atau beberapa tugas untuk dilaksanakan kepada semua pasien yang dirawat di suatu ruangan. Suatu perawat mungkin bertanggung jawab dalam pemberian obat, mengganti balutan, monitor infuse, dan sebagainya. Prioritas utama yang dikerjakan adalah pemenuhan kebutuhan fisik sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasien dan kurang menekankan kepada pemenuhan kebutuhan pasien secara holistic, sehingga dalam penerapannya kualitas asuhan keperawatan sering terabaikan, karena pemberian asuhan yang terfragmentasi. Komunikasi antara perawat sangat terbatas, sehingga tidak ada satu perawat yang mengetahui tentang satu klien secara komprehensif, kecuali mungkin kepala ruangan. Hal ini sering menyebabkan klien kurang puas dengan pelayanan asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan, karena seringkali klien tidak mendapat jawaban yang tepat tentang hal – hal yang ditanyakan, dan kurang merasakan adanya hubungan saling percaya dengan perawat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kepala ruangan bertanggung jawab untuk mengarahkan dan mensupervisi. Komunikasi antar staf sangat terbatas dalam membahas masalah pasien. Perawat terkadang tidak mempunyai waktu untuk berdiskusi dengan pasien atau mengobservasi reaksi obat yang diberikan maupun mengevaluasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hasil tindakan keperawatan yang diberikan .</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada model ini kepala ruangan menentukan apa yang menjadi tugas setiap perawat dalam suatu ruangan dan perawat akan melaporkan tugas – tugas yang dikerjakan kepada kepala ruangan. Dan kepala ruangan lah yang bertanggung jawab dalam membuat laporan pasien. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam model fungsional ini koordinasi antar perawat sangat kurang sehingga seringkali pasien harus mengulang berbagai pertanyaan atau permintaan kepada semua petugas yang datang kepadanya, dan kepala ruangan lah yang memikirkan setiap kebutuhan pasien secara komprehensif. Informasi yang disampaikan bersifat verbal, yang seringkali terlupakan karena tidak didokumentasi dan tidak diketahui oleh staf lain yang memberikan asuhan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dengan menggunakan model ini kepala ruangan kurang mempunyai waktu untuk membantu stafnya untuk mempelajari cara yang terbaik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pasien atau dalam mengevaluasi kondisi pasien dan hasil asuhan keperawatan, kecuali terjadi perubahan yang sangat mencolok. Dan orientasi model ini hanya pada penyelesaian tugas, bukan kualitas, sehingga pendekatan secara holistic sukar dicapai.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model fungsional mungkin efisien dalam menyelesaikan tugas – tugas bila jumlah staf sedikit, namun pasien selalu tidak mendapat kepuasan dari asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MODEL TIM</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Setelah bertahun – tahun menggunakan model fungsional, beberapa pimpinan keperawatan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(nursing leader)</i> mulai mempertanyakan keefektifan model tersebut dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan professional. Oleh karena adanya berbagai jenis tenaga dalam keperawatan, diperlukan adanya supervisi yang adekuat, maka pada tahun 1950 dikembangkan model tim dalam pelayanan asuhan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model tim merupakan suatu model pemberian asuhan keperawatan dimana seorang perawat professional memimpin sekelompok tenaga keperawatan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada sekelompok klien melalui upaya kooperatif dan kolaboratif ( Douglas, 1984 ).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Konsep model ini didasarkan kepada falsafah bawah sekelompok tenaga keperawatan bekerja secara bersama – sama secara terkoordinasi dan kooperatif sehingga dapat berfungsi secara menyeluruh dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada setiap pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model tim didasarkan pada keyakinan bahwa setiap anggota kelompok mempunyai kontribusi dalam merencanakan dan memberikan asuhan keperawatan sehingga timbul motivasi dan rasa tanggung jawab perawat yang tinggi, sehingga setiap anggota tim merasakan kepuasan karena diakui kontribusinya di dalam mencapai tujuan bersama yaitu mencapai kualitas asuhan keperawatan yang bermutu. Potensi setiap anggota tim saling komplementer menjadi satu kekuatan yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kepemimpinan serta timbul rasa kebersamaan dalam setiap upaya pemberian asuhan keperawatan, sehingga dapat menghasilkan sikap moral yang tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada dasarnya di dalam model tim menurut Kron & Gray ( 1987 ) terkandung dua konsep utama yang harus ada, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kepemimpinan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kemampuan ini harus dipunyai oleh ketua tim, yaitu perawat professional <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">( registered nurse )</i> yang ditunjuk oleh kepala ruangan untuk bertanggung jawab terhadap sekelompok pasien dalam merencanakan asuhan keperawatan, merencanakan penugasan kepada anggota tim, melakukan supervise dan evaluasi pelayanan keperawatan yang diberikan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Komunikasi yang Efektif</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Proses ini harus dilaksanakan untuk memastikan adanya kesinambungan asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan pasien secara individual dan membantunya dalam mengatasi masalah. Proses komunikasi harus dilakukan secara terbuka dan aktif melalui laporan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pre</i> atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">post conference</i> atau pembahasan dalam penugasan, pembahasan dalam merencanakan dan menuliskan asuhan keperawatan dan mengevaluasi hasil yang telah dicapai.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengajaran dan bimbingan secara insidental perlu dilakukan yang merupakan bagian dari tanggung jawab ketua tim dalam pembinaan anggotanya. Dalam model ini ketua tim menetapkan anggota tim yang terbaik untuk merawat setiap pasien. Dengan cara ini ketua tim membantu semua anggota tim untuk belajar apa yang terbaik untuk pasien yang dirawatnya berdasarkan kebutuhan dan permasalahan yang dihadapi pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 38.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam pelaksanaan model ini, ketua tim dapat memperoleh pengalaman praktek melakukan kepemimpinan yang demokratik <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam mengarahkan dan membina anggotanya. Pimpinan juga akan belajar bagaimana mempertahankan hubungan antar manusia dengan baik dan bagaimana mempertahankan hubungan antar manusia dengan baik dan bagaimana mengkoordinasikan berbagai kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan beberapa anggota tim secara bersama – sama. Untuk mencapai kepemimpinan yang efektif setiap anggota tim harus mengetahui prinsip dasar administrasi, supervise, bimbingan dan teknik mengajar agar dapat dilakukannya dalam bekerja sama dengan anggota tim. Ketua tim juga harus mampu mengimplementasikan prinsip dasar kepemimpinan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tanggung Jawab Kepala Ruangan, Ketua Tim dan Anggota Tim</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tanggung Jawab Kepala Ruangan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model tim akan berhasil baik bila didukung oleh kepala ruangan, yang berperan sebagai manajer di ruangan tersebut, yang bertanggung jawab dalam :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menetapkan standar kinerja yang diharapkan dari staf sesuai dengan standar asuhan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Membantu staf dalam menetapkan sasaran asuhan keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memberikan kesempatan kepada Ketua Tim untuk mengembangkan kepemimpinan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengorientasikan tenaga keperawatan yang baru tentang fungsi model tim dalam system pemberian asuhan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjadi nara sumber bagi Ketua Tim.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mendorong staf untuk meningkatkan kemampuan melalui riset keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menciptakan iklim komunikasi yang terbuka dengan semua staf.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tanggung Jawab Ketua Tim</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengkaji setiap pasien dan menetapkan rencana keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengkoordinasikan rencana keperawatan dengan tindakan medik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Membagi tugas yang harus dilaksanakan oleh setiap anggota tim dan memberi bimbingan melalui pre dan post conference </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengevaluasi asuhan keperawatan baik proses ataupun hasil yang diharapkan serta mendokumentasikannya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tanggung Jawab Anggota Tim</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Melaksanakan tugas berdasarkan rencana asuhan keperawatan yang telah disusun</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mencatat dengan jelas dan tepat asuhan keperawatan yang telah diberikan berdasarkan respon pasien</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berpartisipasi dalam setiap memberikan masukan untuk meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 76.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menghargai bantuan dan bimbingan dari ketua tim</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelaksanaan model tim tidak dibatasi oleh suatu pedoman yang kaku. Model tim dapat diimplementasikan pada tugas pagi, sore, dan malam. Apakah terdapat 2 atau 3 tim tergantung pada jumlah dan kebutuhan serta jumlah dan kualitas tenaga keperawatan. Umumnya satu tim terdiri dari 3 – 5 orang tenaga keperawatan untuk 10 – 20 pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Lambertson seperti dikutip oleh Douglas ( 1984 ), menunjukkan bahwa model tim bila dilakukan dengan benar merupakan model asuhan keperawatan yang tepat dalam meningkatkan pemanfaatan tenaga keperawatan yang bervariasi kemampuannya dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan. Hal ini berarti bahwa model tim dilaksanakan dengan tepat pada kondisi dimana kemampuan tenaga keperawatan bervariasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kegagalan penerapan model ini, jika penerapan konsep tidak dilaksanakan secara menyeluruh/total dan tidak dilakukan pre atau post conference dalam system pemberian asuhan keperawatan untuk pemecahan masalah yang dihadapi pasien dalam penentuan strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan pasien. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MODEL PRIMER</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dengan berkembangnya ilmu keperawatan dan berbagai ilmu dalam bidang kesehatan, serta meningkatnya tuntutan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan keperawatan yang bermutu tinggi, dengan didasarkan bahwa pemberian asuhan keperawatan model tim masih mempunyai beberapa kekurangan, maka berdasarkan studi, para pakar keperawatan mengembangkan model pemberian asuhan keperawatan yang terbaru yaitu model primer <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">( Primary Nursing )</i>. Dan perawat yang melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan disebut sebagai <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Primary Nurse”</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tujuan dari model primer adalah terdapatnya kontinuitas keperawatan yang dilakukan secara komprehensif dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Penugasan yang diberikan kepada <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Primary Nurse </i>atas pasien yang dirawat dimulai sejak pasien masuk ke rumah sakit yang didasarkan kepada kebutuhan pasien atau masalah keperawatan yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan primary nurse. Setiap primary nurse mempunyai 4 – 6 pasien dan bertanggung jawab selama 24 jam selama pasien dirawat. Primary nurse akan melakukan pengkajian secara komprehensif dan merencanakan asuhan keperawatan. Selama bertugas ia akan melakukan berbagai kegiatan sesuai dengan masalah dan kebutuhan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Demikian pula pasien, keluarga, staf medic dan staf keperawatan akan mengetahui bahwa pasien tertentu merupakan tanggung jawab primary nurse tertentu. Dia bertanggung jawab untuk mengadakan komunikasi dan koordinasi dalam merencanakan asuhan keperawatan dan dia juga akan merencanakan pemulangan pasien atau rujukan bila diperlukan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jika primary nurse tidak bertugas, kelanjutan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>asuhan keperawatan didelegasikan kepada perawat lain yang disebut <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“associate nurse”</i>. Primary nurse bertanggung jawab terhadap asuhan keperawatan yang diterima pasien dan menginformasikan tentang keadaan pasien kepada kepala ruangan, dokter, dan staf keperawatan lainnya. Kepala ruangan tidak perlu mengecek satu per satu pasien, tetapi dapat mengevaluasi secara menyeluruh tentang aktivitas pelayanan yang diberikan kepada semua pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Seorang primary nurse bukan hanya mempunyai kewenangan untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan tetapi juga mempunyai kewenangan untuk melakukan rujukan kepada pekerja social, kontak dengan lembaga social masyarakat, membuat jadwal perjanjian klinik, mengadakan kunjungan rumah dan sebagainya. Dengan diberikannya kewenangan tersebut, maka dituntut akuntabilitas yang tinggi terhadap hasil pelayanan yang diberikan. Primary nurse berperan sebagai advokat pasien terhadap birokrasi rumah sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kepuasan yang dirasakan pasien dalam model primer adalah pasien merasa dimanusiawikan karena pasien terpenuhi kebutuhannya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>secara individual dengan asuhan keperawatan yang bermutu dan tercapainya pelayanan yang efektif terhadap pengobatan, dukungan, proteksi, informasi dan advokasi. Kepuasan yang dirasakan oleh primary nurse adalah tercapainya hasil berupa kemampuan yang tinggi terletak pada kemampuan supervise. Staf medis juga merasakan kepuasannya dengan model primer ini, karena senantiasi informasi tentang kondisi pasien selalu mutakhir dan laporan pasien komprehensif, sedangkan pada model fungsional dan tim informasi diperoleh dari beberapa perawat. Untuk pihak rumah sakit keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh adalah rumah sakit tidak perlu mempekerjakan terlalu banyak tenaga keperawatan, tetapi tenaga yang ada harus berkualitas tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam menetapkan seseorang menjadi primary nurse perlu berhati – hati karena memerlukan beberapa criteria, diantaranya dalam menetapkan kemampuan asertif, self direction, kemampuan mengambil keputusan yang tepat, menguasai keperawatan klinik, akuntabel serta mampu berkolaborasi dengan baik antar berbagai disiplin ilmu. Di Negara maju pada umumnya perawat yang ditunjuk sebagai primary nurse adalah seorang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Clinical Specialist</i> yang mempunyai kualifikasi master.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa model primer dapat meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan bila dibandingkan dengan model tim, karena :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hanya satu perawat yang bertanggung jawab dan bertanggung gugat dalam perencanaan dan koordinasi asuhan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jangkauan observasi setiap perawat hanya 4 – 6 pasien bila dibandingkan dengan 10 – 20 orang pada setiap tim</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perawat tim bertanggung jawab selama 24 jam</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rencana pulang pasien dapat diberikan lebih awal</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rencana keperawatan dan rencana medic dapat berjalan parallel</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MODEL MODULAR</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengembangan model modular<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>merupakan pengembangan dari primary nursing yang digunakan dalam keperawatan dengan melibatkan tenaga professional dan non professional.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model modular mirip dengan model keperawatan tim, karena tenaga professional dan non professional bekerja sama dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada beberapa pasien dengan arahan kepemimpinan perawat professional.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model modular mirip juga dengan model primer, karena tiap 2 – 3 perawat bertanggung jawab terhadap asuhan beberapa pasien sesuai dengan beban kasus, sejak pasien masuk, pulang dan setelah pulang serta asuhan lanjutan kembali ke rumah sakit. Agar model ini efektif maka kepala ruangan secara seksama menyusun tenaga professional dan non professional serta bertanggung jawab supaya kedua tenaga tersebut saling mengisi dalam kemampuan, kepribadian, terutama kepemimpinan. Dalam menerapkan model modular, 2 – 3 tenaga keperawatan bisa bekerja sama dalam tim, serta diberi tanggung jawab penuh untuk mengelola 8 – 12 kasus. Seperti pada model primer, tugas tim keperawatan ini harus tersedia juga selama tugas gilir ( shift ) sore-malam dan pada hari – hari libur, namun tanggung jawab terbesar dipegang oleh perawat professional. Perawat professional bertanggung jawab untuk membimbing dan mendidik perawat non professional dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan. Konsekuensinya peran perawat professional dalam model modular ini lebih sulit dibandingkan dengan perawat primer. Model modular merupakan gabungan dari model tim dan model primer. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MODEL MANAJEMEN KASUS</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Model manajemen kasus merupakan generasi kedua dari model primary nursing. Dalam model ini asuhan keperawatan dilaksanakan berdasarkan pandangan, bahwa untuk penyelesaian kasus keperawatan secara tuntas berdasarkan berbagai sumber daya yang ada.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tujuan dari manajemen kasus adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menetapkan pencapaian tujuan asuhan keperawatan yang diharapkan sesuai dengan standar</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memfasilitasi ketergantungan pasien sesingkat mungkin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menggunakan sumber daya seefisien mungkin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memfasilitasi secara berkesinambungan asuhan keperawatan melalui kolaborasi dengan tim kesehatan lainnya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengembangan profesionalisme dan kepuasan kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memfasilitasi ahli ilmu pengetahuan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kerangka kerja dari model manajemen kasus adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasien masuk melalui <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“agency kesehatan”</i>, manajer mempunyai kewenangan dan tanggung jawab dalam perencanaan sampai dengan evaluasi pada episode tertentu tanpa membedakan pasien itu berasal dari unit mana.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam manajemen kasus menggunakan dua cara, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Case management plan ( CMP ). Merupakan perencanaan bersama dari masing – masing profesi kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Critical path diagram ( CPD ). Merupakan penjabaran dari CMP dan ada target waktunya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Manajer mengevaluasi perkembangan pasien setiap hari, yang mengacu pada tujuan asuhan keperawatan yang telah ditetapkan. Bentuk spesifik dari manajemen kasus ini tergantung dari karakteristik tatanan asuhan keperawatan.</span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-21886893710684013902012-05-06T08:19:00.002-07:002012-05-06T08:19:55.450-07:00PERAN DAN FUNGSI PERAWAT<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PERAN PERAWAT</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Merupakan tingkah laku yang diharapkan oleh orang lain terhadap seseorang sesuai kedudukan dalam system, dimana dapat dipengaruhi oleh keadaan social baik dari profesi maupun diluar profesi keperawatan yang bersifat konstan. Peran perawat menurut konsirsium ilmu kesehatan tahun 1989 terdiri dari :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Pemberi Asuhan Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini dapat dilakukan perawat dengan memperhatikan keadaan kenutuhan dasar manusia yang dibutuhkan melalui pemberian pelayanan keperawatan dengan menggunakan proses keperawatan sehingga dapat ditentukan diagnosis keperawatan agar bisa direncanakan dan dilaksanakan tindakan yang tepat sesuai dengan tingkat kebutuhan dasar manusia, kemudian dapat dievaluasi tingkat perkembangannya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Advokat Klien</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini dilakukan oleh perawat dalam membantu klien dan keluarga dalam menginterprestasikan berbagai informasi dari pemberi pelayanan atau informasi lain khususnya dalam pengambilan persetujuan atas tindakan keperawatan yang diberikan kepada pasien, juga dapat berperan mempertahankan dan melindungi hak – hak pasien yang meliputi hak atas pelayanan sebaik – baiknya, hak atas informasi tentang penyakitnya, hak atas privasi, hak untuk menentukan nasibnya sendiri dan hak untuk menerima ganti rugi akibat kelalaian.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Educator</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini dilakukan dengan membantu klien dalam meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan, gejala penyakit bahkan tindakan yang diberikan, sehingga terjadi perubahan perilaku dari klien setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Coordinator</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini dilaksanakan dengan mengarahkan, merencanakan serta mengorganisasikan pelayanan kesehatan dari tim kesehatan sehingga pemberian pelayanan kesehatan dapat terarah serta sesuai dengan kebutuhan klien<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Kolaborator</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini dilakukan karena perawat bekerja melalui tim kesehatan yang terdiri dari dokter, fisioterapis, ahli gizi dan lain – lain dengan berupaya mengidentifikasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pelayanan keperawatan yang diperlukan termasuk diskusi atau tukar pendapat dalam penentuan bentuk pelayanan selanjutnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Konsultan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini sebagai tempat konsultasi terhadap masalah atau tindakan keperawatan yang tepat untuk diberikan. Peran ini dilakukan atas permintaan klien terhadap informasi tentang tujuan pelayanan keperawatan yang diberikan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Pembaharuan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini dilakukan dengan mengadakan perencanaan, kerja sama, perubahan, yang sistematis dan terarah sesuai dengan metode pemberian pelayanan keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selain peran perawat berdasarkan konsirsium ilmu kesehatan, terdapat pembagian peran perawat menurut hasil lokakarya keperawatan tahun 1983, yang membagi empat peran perawat :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Pelaksana Pelayanan Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran ini dikenal dengan peran perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan secara langsung atau tidak langsung kepada klien sebagai individu, keluarga, dan masyarakat, dengan metoda pendekatan pemecahan masalah yang disebut proses keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Pendidik Dalam Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sebagai pendidik, perawat berperan dalam mendidik individu, keluarga, kelompok, dan masyarakat serta tenaga kesehatan yang berada dibawah tanggung jawabnya. Peran ini berupa penyuluhan kepada klien, maupun bentuk desiminasi ilmu kepada peserta didik keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Pengelola Pelayanan Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam hal ini perawat mempunyai peran dan tanggung jawab dalam mengelola pelayanan maupun pendidikan keperawatan sesuai dengan manajemen keperawatan dalam kerangka paradigm keperawatan. Sebagai pengelola, perawat melakukan pemantauan dan menjamin kualitas asuhan atau pelayanan keperawatan serta mengorganisasikan dan mengendalikan system pelayanan keperawatan. Secara umum, pengetahuan perawat tentang fungsi, posisi, lingkup kewenangan, dan tanggung jawab sebagai pelaksana belum maksimal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peran Perawat Sebagai Peneliti Dan Pengembang Pelayanan Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sebagai peneliti dan pengembangan di bidang keperawatan, perawat diharapkan mampu mengidentifikasi masalah penelitian, menerapkan prinsip dan metode penelitian, serta memanfaatkan hasil penelitian untuk meningkatkan mutu asuhan atau pelayanan dan pendidikan keperawatan. Penelitian di dalam bidang keperawatan berperan dalam mengurangi kesenjangan penguasaan teknologi di bidang kesehatan, karena temuan penelitian lebih memungkinkan terjadinya transformasi ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, selain itu penting dalam memperkokoh upaya menetapkan dan memajukan profesi keperawatan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">FUNGSI PERAWAT</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi perawat meliputi :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi Independen</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam fungsi ini, tindakan perawat tidak memerlukan perintah dokter. Tindakan perawat bersifat mandiri, berdasarkan pada ilmu keperawatan. Oleh karena itu, perawat bertanggung jawab terhadap akibat yang timbul dari tindakan yang diambil. Contoh tindakan perawat dalam menjalankan fungsi independen adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengkajian seluruh sejarah kesehatan pasien/keluarganya dan menguji secara fisik untuk menentukan status kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengidentifikasi tindakan keperawatan yang mungkin dilakukan untuk memelihara atau memperbaiki kesehatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Membantu pasien dalam melakukan kagiatan sehari – hari</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mendorong untuk berperilaku secara wajar</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi Dependen</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perawat membantu dokter memberikan pelayanan pengobatan dan tindakan khusus yang menjadi wewenang dokter dan seharusnya dilakukan dokter, seperti pemasangan infuse, pemberian obat, dan melakukan suntikan. Oleh karena itu, setiap kegagalan tindakan medis menjadi tanggung jawab dokter. Setiap tindakan perawat yang berdasarkan perintah dokter, dengan menghormati hak pasien tidak termasuk dalam tanggung jawab perawat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi Interdependen</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tindakan perawat berdasar pada kerja sama dengan tim perawatan atau tim kesehatan. Fungsi ini tampak ketika perawat bersama tenaga kesehatan lainnya berkolaborasi mengupayakan kesembuhan pasien. Mereka biasanya tergabung dalam sebuah tim yang dipimpin oleh seorang dokter. Sebagai sesame tenaga kesehatan, masing – masing tenaga kesehatan mempunyai kewajiban untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien sesuai dengan bidang ilmunya. Dalam kolaborasi ini, pasien menjadi focus upaya pelayanan kesehatan. Contohnya, untuk menangani ibu hamil yang menderita diabetes, perawat bersama tenaga gizi berkolaborasi membuat rencana untuk menentukan kebutuhan makanan yang diperlukan bagi ibu dan perkembangan janin. Ahli gizi memberikan kontribusi dalam perencanaan makanan dan perawat mengajarkan pasien memilih makan sehari – hari. Dalam fungsi ini, perawat bertanggung jawab secara bersama – sama dengan tenaga kesehatan lain terhadap kegagalan pelayanan kesehatan terutama untuk bidang keperawatannya.</span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7672553762404696220.post-44365656359806257052012-05-06T08:08:00.000-07:002012-05-06T08:08:45.103-07:00PERATURAN MENTERI KESEHATAN TENTANG KLASIFIKASI RUMAH SAKIT<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB I</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">KETENTUAN UMUM</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 1</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dalam Peraturan ini yang dimaksud dengan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit adalah institusi pelayanan kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">kesehatan perorangan secara paripurna yang menyediakan pelayanan rawat inap, rawat</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">jalan, dan gawat darurat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum adalah Rumah Sakit yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan pada</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">semua bidang dan jenis penyakit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Khusus adalah Rumah Sakit yang memberikan pelayanan utama pada satu</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">bidang atau satu jenis penyakit tertentu, berdasarkan disiplin ilmu, golongan umur, organ</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">atau jenis penyakit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klasifikasi Rumah Sakit adalah pengelompokan kelas Rumah Sakit berdasarkan fasilitas</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan kemampuan pelayanan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fasilitas adalah segala sesuatu hal yang menyangkut sarana, prasarana maupun alat</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(baik alat medik maupun alat non medik) yang dibutuhkan oleh rumah sakit dalam</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">memberikan pelayanan yang sebaik-baiknya bagi pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sarana adalah segala sesuatu benda fisik yang dapat tervisualisasi oleh mata maupu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">n </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">teraba oleh panca-indera dan dengan mudah dapat dikenali oleh pasien dan (umumnya)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">merupakan bagian dari suatu bangunan gedung ataupun bangunan gedung itu sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Prasarana adalah benda maupun jaringan / instansi yang membuat suatu sarana yang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ada bisa berfungsi sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tenaga tetap adalah tenaga yang bekerja di rumah sakit secara purna waktu dan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">berstatus pegawai tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB II</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PENETAPAN KELAS</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 2</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Setiap rumah sakit wajib mendapatkan penetapan kelas dari Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah sakit dapat ditingkatkan kelasnya setelah lulus tahapan pelayanan akreditasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">kelas dibawahnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 3</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit harus mempunyai kemampuan pelayanan sekurang-kurangnya pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">medik umum, gawat darurat, pelayanan keperawatan, rawat jalan, rawat inap, operasi/bedah,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pelayanan medik spesialis dasar, penunjang medik, farmasi, gizi, sterilisasi, rekam medik,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pelayanan administrasi dan manajemen, penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat, pemulasaran</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">jenazah, <i>laundry</i>, dan <i>ambulance, </i>pemeliharaan sarana rumah sakit, serta pengolahan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">limbah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB III</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">KLASIFIKASI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 4</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan fasilitas dan kemampuan pelayanan, Rumah Sakit Umum diklasifikasikan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">menjadi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas A;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas B;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas C;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas D.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 5</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klasifikasi Rumah Sakit Umum ditetapkan berdasarkan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sumber Daya Manusia;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sarana dan Prasarana; dan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Administrasi dan Manajemen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB IV</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">RUMAH SAKIT UMUM</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bagian </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pertama</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas A</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 6</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas A harus mempunyai fasilitas dan kemampuan pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">medik paling sedikit 4 (empat) Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar, 5 (lima) Pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Spesialis Penunjang Medik, 12 (dua belas) Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Lain dan 13</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(tiga belas) Pelayanan Medik Sub Spesialis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kriteria, fasilitas dan kemampuan Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas A sebagaimana dimaksud</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pada ayat (1) meliputi Pelayanan Medik Umum, Pelayanan Gawat Darurat, Pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Medik Spesialis Dasar, Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik, Pelayanan Medik</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Spesialis Lain, Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Gigi Mulut, Pelayanan Medik Subspesialis,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, Pelayanan Penunjang Klinik, dan Pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penunjang Non Klinik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Umum terdiri dari Pelayanan Medik Dasar, Pelayanan Medik Gigi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mulut dan Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu Anak /Keluarga Berencana.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Gawat Darurat harus dapat memberikan pelayanan gawat darurat 24 (dua</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">puluh empat) jam dan 7 (tujuh) hari seminggu dengan kemampuan melakukan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pemeriksaan awal kasus-kasus gawat darurat, melakukan resusitasi dan stabilisasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">sesuai dengan standar.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar terdiri dari Pelayanan Penyakit Dalam, Kesehatan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anak, Bedah, Obstetri dan Ginekologi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik terdiri dari Pelayanan Anestesiologi, Radiologi,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rehabilitasi Medik, Patologi Klinik dan Patologi Anatomi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Lain sekurang-kurangnya terdiri dari Pelayanan Mata,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan, Syaraf, Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah, Kulit dan Kelamin,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kedokteran Jiwa, Paru, Orthopedi, Urologi, Bedah Syaraf, Bedah Plastik dan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kedokteran Forensik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Gigi Mulut terdiri dari Pelayanan Bedah Mulut,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Konservasi/Endodonsi, Periodonti, Orthodonti, Prosthodonti, Pedodonsi dan Penyakit</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mulut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Kebidanan terdiri dari pelayanan asuhan keperawatan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan asuhan kebidanan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Subspesialis terdiri dari Subspesialis Bedah, Penyakit Dalam,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kesehatan Anak, Obstetri dan Ginekologi, Mata, Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan, Syaraf,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah, Kulit dan Kelamin, Jiwa, Paru, Orthopedi dan Gigi Mulut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Penunjang Klinik terdiri dari Perawatan Intensif, Pelayanan Darah, Gizi,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Farmasi, Sterilisasi Instrumen dan Rekam Medik.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Penunjang Non Klinik terdiri dari pelayanan <i>Laundry</i>/Linen, Jasa Boga/</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dapur, Teknik dan Pemeliharaan Fasilitas, Pengelolaan Limbah, Gudang, <i>Ambulance</i>, Komunikasi, Pemulasaraan Jenazah, Pemadam Kebakaran, Pengelolaan Gas Medik</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan Penampungan Air Bersih.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 7</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ketersediaan tenaga kesehatan disesuaikan dengan jenis dan tingkat pelayanan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Dasar minimal harus ada 18 (delapan belas) orang dokter</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">umum dan 4 (empat) orang dokter gigi sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar harus ada masing-masing minimal 6 (enam)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter spesialis dengan masing-masing 2 (dua) orang dokter spesialis sebagai</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik harus ada masing-masing minimal 3 (tiga)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter spesialis dengan masing-masing 1 (satu) orang dokter spesialis sebagai</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Lain harus ada masing-masing minimal 3 (tiga) orang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dokter spesialis dengan masing-masing 1 (satu) orang dokter spesialis sebagai tenaga</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Untuk Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Gigi Mulut harus ada masing-masing minimal 1 (satu)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter gigi spesialis sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Subspesialis harus ada masing-masing minimal 2 (dua) orang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dokter subspesialis dengan masing-masing 1 (satu) orang dokter subspesialis sebagai</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perbandingan tenaga keperawatan dan tempat tidur adalah 1:1 dengan kualifikasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga keperawatan sesuai dengan pelayanan di Rumah Sakit</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tenaga penunjang berdasarkan kebutuhan Rumah Sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 8</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sarana prasarana Rumah Sakit harus memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan yang dimiliki Rumah Sakit harus memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan radiologi dan kedokteran nuklir harus memenuhi standar sesuai dengan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah tempat tidur minimal 400 (empat ratus) buah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 9</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Administrasi dan manajemen terdiri dari struktur organisasi dan tata laksana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur organisasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) paling sedikit terdiri atas</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kepala Rumah Sakit atau Direktur Rumah Sakit, unsur pelayanan medis, unsur</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">keperawatan, unsur penunjang medis, komite medis, satuan pemeriksaan internal,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">serta administrasi umum dan keuangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tata laksana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) meliputi tatalaksana organisasi,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">standar pelayanan, standar operasional prosedur (SPO), Sistem Informasi Manajemen</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit (SIMRS), <i>hospital by laws </i>dan <i>Medical Staff by laws</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bagian Kedua</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas B</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 10</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas B harus mempunyai fasilitas dan kemampuan pelayanan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">medik paling sedikit 4 (empat) Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar, 4 (empat) Pelayanan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Spesialis Penunjang Medik, 8 (delapan) Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Lainnya dan 2</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(dua) Pelayanan Medik Subspesialis Dasar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kriteria, fasilitas dan kemampuan Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas B sebagaimana dimaksud</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pada ayat (1) meliputi Pelayanan Medik Umum, Pelayanan Gawat Darurat, Pelayanan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Medik Spesialis Dasar, Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik, Pelayanan Medik</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Spesialis Lain, Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Gigi Mulut, Pelayanan Medik Subspesialis,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, Pelayanan Penunjang Klinik dan Pelayanan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penunjang Non Klinik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Umum terdiri dari Pelayanan Medik Dasar, Pelayanan Medik Gigi</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mulut dan Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu Anak /Keluarga Berencana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Gawat Darurat harus dapat memberikan pelayanan gawat darurat 24 (dua</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">puluh empat) jam dan 7 (tujuh) hari seminggu dengan kemampuan melakukan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pemeriksaan awal kasus-kasus gawat darurat, melakukan resusitasi dan stabilisasi</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">sesuai dengan standar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar terdiri dari Pelayanan Penyakit Dalam, Kesehatan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anak, Bedah, Obstetri dan Ginekologi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik terdiri dari Pelayanan Anestesiologi, Radiologi,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rehabilitasi Medik dan Patologi Klinik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Lain sekurang-kurangnya 8 (delapan) dari 13 (tiga belas)</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pelayanan meliputi Mata, Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan, Syaraf, Jantung dan Pembuluh</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Darah, Kulit dan Kelamin, Kedokteran Jiwa, Paru, Orthopedi, Urologi, Bedah Syaraf,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bedah Plastik dan Kedokteran Forensik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Gigi Mulut terdiri dari Pelayanan Bedah Mulut,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Konservasi/Endodonsi, dan Periodonti.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Kebidanan terdiri dari pelayanan asuhan keperawatan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan asuhan kebidanan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Subspesialis 2 (dua) dari 4 (empat) subspesialis dasar yang meliputi :</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bedah, Penyakit Dalam, Kesehatan Anak, Obstetri dan Ginekologi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Penunjang Klinik terdiri dari Perawatan intensif, Pelayanan Darah, Gizi,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Farmasi, Sterilisasi Instrumen dan Rekam Medik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Penunjang Non Klinik terdiri dari pelayanan <i>Laundry</i>/Linen, Jasa Boga /</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dapur, Teknik dan Pemeliharaan Fasilitas, Pengelolaan Limbah, Gudang, <i>Ambulance,</i></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Komunikasi, Pemulasaraan Jenazah, Pemadam Kebakaran, Pengelolaan Gas Medik</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan Penampungan Air Bersih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 11</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ketersediaan tenaga kesehatan disesuaikan dengan jenis dan tingkat pelayanan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Dasar minimal harus ada 12 (dua belas) orang dokter umum</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan 3 (tiga) orang dokter gigi sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar masing-masing minimal 3 (tiga) orang dokter</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">spesialis dengan masing-masing 1 (satu) orang sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik harus ada masing-masing minimal 2 (dua)</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter spesialis dengan masing-masing 1 (satu ) orang dokter spesialis sebagai</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Lain harus ada masing-masing minimal 1 (satu) orang</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dokter spesialis setiap pelayanan dengan 4 orang dokter spesialis sebagai tenaga tetap</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pada pelayanan yang berbeda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Gigi Mulut harus ada masing-masing minimal 1 (satu)</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter gigi spesialis sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Subspesialis harus ada masing-masing minimal 1 (satu) orang</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dokter subspesialis dengan 1 (satu) orang dokter subspesialis sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perbandingan tenaga keperawatan dan tempat tidur adalah 1:1 dengan kualifikasi</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga keperawatan sesuai dengan pelayanan di Rumah Sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tenaga penunjang berdasarkan kebutuhan Rumah Sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 12</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sarana prasarana Rumah Sakit harus memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan yang dimiliki Rumah Sakit harus memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan radiologi dan kedokteran nuklir harus memenuhi standar sesuai dengan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah tempat tidur minimal 200 (dua ratus) buah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 13</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Administrasi dan manajemen terdiri dari struktur organisasi dan tata laksana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur organisasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) paling sedikit terdiri atas</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kepala Rumah Sakit atau Direktur Rumah Sakit, unsur pelayanan medis, unsur</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">keperawatan, unsur penunjang medis, komite medis, satuan pemeriksaan internal,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">serta administrasi umum dan keuangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tata laksana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) meliputi tatalaksana organisasi,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">standar pelayanan, standar operasional prosedur (SPO), Sistem Informasi Manajemen</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit (SIMRS), <i>hospital by laws </i>dan <i>Medical Staff by laws</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bagian Ketiga</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas C</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 14</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas C harus mempunyai fasilitas dan kemampuan pelayanan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">medik paling sedikit 4 (empat) Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar dan 4 (empat)</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kriteria, fasilitas dan kemampuan Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas C sebagaimana dimaksud</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pada ayat (1) meliputi Pelayanan Medik Umum, Pelayanan Gawat Darurat, Pelayanan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Medik Spesialis Dasar, Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik, Pelayanan Medik</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Spesialis Gigi Mulut, Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, Pelayanan Penunjang</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klinik dan Pelayanan Penunjang Non Klinik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Umum terdiri dari Pelayanan Medik Dasar, Pelayanan Medik Gigi</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mulut dan Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu Anak /Keluarga Berencana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Gawat Darurat harus dapat memberikan pelayanan gawat darurat 24 (dua</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">puluh) jam dan 7 (tujuh) hari seminggu dengan kemampuan melakukan pemeriksaan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">awal kasus-kasus gawat darurat, melakukan resusitasi dan stabilisasi sesuai dengan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">standar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar terdiri dari Pelayanan Penyakit Dalam, Kesehatan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anak, Bedah, Obstetri dan Ginekologi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Gigi Mulut minimal 1 (satu) pelayanan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik terdiri dari Pelayanan Anestesiologi, Radiologi,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rehabilitasi Medik dan Patologi Klinik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Kebidanan terdiri dari pelayanan asuhan keperawatan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan asuhan kebidanan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Penunjang Klinik terdiri dari Perawatan intensif, Pelayanan Darah, Gizi,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Farmasi, Sterilisasi Instrumen dan Rekam Medik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Penunjang Non Klinik terdiri dari pelayanan <i>Laundry</i>/Linen, Jasa Boga /</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dapur, Teknik dan Pemeliharaan Fasilitas, Pengelolaan Limbah, Gudang, <i>Ambulance</i>,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Komunikasi, Kamar Jenazah, Pemadam Kebakaran, Pengelolaan Gas Medik dan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penampungan Air Bersih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 15</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ketersediaan tenaga kesehatan disesuaikan dengan jenis dan tingkat pelayanan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Dasar minimal harus ada 9 (sembilan) orang dokter umum dan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2 (dua) orang dokter gigi sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar harus ada masing-masing minimal 2 (dua)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter spesialis setiap pelayanan dengan 2 (dua) orang dokter spesialis sebagai</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga tetap pada pelayanan yang berbeda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada setiap Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik masing-masing minimal 1 (satu)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter spesialis setiap pelayanan dengan 2 (dua) orang dokter spesialis sebagai</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga tetap pada pelayanan yang berbeda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perbandingan tenaga keperawatan dan tempat tidur adalah 2:3 dengan kualifikasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga keperawatan sesuai dengan pelayanan di Rumah Sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tenaga penunjang berdasarkan kebutuhan Rumah Sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 16</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sarana prasarana Rumah Sakit harus memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan yang dimiliki Rumah Sakit harus memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan radiologi harus memenuhi standar sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">perundang-undangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah tempat tidur minimal 100 (seratus) buah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 17</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Administrasi dan manajemen terdiri dari struktur organisasi dan tata laksana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur organisasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) paling sedikit terdiri atas</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kepala Rumah Sakit atau Direktur Rumah Sakit, unsur pelayanan medis, unsur</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">keperawatan, unsur penunjang medis, komite medis, satuan pemeriksaan internal,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">serta administrasi umum dan keuangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tata laksana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) meliputi tatalaksana organisasi,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">standar pelayanan, standar operasional prosedur (SPO), Sistem Informasi ManajemenRumah Sakit (SIMS) dan <i>hospital by laws </i>dan <i>Medical Staff by laws</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bagian Keempat</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas D</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 18</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas D harus mempunyai fasilitas dan kemampuan pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">medik paling sedikit 2 (dua) Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kriteria, fasilitas dan kemampuan Rumah Sakit Umum Kelas D sebagaimana dimaksud</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pada ayat (1) meliputi Pelayanan Medik Umum, Pelayanan Gawat Darurat, Pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Medik Spesialis Dasar, Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, Pelayanan Penunjang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klinik dan Pelayanan Penunjang Non Klinik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Umum terdiri dari Pelayanan Medik Dasar, Pelayanan Medik Gigi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mulut dan Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu Anak /Keluarga Berencana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Gawat Darurat harus dapat memberikan pelayanan gawat darurat 24 (dua</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">puluh empat) jam dan 7 (tujuh) hari seminggu dengan kemampuan melakukan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pemeriksaan awal kasus-kasus gawat darurat, melakukan resusitasi dan stabilisasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">sesuai dengan standar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua) dari 4 (empat) jenis</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pelayanan spesialis dasar meliputi Pelayanan Penyakit Dalam, Kesehatan Anak,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bedah, Obstetri dan Ginekologi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik yaitu laboratorium dan Radiologi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Kebidanan terdiri dari pelayanan asuhan keperawatan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan asuhan kebidanan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Penunjang Klinik terdiri dari Perawatan High Care Unit, Pelayanan Darah,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gizi, Farmasi, Sterilisasi Instrumen dan Rekam Medik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan Penunjang Non Klinik terdiri dari pelayanan <i>Laundry</i>/Linen, Jasa Boga /</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dapur, Teknik dan Pemeliharaan Fasilitas, Pengelolaan Limbah, Gudang, <i>Ambulance</i>,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Komunikasi, Kamar Jenazah, Pemadam Kebakaran, Pengelolaan Gas Medik dan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penampungan Air Bersih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 19</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ketersediaan tenaga kesehatan disesuaikan dengan jenis dan tingkat pelayanan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Dasar minimal harus ada 4 (empat) orang dokter umum dan 1</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(satu) orang dokter gigi sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada Pelayanan Medik Spesialis Dasar harus ada masing-masing minimal 1 (satu)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter spesialis dari 2 (dua) jenis pelayanan spesialis dasar dengan 1 (satu)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">orang dokter spesialis sebagai tenaga tetap.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perbandingan tenaga keperawatan dan tempat tidur adalah 2:3 dengan kualifikasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tenaga keperawatan sesuai dengan pelayanan di Rumah Sakit. (5) Tenaga penunjang berdasarkan kebutuhan Rumah Sakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 20</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sarana prasarana Rumah Sakit harus memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan yang dimiliki Rumah Sakit harus memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menteri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan radiologi harus memenuhi standar sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">perundang-undangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah tempat tidur minimal 50 (lima puluh) buah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 21</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Administrasi dan manajemen terdiri dari struktur organisasi dan tata laksana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur organisasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) paling sedikit terdiri atas</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kepala Rumah Sakit atau Direktur Rumah Sakit, unsur pelayanan medis, unsur</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">keperawatan, unsur penunjang medis, komite medis, satuan pemeriksaan internal,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">serta administrasi umum dan keuangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tatakelola sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) meliputi tatalaksana organisasi,</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">standar pelayanan, standar operasional prosedur (SPO), Sistem Informasi Manajemen</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit (SIMS), <i>hospital by laws </i>dan <i>Medical Staff by laws</i>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 22</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kriteria klasifikasi Rumah Sakit Umum sebagaimana tercantum dalam lampiran I Peratura</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">n </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ini.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BAB V</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 23</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jenis Rumah Sakit khusus antara lain Rumah Sakit Khusus Ibu dan Anak, Jantung, Kanker,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Orthopedi, Paru, Jiwa, Kusta, Mata, Ketergantungan Obat, Stroke, Penyakit Infeksi, Bersalin,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gigi dan Mulut, Rehabilitasi Medik, Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan, Bedah, Ginjal, Kulit dan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kelamin.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 24</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan fasilitas dan kemampuan pelayanan, Rumah Sakit Khusus diklasifikasikan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">menjadi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Khusus Kelas A;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Khusus Kelas B;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Khusus Kelas C.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 25</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klasifikasi Rumah Sakit Khusus ditetapkan berdasarkan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sumber Daya Manusia;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peralatan;</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sarana dan Prasarana; dan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Administrasi dan Manajemen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kriteria klasifikasi Rumah Sakit Khusus sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">sebagaimana tercantum dalam lampiran II Peraturan ini.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 26</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klasifikasi dari unsur pelayanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 24 meliputi Pelayanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Medik Umum, Pelayanan Gawat Darurat sesuai kekhususannya, Pelayanan Medik Spesialis</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dasar sesuai kekhususan, Pelayanan Spesialis Penunjang Medik, Pelayanan Medik</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Spesialis Lain, Pelayanan Keperawatan, Pelayanan Penunjang Klinik, Pelayanan Penunjang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Non Klinik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 27</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kriteria klasifikasi dari unsur sumber daya manusia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 24</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">meliputi ketersediaan sumber daya manusia pada Pelayanan Medik Dasar, Pelayanan Medik</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Spesialis sesuai kekhususannya, Pelayanan Medik Subspesialis, Pelayanan Spesialis</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penunjang Medik, Pelayanan Keperawatan dan Penunjang Klinik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 28</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kriteria klasifikasi dari unsur administrasi dan manajemen sebagaimana dimaksud dalam</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 24 meliputi struktur organisasi dan tata laksana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur organisasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) paling sedikit terdiri atas</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kepala Rumah Sakit atau Direktur Rumah Sakit, unsur pelayanan medis, unsur</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">keperawatan, unsur penunjang medis, komite medis, satuan pemeriksaan internal, serta</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">administrasi umum dan keuangan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tata laksana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) meliputi tugas dan fungsi, susunan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan uraian jabatan, tata hubungan kerja, standar operasional prosedur, <i>hospital bylaws</i></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">& medical staff bylaws.</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 29</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumah Sakit Khusus harus memenuhi jumlah tempat tidur sesuai dengan klasifikasinya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">berdasarkan kebutuhan sebagaimana tercantum dalam lampiran Peraturan ini.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasal 30</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penamaan Rumah Sakit Khusus harus mencantumkan kekhususannya.</span></div>Elvira Ningsi Kidinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12541274302354956992noreply@blogger.com0